When __________be was he had become a famous artist．A．his early thirtyB．in one’S early thirtiesC．his early thirtiesD．in his early thirties
题目
When __________be was he had become a famous artist．
A．his early thirty
B．in one’S early thirties
C．his early thirties
D．in his early thirties
相似考题
更多“When __________be was he had become a famous artist.A.his early thirty B.in one’S ”相关问题
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第1题：
B
Jack is a famous writer now．But he said he was not a good student when he was young．He was often late for class and didn’t like doing his homework． Sometimes he slept in class while the teacher was teaching．He didn't understand much, but he always thought he under-stood everything．．
One day the teacher asked the students a question, "When John was ten years old, his brother was twenty． John is fifteen now and how old is his brother?" Jack answered, "That's easy． His brother is twice as old as John, so he is now thirty． "
Another time, the teacher in a science class asked, "When it thunders(打雷) , why do we always see the light before we hear the sound? "But, Miss White," said Jack quickly, "can't you ．see our eyes are in front of our ears?"
The third time, the teacher in a biology class asked, "Why can fish swim in the water?" "But, Miss White," said Jack quickly, "don't you know fish can-t walk on land?"
( )26．Jack was not ________． when he was young．
A．strong
B．lazy
C．clever
D．well
正确答案：C
26.C【解析】由第一段可知Jack小时候并不聪明，也不勤奋，故选C. -
第2题：
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Louis was famous for his discovery.
B. Though his left arm and leg were disabled(残疾的), he worked even harder than before.
C. In his childhood he made up his mind to become a doctor.
D. His disabled left arm and leg had nothing to do with the mad dogs.
正确答案：C此题为三正一误的细节题。在短文中没有说明巴斯德是否决心成为一名医生，只是提到他得到了博士学位。因为英语中doctor一词有两个含义：医生和博士。
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第3题：
By saying "Let's hope that this time it really will be the last one", the father meant that ______.
A. he wished people had not built the bonfire
B. he hoped people would not build any more bonfires
C. he hoped there would be no more wars in the world
D. he wished the Second World War had not happened
正确答案：C
43．文章最后一段提到作者的父亲参加过第一次世界大战，并且当第一次世界大战结束时似乎也有过这样的庆祝。但这并未阻止第二次世界大战的爆发。因此，当人们第二次庆祝世界大战的结束时，父亲发出深深的忧虑和期盼：真希望世界不会再有战争。选项 C是正确的。 -
第4题：
He ________ get up early while he was in the middle school.
A、was used
B、used to
C、got used to
D、become used to
参考答案：B
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第5题：
Passage Four
"Cool" is a word with many meanings. Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold. As the world has changed, the word has had many different meanings.
"Cool" can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything. When you see a famous car in the street, maybe you will say, "It's cool. ' You may think, "He's so cool," when you see your favorite football player.
We all maximize (扩大) the meaning of "cool". You can use it instead of many words such as "new" or "surprising". Here's an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used. A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall (瀑布) they had visited. On one student's paper was just the one sentence, "It's so cool." Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt.
But the story also shows a scarcity of words. Without "cool", some people have no words to show the same meaning. So it is quite important to keep some credibility (可信性). Can you think of many other words that make your life as colorful as the word "cool"? I can. And I think they are also very cool.
46. We know that the word "cool" has had______.
A. only one meaning
B. no meanings
C. the same meaning
D. many different meanings
正确答案：D46．答案为D 从短文第一段As the world has changed，the word has had many different meanings可知cool有很多不同的意思，D为正确选项。
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第6题：
共用题干
For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, _________(51)known to tourists as beefeaters.David,64,lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the_______(52)of the Byward Tower,one of the gatehouses."_________(53)our bedroom we have a marvelous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames",says David.
The Tower of London is famous__________(54)its ravens,the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries.David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was _________(55)the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no_________(56)in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always_________(57)of the fact that I am _________(58)a tradition.The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower,England will fall to enemies,and it's my job to__________(59)sure this doesn't happen!"
