Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.

题目

Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.

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更多“Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take ad ”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    It is quite natural for British people to hold the door when people are getting in a lift.()

    此题为判断题(对，错)。


    参考答案：对

  • 第2题：

    Having reviewed their articles will give us a much better feel for the major differences between the two schools of thought.()


    正确答案:错

  • 第3题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Human Evolution

    Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
    There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
    For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.

    What does the example of India illustrate?
    A:Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.
    B:Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.
    C:The middle class population is 80%smaller than that of the tribes.
    D:India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.

    答案：B
    解析：
    文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105: 100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老年人中，女性是男性的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”，这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
    使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
    文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
    文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
    文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。

  • 第4题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Human Evolution

    Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
    There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
    For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.

    Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
    A:Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution.
    B:Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution.
    C:The Evolutionary Future of Nature.
    D:Human Evolution Going Nowhere.

    答案：D
    解析：
    文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105: 100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老年人中，女性是男性的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”，这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
    使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
    文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
    文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
    文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。

  • 第5题：

    I would like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my sincere ______ for your help.

    A.regulation
    B.recreation
    C.appreciation
    D.guarantee

    答案：C
    解析：
    本题考查词语辨析。题目意为“我想借此机会对你们的帮助表示衷心的感谢。”A选项“管理，规则”，B选项“娱乐，消遣”，C选项“感谢，感激”，D选项“保证，担保”。 根据句意sincere appreciation 衷心的感谢。
    　　

  • 第6题：

    共用题干
    Friendship

    Friends play an important part in our lives,and although we may take the fact of
    friendship for granted,we often don't clearly understand how we make friends.While we
    get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few一for
    example,the average among students is about 6 per person.
    Moreover,a great many relationships come under the blanket term"friendship".In all
    cases,two people like each other and enjoy being together,but beyond that,the degree
    of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormously.
    Initially,much depends on how people meet,and on favourable first impressions.As
    we get to know people,we take into account things like age,race,physical
    attractiveness,economic and social status,and intelligence.Although these factors are
    not of prime importance,it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a marked
    difference in age and background.
    On a more immediate level,we are sensitive to actual behaviour,facial expression,
    and tone of voice.Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at
    each other than mere acquaintances.Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness,and
    it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in
    making friends.A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive
    stare,and nervousness may be misread as hostility.People who do not look one in the eye
    are mistrusted when,in fact,they simply lack confidence.
    Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion,but it is usual for close friends
    to have similar ideas and beliefs,to have attitudes and interests in common一they often talk
    about"being on the same wavelength".It generally takes time to reach this point;
    sometimes people"click"immediately.The more intimately involved people become, the
    more they rely on one another.People want to do friends favours and hate to let them
    down.Equally,friends have to learn to make allowances for each other,to put up with
    irritating habits,and to tolerate differences of opinion.Imagine going camping with
    someone you occasionally meet for a drink!
    In contrast with marriage,there are no friendship ceremonies,no rituals to strengthen
    the association between two people.But the mutual support and understanding that results
    from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can
    overcome differences in background,and break down barriers of age,class or race.

    There are apparently no bonds between friends as there are between husband and wife.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案：B
    解析：

  • 第7题：

    Spiritual Bond Besides, do not forget to appreciate the ''spiritual bond'' between people. I've met numerous people in Japan, the US, and Australia. In the beginning, I was __1__ by the differences in the views and cultures. After studying in the US, I got __2__ to the American way of thinking. So when I first moved to Australia, I had __3__ thoughts about Australians, I thought they were quiet and passive. I felt that I couldn't understand them and that I didn't __4__ in. That is when I met the Happy Science teachings. I learned about how people go through reincarnation （转世） and are born again and again in different races and in different countries. Therefore, I realized that the people I meet in this lifetime are __5__ connected to me from my past. We have known each other before. When I __6__ this spiritual perspective, I reflected on my narrow-Mindedness. When I found out that people who I thought I couldn't understand could be spiritually connected to me, I felt __7__ even for people I used to __8__ .I felt a feeling of oneness and I was able to make many friends creating bonds of understanding and respect. Value and __9__ every spiritual bond between you and the people you meet and continue to work hard to develop yourself in order to __10__ others and be a good influence. __7__内应填（）

    • A、negative
    • B、criticize
    • C、spiritually
    • D、shameful
    • E、affection
    • F、discovered
    • G、appreciate
    • H、confused
    • I、fit
    • J、admit
    • K、used
    • L、help