David________(60)about four hours a day to the care of the ravens.He has grown to love them and the_________(61)that he lives right next to them is ideal."1 can_________(62)a close eye on them all the time,and not just when I'm working."_________(63),David's wife Mo was not __________ (64)on the idea of life in the Tower,but she too will he sad to leave when he retires next year."When we look out of our windows,we see history_________(65)around us,and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."_________(62)
A:hold
B:have
C:keep
D:put答案：C解析：该句的意思是“作为伦敦塔的守卫者之一，David Cope在那里工作了近17 年，被游客们称为伦敦塔守卫”, better known是固定搭配，意思是“更知名的”，其他选项和 known都不能搭配，因此选择B项。
height意为“高度”, summit意为“最高点”,peak意为“顶峰”, top意为“顶端”。本句是说“David今年64岁，生活在Byward塔顶部的一个三居室的公寓里，那里是一处警卫室”，因此选择D项。
本句含义是“从卧室向外，我们可以看到伦敦塔桥和泰晤士河的美景”。因此介词from是最合适的，选项C是正确的。
该句意思是“伦敦塔以黑色的大鸟——乌鸦而出名”, be famous for是固定搭配，因此选择A项。
award意为“授予，奖给”, apply意为“应用，申请”, present意为“提出，介绍”, offer意为“提供，给予”。本句是说“八年前当提供给他乌鸦主人的职位时他毫不犹豫地接受了”，因此选择D项。
regret意为“后悔”, delay意为“延误”, hesitation意为“犹豫” , choice意为 “选择”。因此选择C项。
be aware of是固定搭配，意思是“意识到”。本句意思是“这种鸟现在已经成为我的生命，我总是感觉到我在保持一个传统”，选择A项。
前三个选项用作及物动词，hold表示“抓住”, maintain意为“保持”, survive表示“存活，幸存”，而last作不及物动词时表示“持续”，作及物动词时表示“经受住”。选择B项。
make sure是固定搭配，意为“确保”。该句意思是“我的工作就是确保这种情况不会发生”，因此选择B项。
devote的意思是“把······奉献给”;spend后面需加动词ing形式，因此排除：pass表示“经过”, provide表示“提供”。本句是说“David每天大约用四个小时的时间来照料这些乌鸦”，因此应该选择A项。
该句意思是“他已经爱上了它们，而紧挨在它们的旁边生活是他最佳选择”。reason意思是“原因”, chance意思是“机会”, opportunity意思跟chance相同，fact意思是’ “事实真相”。因此选项D最合适。
本句的意思是“我可以一直密切关注它们”, keep a close eye on是固定搭配，意思是“留心瞧着，注意”。
该句意思“起初，David的妻子Mo对生活在塔里的想法并不热衷”, firstly 意为“第一，首先”, first of all意为“首先”,at first意为“最初”,first意为“第一”，因此选项C符合题意。
be keen on是固定搭配，意思是“对······感兴趣” , interest后面跟介词in, fond后应跟介词of。因此选项B最合适。
该句是说“我们看到历史环绕在我们身边”。因此all最合适，选择B项。 -
第7题：
As far back as he could remember,Larry had longed to go to Hollywood and become a film star．The young man's hopes for success were broken again and again,however．Hollywood just did not seem interested．When he first came to California Larry had decided never to give up and return home without success．Therefore,he kept on trying．Someday,he told himself,his big opportunity would come.
Larry found a job parking cars for one of Hollywood's big restaurants．His pay was basic,but since the guests were kind enough to give him more money,he managed to make a living.
One day he recognized an important film director driving into the parking lot and getting out of his car．Larry had recently heard that the man was ready to make a new picture.
Larry got into the car and prepared to drive it on into the lot and park it．Then he stopped,jumped out,and ran over to the director．"Excuse me,sir,but I think it's only fair to tell you that it's now or never if you want me in your next picture．A lot of big companies are after me."
Instead of pushing away the boy,the director got interested in Larry's words and stopped．"Yes?
Which companies?"he asked.
"Well,"replied the boy,"there's the telephone company,the gas company,and the electric company,to tell you only a few."
The director laughed,then wrote something on a card and handed it to the young man．"Come and see me tomorrow."
Larry got a small part in the director's next film．He was on his way!
After reading the story what can we infer about the film director?A.He wanted to laugh at Larr
B.He recognized Larry at first sigh
C.He was kind and gave Larry a tr
D.He thought Larry would become a sta答案：C解析：通过两个人的对话可以看出。 -
第8题：
____ just six months ago, Finson’s Grill has quickly become one of the most popular restaurants in Detion.A.Opened
B.Had been opening
C.Been opened
D.To open答案：A解析：四个选项是动词open的几种时态。A选项为一般过去时；B选项为过去完成时；C选项为被动语态，意为“被打开”；D选项为一般将来时。题目意为“六个月前刚刚___的芬森的烧烤店很快就成为Detion最受欢迎的餐厅之一。”时间状语是six months ago，为过去时，因此选A。
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第9题：
共用题干
A Minor Microsurgery Last year,Sean Martinovich,from Whitianga,had life-saving surgery when a golf-sized tumor was removed from his brain stem.But the operation left half his face paralysed.He talked with a slur,sometimes dribbled（流 口水）out of the side of his mouth and could not close his eye properly.Although he could run around with the other boys in the playground,when they laughed he could not laugh with them.Without a smile,he could suffer psychologically and emotionally. Last week,6-year-old Sean had seven hours of microsurgery that should give him back his smile.Doctor Bartlett removed a nerve from the back of one of Sean's legs and transplanted it into his face.On the normal side of his face the nerve divides into lots of little branches."We'll cut those nerve branches and then we'll take a nerve graft from one leg and tunnel it across his face from one side to the other and join that on to the nerve that' s been cut on the good side of his face."Doctor Bartlett said before the operation."If this was not fixed he conld face physical and emotional problems as he got older,"Doctor Bartlett said."Socially people can become quite withdrawn because of the face paralysis.It's easy for people,especially children,to become rather emotionless because they prefer the flatness of no movement on either side to the weirdness of an asymmetry of smiling on one side and having this twisted face." Sean is not smiling yet.Over the next six months the nerves will grow across the face to the damaged side and after that movement will hopefully come back.Sean's parents,Steve and Wendy Martinovich,said they had been through a year of hell.But their son was a determined boy who just got on with it,said Mrs Martinovich.They are amazed at the technology that they hope will restore the cheeky smile they love so much.For Doctor Bartlett the microsurgery is almost routine.For Sean's parents,it is a miracle.The word"paralysed"in Paragraph 1 most probably means______.