    正确答案:E

  • 第8题：

    单选题
    The purpose of this passage is to ______.
    A

    frighten people with the rapid melting of the Greenland ice sheet

    B

    urge people to take some measures to curb the melting of the Greenland ice sheet

    C

    promote people’s environmental protection consciousness

    D

    let people know the time the Greenland ice sheet will take to melt


    正确答案： D
    解析：
    该段录音首先指出IPCC认为至少等1000年格陵兰岛冰盖才会融化，但是Lenton’s group表示300年内该冰盖就会断裂，那时亿万人将会受到影响，从录音最后Lenton提到的“格陵兰岛冰盖断裂很快就会变得无法避免，但是我们并不认为我们已经度过了临界点”，可见该段录音主要是想提高人们的环保意识。
    【录音原文】
    The IPCC says the Greenland ice sheet will take at least l, 000 years to melt. But Lenton’s group—whose members include John Schellnhuber, the chief scientist on climate change at the recent G8 meeting in Germany—says the sheet could break up within 300 years, raising sea levels by 7 meters. This would flood hundreds of millions of people or more out of their homes. “We are close to being committed to a collapse of the Greenland ice sheet,” Lenton says. “But we don’t think we have passed the tipping point yet.”

  • 第9题：

    问答题
    Test 14　　People from different cultures keep different value systems and have different ways of looking at things. Failing to recognize these cultural differences will lead to misunderstanding.　　Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic：WAYS OF DEALING WITH CULTURAL DIFFERENCES　　You are to write in three parts.　　In the first part, state the necessity of dealing with the cultural differences.　　In the second part, state specifically what your suggested ways are.　　In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.　　Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

    正确答案：
    【参考范文】
    Different cultures have their own rules of behavior. People from different cultural backgrounds may have very different beliefs, religions, customs and habits. Ignorance of cultural differences often causes misunderstanding, offense, or embarrassment in cross-cultural communication. In order to avoid misunderstanding or giving unnecessary offense, we need to develop a cross-cultural perspective. Here are two basic ways to help deal with cultural differences:
    First of all, we must bear in mind that all cultures are equal, however different some cultures may seem from our own. Having a respect for other cultures is an effective way to promote international communication, since understanding can only be reached if we are willing to treat people from other cultures as equals. Second, we can avoid unintentionally offending others by learning the basic characteristics of other cultures. It is a good policy to ask your foreign friends or business associates about their everyday customs and let them know your customs as well.
    As China opens to the outside world, more and more people are involved in international business transactions or cultural exchanges in various areas. It is important that we improve our awareness of cultural differences so as to prepare ourselves for successful cross-cultural communication.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第10题：

    单选题
    The passage mainly discusses ______.
    A

    how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations

    B

    how hormone determines sex differences

    C

    why there are differences between males and females

    D

    why men and women have different social roles


    正确答案： C
    解析：
    可以先看一下四个答案的意思：A“性别差异是如何在社交中体现的”，B“激素是如何决定男女差异的”，C“男女之间为什么会产生差异”，D“为什么男女会有不同的社会角色”。本文在前两段论述了男女性别的差异，紧接着后面开始阐述这种差别所导致的男女在竞争及工作中的不同表现。很明显选A。

  • 第11题：

    单选题
    Spiritual Bond Besides, do not forget to appreciate the ''spiritual bond'' between people. I've met numerous people in Japan, the US, and Australia. In the beginning, I was __1__ by the differences in the views and cultures. After studying in the US, I got __2__ to the American way of thinking. So when I first moved to Australia, I had __3__ thoughts about Australians, I thought they were quiet and passive. I felt that I couldn't understand them and that I didn't __4__ in. That is when I met the Happy Science teachings. I learned about how people go through reincarnation （转世） and are born again and again in different races and in different countries. Therefore, I realized that the people I meet in this lifetime are __5__ connected to me from my past. We have known each other before. When I __6__ this spiritual perspective, I reflected on my narrow-Mindedness. When I found out that people who I thought I couldn't understand could be spiritually connected to me, I felt __7__ even for people I used to __8__ .I felt a feeling of oneness and I was able to make many friends creating bonds of understanding and respect. Value and __9__ every spiritual bond between you and the people you meet and continue to work hard to develop yourself in order to __10__ others and be a good influence. __4__内应填（）
    A