A:slur dribbled
B:lost of feeling in or control of body muscles
C:unable to open one's mouth
D:psychologically and emotionally disabled答案：B解析：第一段第一句表明，Sean是在去年做的手术；第二段第一句表明，上周Sean的年龄为6岁。所以去年手术时、Sean的年龄应为5岁。
第一段第三句表明，Sean谈吐不清，有时会流口水，还不能正常地闭眼睛；第一段最后一句说明他不能微笑。综合这些可推知，" paralysed"、的意思为“瘫痪的”，也就是失去了感觉和对肌肉的控制。
根据第二段第四句引用的Bartlett医生的话语可知，移植到Sean脸上的神经来自于他的腿上。
由第二段最后两句引用Bartlett医生的话语可知，由于面部瘫痪，人们会变得很内向。特别是孩子，宁愿与面无表情的人接触，也会远离只有半边脸微笑的不对称表情。由此推测，Sean可能为了避免让别人发现他那不对称的微笑而采取躲避的方法，这会引起一系列生理问题和心理问题。
第三段倒数第二句说明，对于Bartlett医生来说，微创手术是“routine"（日常工作），可见微创手术对Bartlett医生来说是一件很容易的事。 -
第10题：
单选题One might infer from the passage that Hemingway preferred which one of the following sources for his novels and short stories?AStories that he had heard from friends or chance acquaintances
BStories that he had read about in newspapers or other secondary sources
CStories that came to him in periods of meditation or in dream
DStories that he had lived rather than read about
EHemingway’s obsession for geographic details progressively overshadowed the dramatic element of his stories
正确答案： E解析：
从“he was ordinarily unwilling to admit secondary evidence, whether literary evidence or evidence picked up from other sources than his own experience”可知他只相信自己的经验。 -
第11题：
填空题Carey Graham’s mother was his special teacher when he started Grade One.____正确答案： A解析：
由题干信息定位到A段。本段指出Grahame有一位非常特别的老师，然后指出，这位特别的老师是他的妈妈，故匹配段落为A段。 -
第12题：
单选题One most plausible reason that the author’s father did not panic when he cut himself is _____.AHe had served in the army
BHe was the head of the family
CHe tried to maintain his authority
DHe was an expert on blood
正确答案： D解析：
文章第四段第一句话写到“Being a hematologist, my father didn’t panic.”这里提到了作者父亲的职业是一位血液学家，D正确。 -
第13题：
A small boy was walking (51) a street in London． His name was Tom．It was a cold winter day in 1900．(52) he could not have breakfast or lunch． He didn't have any money． His father died(死了)when he was very young． His mother was often ill，so she couldn’t (53) Tom and his brother，Mike． Both of them had to work to help their mother． He was small but his dream(梦想)was very (54) ． His wish was to be a famous actor． He worked very hard to sing and dance (55 ) ．
One day，a man came to him and asked，" (56) in my film?""Certainly，"he answered．
And he did his (57)in it． Many people said，"We have never seen such an (58)． film．"Thirty years (59 ) ，this boy was among (60) famous people in the world． He made many interesting films，and lots of people admired him．
( )51．
A．along
B．for
C．with
D．to
正确答案：A
51．A【解斩】walk along a street“沿着街走”。 -
第14题：
About 150 years ago，a musician sat quietly at a concert in Vienna. He was playing his new symphony. He couldn‘t (11) that the audience were clapping wildly. He was deaf. He was Beethoven，one of the greatest musicians who ever lived.
Beethoven wrote about 300 (12) of music. He wrote some of his most beautiful pieces after he became deaf. It is hard for anyone to be deaf. But it is even worse for a musician than for (13) else. Think of not being able to hear the music you have written!
As a child Beethoven did not have a happy life. His father drank (14) .When the boy was only four，his father decided to make a musician (15) him. Hour after hour he had to practice (16) the violin. He learned so fast that he was able to make a concert tour when he was eleven. When he was seventeen，the great Mozart praised him. After he studied with Haydn. Beethoven was writing a great deal of music (17) .
Beethoven had an ugly face and a bad temper. He was often invited (18) the homes of wealthy people. They forgave him when his temper flared up. Illness made him become deaf when he was (19) thirty-one.
Beethoven wrote long pieces and short ones，gentle ones and (20) ones.
A. hear
B. listen
C. listen to
D. hear of
正确答案：D
[解析] hear表示听见，认真地听，故选D。
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第15题：
He had a clear ( )of the examination result when he saw his daughter’s face.A、news
B、idea
C、thought
D、report
参考答案：B
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第16题：
Hardly _______ on stage _____ the audience started cheering.A、he had come/than
B、he had come/when
C、had he come/than
D、had he come/when
正确答案:D
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第17题：
A young man was getting ready to graduate from college, for many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealer's showroom, and 21 his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted．
On the morning of his graduation day, his father called him into his own study and told him how 22 he was to have such a fine son. He handed his son a beautiful gift box. Curious but slightly disappointed, the young man 23 the box and found a lovely book. Angrily, he raised his voice at his father and said．" 24 all your money you give me a book? " And rushed out of the house leaving the book in the study.
He did not contact his father for a whole year 25 one day he saw in the street an old man who looked like his father. He realized he had to go back home and see his father.
When he arrived at his father's house, he was told that his father had been in hospital for a week. The moment he was about to 26 the hospital. He saw on the desk the still new book, just as he had left it one 27ago. He opened it and began to turn the pages. Suddenly, a car key 28 from an envelope taped behind the book, it had a tag with dealer's name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had 29 on the tag was the date of his graduation, and the 30 :
PAID IN FULL.
____21___A.finding
B.proving
C.deciding
D.knowing答案：D解析：考查动词辨析。通过“he told him that was all he wanted．"可知此处应为知道的意思．选D。 -
第18题：
Tom had once worked in a city office in London,but now he is out of work.He had a large family?to support,so he often found himself in difficulty.He often visited Mr.White on Sundays,told him about?his troubles,and asked for two or three pounds.
Mr.White,a man with a kind heart,found it difficult to refuse the money,though he himself?was poor.Tom had already received more than thirty pounds from Mr.White,but he always seemed?to be in need of some more.
One day,after telling Mr.White a long story of his troubles,Tom asked for five pounds.
Mr.White had heard this sort of thing before,but he listened patiently to the end.Then he?said,"I understand your difficulties,Tom.I′d like to help you.But I′m not going to give you five?pounds this time.I′11 lend you the money,and you can pay me off next time you see me."
Tom took the money,but he never appeared again.
Altogether Tom received__________from Mr.White.A.at least thirty-five pounds
B.exactly thirty-five pounds
C.less than thirty pounds
D.five pounds答案：A解析：【考情点拨】事实细节题。【应试指导】文章第二段第二句指出，汤姆从怀特先生那儿总共得到30多英镑，再加上后来的5英镑，至少35英镑。 -
第19题：
As far back as he could remember,Larry had longed to go to Hollywood and become a film star．The young man's hopes for success were broken again and again,however．Hollywood just did not seem interested．When he first came to California Larry had decided never to give up and return home without success．Therefore,he kept on trying．Someday,he told himself,his big opportunity would come.
Larry found a job parking cars for one of Hollywood's big restaurants．His pay was basic,but since the guests were kind enough to give him more money,he managed to make a living.
One day he recognized an important film director driving into the parking lot and getting out of his car．Larry had recently heard that the man was ready to make a new picture.
Larry got into the car and prepared to drive it on into the lot and park it．Then he stopped,jumped out,and ran over to the director．"Excuse me,sir,but I think it's only fair to tell you that it's now or never if you want me in your next picture．A lot of big companies are after me."
Instead of pushing away the boy,the director got interested in Larry's words and stopped．"Yes?
Which companies?"he asked.
"Well,"replied the boy,"there's the telephone company,the gas company,and the electric company,to tell you only a few."
The director laughed,then wrote something on a card and handed it to the young man．"Come and see me tomorrow."
Larry got a small part in the director's next film．He was on his way!