    negative

    B

    criticize

    C

    spiritually

    D

    shameful

    E

    affection

    F

    discovered

    G

    appreciate

    H

    confused

    I

    fit

    J

    admit

    K

    used

    L

    help


    正确答案： K
    解析： 从句中缺少谓语动。译文：我觉得自己很难理解并融入他们。fit in固定搭配，融入、适应。答案为I。

  • 第12题：

    单选题
    Instead, I’ll _______ on the differences between the two versions; unfortunately most of the differences took away from the original film, _______ I think is truly excellent.
    A

    explain; that    

    B

    comment; which    

    C

    analyse; as    

    D

    remark; what


    正确答案： D
    解析：
    相反，我将就这两个版本的不同做出评价，不幸的是许多的不同都是原版电影中所去掉了的，我认为那些去掉的情节确实很精彩。comment评论。explain解释。analyse分析。remark评论。只有comment能与on搭配使用，表示“对…进行评价”。

  • 第13题：

    A lot of people will()this party,so the cup is not().

    A、take part on,enough

    B、take,enough

    C、take part in,much

    D、take part in,enough


    正确答案:D

  • 第14题：

    The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction(交往)between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical(重要的)to ensuring(保证)that interpersonal communication is successful.

    Intercultural awareness(跨文化意识)is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes(减少)the possibility of misunderstandings (误解)and/or causing offense (冒犯)through intercultural mishaps(意外). Secondly, it is a means to maximizing (使……最大化)the potential of business relationships through the utilization(利用)of intercultural differences productively.

    One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors(主管), managers, salespeople, consultants (顾问)and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder(阻碍)the success of a presentation.

    1. What is very important in interpersonal communication according to the text?()

    A.Understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people.

    B.Greater interaction between people from different cultures.

    C.Offense through intercultural mishaps.

    D.Misunderstanding through intercultural mishaps.

    2.What can we infer(推理)from the text about intercultural communication?()

    A.There are many differences among people from different cultures.

    B.Misunderstandings seldom occur(发生)in intercultural communication.

    C.Intercultural mishaps do not exist within the business environment.

    D.Business presentation is an easy job in intercultural communication.

    3.How can intercultural awareness help in strengthening business relationship?()

    A.It minimizes the possibility of misunderstandings in intercultural communication.

    B.It can help people find the intercultural factors that can hinder the success of a business presentation.

    C.It can help people use intercultural differences productively.

    D.All of the above.

    4.What does intercultural awareness mean?()

    A.Intercultural differences in intercultural communication.

    B.Understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people.

    C.Giving a business presentation.

    D.Misunderstandings through intercultural mishaps.

    5.If this text goes on, what do you think the author is going to talk about next?()

    A.The intercultural factors that can hinder the success of a business presentation.

    B.Misunderstandings in intercultural communication.

    C.Intercultural mishaps.

    D.How to use intercultural differences productively.


    正确答案：1.A2.A3.D4.B5.A

  • 第15题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Human Evolution

    Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
    There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
    For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.

    The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because______.
    A:life has been improved by technological advance
    B:the number of female babies has been declining
    C:our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
    D:the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing

    答案：A
    解析：
    文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105: 100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老年人中，女性是男性的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”，这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
    使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
    文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
    文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
    文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。

  • 第16题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Human Evolution

    Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
    There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
    For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.

    What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?
    A:A lack of mates.
    B:A fierce competition.
    C:A lower survival rate.
    D:A defective gene.

    答案：C
    解析：
    文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105: 100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老年人中，女性是男性的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”，这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
    使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
    文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
    文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
    文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。

  • 第17题：

    共用题干
    Friendship

    Friends play an important part in our lives,and although we may take the fact of
    friendship for granted,we often don't clearly understand how we make friends.While we
    get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few一for
    example,the average among students is about 6 per person.
    Moreover,a great many relationships come under the blanket term"friendship".In all
    cases,two people like each other and enjoy being together,but beyond that,the degree
    of intimacy between them and the reasons for their mutual interest vary enormously.
    Initially,much depends on how people meet,and on favourable first impressions.As
    we get to know people,we take into account things like age,race,physical
    attractiveness,economic and social status,and intelligence.Although these factors are
    not of prime importance,it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a marked
    difference in age and background.
    On a more immediate level,we are sensitive to actual behaviour,facial expression,
    and tone of voice.Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at
    each other than mere acquaintances.Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness,and
    it is because they may transmit the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in
    making friends.A friendly gaze with the wrong facial expression can turn into an aggressive
    stare,and nervousness may be misread as hostility.People who do not look one in the eye
    are mistrusted when,in fact,they simply lack confidence.
    Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion,but it is usual for close friends
    to have similar ideas and beliefs,to have attitudes and interests in common一they often talk
    about"being on the same wavelength".It generally takes time to reach this point;
    sometimes people"click"immediately.The more intimately involved people become, the
    more they rely on one another.People want to do friends favours and hate to let them
    down.Equally,friends have to learn to make allowances for each other,to put up with
    irritating habits,and to tolerate differences of opinion.Imagine going camping with
    someone you occasionally meet for a drink!
    In contrast with marriage,there are no friendship ceremonies,no rituals to strengthen
    the association between two people.But the mutual support and understanding that results
    from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can
    overcome differences in background,and break down barriers of age,class or race.