He was on his wayrefers to the fact that__.A.he gave up and returned home
B.he began to work towards success
C.he took a journey to Hollywood
D.he had difficulties in playing the small part答案：B解析：因为Larry有机会出演一个角色，这是他通往成功的开始。 -
第20题：
共用题干
A Minor Microsurgery Last year,Sean Martinovich,from Whitianga,had life-saving surgery when a golf-sized tumor was removed from his brain stem.But the operation left half his face paralysed.He talked with a slur,sometimes dribbled（流 口水）out of the side of his mouth and could not close his eye properly.Although he could run around with the other boys in the playground,when they laughed he could not laugh with them.Without a smile,he could suffer psychologically and emotionally. Last week,6-year-old Sean had seven hours of microsurgery that should give him back his smile.Doctor Bartlett removed a nerve from the back of one of Sean's legs and transplanted it into his face.On the normal side of his face the nerve divides into lots of little branches."We'll cut those nerve branches and then we'll take a nerve graft from one leg and tunnel it across his face from one side to the other and join that on to the nerve that' s been cut on the good side of his face."Doctor Bartlett said before the operation."If this was not fixed he conld face physical and emotional problems as he got older,"Doctor Bartlett said."Socially people can become quite withdrawn because of the face paralysis.It's easy for people,especially children,to become rather emotionless because they prefer the flatness of no movement on either side to the weirdness of an asymmetry of smiling on one side and having this twisted face." Sean is not smiling yet.Over the next six months the nerves will grow across the face to the damaged side and after that movement will hopefully come back.Sean's parents,Steve and Wendy Martinovich,said they had been through a year of hell.But their son was a determined boy who just got on with it,said Mrs Martinovich.They are amazed at the technology that they hope will restore the cheeky smile they love so much.For Doctor Bartlett the microsurgery is almost routine.For Sean's parents,it is a miracle.How old was Sean Martinovich when the golf-sized tumor was removed from his brain stem?
A:4 years old.
B:5 years old.
C:6 years old.
D:7 years old.答案：B解析：第一段第一句表明，Sean是在去年做的手术；第二段第一句表明，上周Sean的年龄为6岁。所以去年手术时、Sean的年龄应为5岁。
第一段第三句表明，Sean谈吐不清，有时会流口水，还不能正常地闭眼睛；第一段最后一句说明他不能微笑。综合这些可推知，" paralysed"、的意思为“瘫痪的”，也就是失去了感觉和对肌肉的控制。
根据第二段第四句引用的Bartlett医生的话语可知，移植到Sean脸上的神经来自于他的腿上。
由第二段最后两句引用Bartlett医生的话语可知，由于面部瘫痪，人们会变得很内向。特别是孩子，宁愿与面无表情的人接触，也会远离只有半边脸微笑的不对称表情。由此推测，Sean可能为了避免让别人发现他那不对称的微笑而采取躲避的方法，这会引起一系列生理问题和心理问题。
第三段倒数第二句说明，对于Bartlett医生来说，微创手术是“routine"（日常工作），可见微创手术对Bartlett医生来说是一件很容易的事。 -
第21题：
共用题干
A Minor Microsurgery Last year,Sean Martinovich,from Whitianga,had life-saving surgery when a golf-sized tumor was removed from his brain stem.But the operation left half his face paralysed.He talked with a slur,sometimes dribbled（流 口水）out of the side of his mouth and could not close his eye properly.Although he could run around with the other boys in the playground,when they laughed he could not laugh with them.Without a smile,he could suffer psychologically and emotionally. Last week,6-year-old Sean had seven hours of microsurgery that should give him back his smile.Doctor Bartlett removed a nerve from the back of one of Sean's legs and transplanted it into his face.On the normal side of his face the nerve divides into lots of little branches."We'll cut those nerve branches and then we'll take a nerve graft from one leg and tunnel it across his face from one side to the other and join that on to the nerve that' s been cut on the good side of his face."Doctor Bartlett said before the operation."If this was not fixed he conld face physical and emotional problems as he got older,"Doctor Bartlett said."Socially people can become quite withdrawn because of the face paralysis.It's easy for people,especially children,to become rather emotionless because they prefer the flatness of no movement on either side to the weirdness of an asymmetry of smiling on one side and having this twisted face." Sean is not smiling yet.Over the next six months the nerves will grow across the face to the damaged side and after that movement will hopefully come back.Sean's parents,Steve and Wendy Martinovich,said they had been through a year of hell.But their son was a determined boy who just got on with it,said Mrs Martinovich.They are amazed at the technology that they hope will restore the cheeky smile they love so much.For Doctor Bartlett the microsurgery is almost routine.For Sean's parents,it is a miracle.Why?
A:Because he may not want others to see the weirdness of an asymmetry of smiling on one side,sohe will choose to withdraw.
B:Because other children will be scared to see his face.
C:Because he will be through time of hell.
D:Because other children will refuse to talk or play with him.答案：A解析：第一段第一句表明，Sean是在去年做的手术；第二段第一句表明，上周Sean的年龄为6岁。所以去年手术时、Sean的年龄应为5岁。
第一段第三句表明，Sean谈吐不清，有时会流口水，还不能正常地闭眼睛；第一段最后一句说明他不能微笑。综合这些可推知，" paralysed"、的意思为“瘫痪的”，也就是失去了感觉和对肌肉的控制。
根据第二段第四句引用的Bartlett医生的话语可知，移植到Sean脸上的神经来自于他的腿上。
由第二段最后两句引用Bartlett医生的话语可知，由于面部瘫痪，人们会变得很内向。特别是孩子，宁愿与面无表情的人接触，也会远离只有半边脸微笑的不对称表情。由此推测，Sean可能为了避免让别人发现他那不对称的微笑而采取躲避的方法，这会引起一系列生理问题和心理问题。
第三段倒数第二句说明，对于Bartlett医生来说，微创手术是“routine"（日常工作），可见微创手术对Bartlett医生来说是一件很容易的事。 -
第22题：
填空题When did the family car become common in America?In the early ____.正确答案： 20th century解析：
细节题。从听力原文中“The family Car has been a common thing in the early 20th century”可知，家用车在美国流行的时间是在二十世纪的时候，故此处应该是20th century。 -
第23题：
问答题Practice 1 Well before his death, Peter Drucker had already become a legend. Over his 95 prolific years, he had been a true Renaissance mail, and teacher of religion, philosophy and political science. But his most important contribution, clearly, is in business. What John Keynes is to economics, Drucker is to management. In the l980s Peter Dmcker began to have grave doubts about business and even capitalism itself. He no longer saw the corporation as the ideal space to create community. In fact, he saw nearly the opposite: a place where self-interest had triumphed over the egalitarian principles he long championed. In both his writings and speeches, Drucker emerged as one of Corporate America's most important critics. When conglomerates were the rage, he preached against reckless mergers and acquisitions. When executives were engaged in empire-building，he argued against excess staff and the inefficiencies of numerous “assistants to.” In a 1984 essay he persuasively argued that CEO pay had rocketed out of control and implored boards to hold CEO compensation to no more than 20 times what the rank and file made. He maintained that multi-million-dollar severance packages had perverted management's ability to look out anything but itself. What particularly enraged him was the tendency of corporate managers to reap massive earnings while firing thousands of their workers. “This is morally and socially unforgivable,” wrote Drucker, “and we will pay a heavy price for it.”正确答案： 【参考译文】
彼得·德鲁克在去世前早就是一个传奇人物。在其著述甚丰的95年岁月里,他是一个真正意义上的开创性人物、宗教、哲学和政治学的导师。但是,显而易见他最重要的贡献是在工商领域。犹如凯恩斯之于经济学,德鲁克则之于工商管理。
上个世纪80年代,德鲁克开始对工商业乃至资本主义制度本身产生了深深的怀疑。他不再把公司看作是创建社团的理想之所。事实上,他看到的几乎是相反的一面:在公司里一己私利胜过他长期捍卫的平等原则。在他的著述和演讲中,他都表现出自己是公司化美国最重要的批判者之一。在联合大企业风靡之时,他竭力反对不顾后果的兼并和收购。当企业主管人员从事建立帝国的时候,他据理反对人员超编以及众多的“助理”没有效率。
在1984年所写的一篇文章中,他令人信服地指出首席执行官的薪水上涨已失控,恳请董事会将他们的报酬控制在普通员工所得的20倍以内。他认为高达数百万美元的离职金已经将管理层引入歧途,使得他们只顾及自身利益。特别令其愤怒不已的是这样一种倾向,即公司经理人在解雇数以千计的工人的同时却攫取巨大的收益。他写道:“这样做在道德上、社会道义上是不可原谅的。我们将为此付出沉重的代价。”解析： 暂无解析