    The degree of intimacy between friends is largely determined by their social status.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案：B
    解析：

  • 第18题：

    Cats are creatures of habit.They like to go to sleep about the same time every day and for a certain length of time.They seem to have a natural clock inside them that tells them when to sleep.
    Cats increase their regular sleep with occasional cat naps（打盹）.Some experts feel that humans could also benefit from this habit.Cat naps help to build up energy in the body.They are also a good way to get rid of trouble!Since cats have the same moods（情绪）as humans,some experts behave that people can improve their moods.People might become happier.
    A number of famous people have copied cats by taking cat naps during the day.The naps would usually last from 15 to 30 minutes.
    Winston Churchill took cat naps.So did Presidents Harry Truman,John F.Kennedy and Lyndon B.Johnson.These famous men were known for their energy.They were also able to work long hours,often into the night.Napping was their secret.
    Perhaps more people learn from cats and take naps to feel better and live longer!

    This selection was probably written to__________.

    A.show how lazy cats are
    B.talk about the habits of cats
    C.tell about famous people and their habits
    D.persuade people to take naps

    答案：D
    解析：
    考情点拨:推理判断题。应试指导:全文讲述打盹的好处，所以本文的目的是劝人们学会打盹。

  • 第19题：

    The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in（）and vocabulary.

    • A、usage
    • B、grammar
    • C、pronunciation
    • D、structure

    正确答案:C

  • 第20题：

    问答题
    ◆Topic 6: Is International Tourism an Effective Bridge of Different Nations?　　Questions for Reference:　　1. Why do you think people like to take an international tourism?　　2. What kind of situation are the travelers most likely to be faced with when they get on an international tourism?　　3. The international tourism does not promote understanding between people from different cultures. Do you agree?

    正确答案： 【参考答案】
    Every year, hundreds of millions of people move around to see a different part of the world. It is natural to assume that tourists who have seen other countries have a better knowledge of the people. That assumption also leads to the conclusion that international tourism promotes understanding between nations. How true is this? Let us examine what tourists do in a different country.
    First, before going abroad, tourists are often told by their travel agents of the possible hazards which sometimes include local people. They are given example of extreme cases where victims are always the travelers. Then, when they arrive, they are immediately taken to their hotels in big coaches. They flood places where local people don’t go. Their shopping, meals, entertainment all take place in secluded areas. They wear a bubble all the way. Apart from speaking to the guide and a few shop assistants, tourists rarely talk to the local people. To make it even worse, they meet pickpockets; they are ripped off by dishonest traders.
    Furthermore, very few local people bother to talk to them out of a genuine interest in the guests’ country, people and culture. Therefore, when asked how much they know about the local people, their answer is “very little”.
    If someone really wants to understand a different culture, he has to learn its language, stay there for at least a few month without wearing a bubble, learn how to curse and swear, bargain with a vegetable vendor and then he can say that he understands the people.
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第21题：

    单选题
    There are radical differences between binary and decimal _____.
    A

    division

    B

    distribution

    C

    multiplication

    D

    numeration


    正确答案： D
    解析：
    句意：二进制数和十进制数之间有根本的区别。numeration计算，读数法。division区分，除法。distribution分发，分配。multiplication乘法，增加。

  • 第22题：

    单选题
    Can you______the differences between the two pictures?
    A

    tell

    B

    talk

    C

    speak

    D

    say


    正确答案： B
    解析：

  • 第23题：

    单选题
    I'd like to take（）of this opportunity to thank all of you for your efforts.
    A

    profit

    B

    benefit

    C

    occasion

    D

    advantage


    正确答案： D
    解析： 暂无解析

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