问答题Practice 10 Every British citizen who is employed (or self-employed) is obliged to pay a weekly contribution to the national insurance and health schemes. An employer also makes a contribution for each of his employees, and the Government too pays a c
题目
问答题
Practice 10 Every British citizen who is employed (or self-employed) is obliged to pay a weekly contribution to the national insurance and health schemes. An employer also makes a contribution for each of his employees, and the Government too pays a certain amount. This plan was brought into being in 1948. Its aim is to prevent anyone from going without medical services, if he needs them, however poor he may be; to ensure that a person who is out of work shall receive a weekly sum of money to subsist on; and to provide a small pension for those who have reached the age of retirement. Everyone can register with a doctor of his choice and if he is ill he can consult the doctor without having to pay for the doctor's service, although he has to pay a small charge for medicines. The doctor may, if necessary, send a patient to a specialist, or to hospital~ in both cases treatment will be given without any fees being payable. Those who wish may become private patients, paying for their treatment, but they must still pay their contributions to the national insurance and health schemes.
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【参考译文】
每一个有工作(或个体经营)的英国公民必须每周缴纳国民保险费和医疗保险费。雇主也要为每一个雇员付保险费,还有政府也为此出一部分钱。这一计划是在1948年出台的,其目的是使任何需要就医的人(不管他多穷)都得到医治,确保每一个失业者每个星期都能领到一份救济金,并为到了退休年龄的人提供数额不大的退休金。
每个人都可以在他所选择的医生处登记,如果有病就可以请该医生看病而不必支付就诊费,只需付少量的药费。在必要的时候,医生可以将病人转给专科医生或医院;无论是在专科诊所还是在医院,病人都得到治疗,而不必支付任何费用。想请私人医生的人可以由私人医生看病,费用自理,但他们仍然必须缴纳国民保险金和医疗保险金。
每一个有工作(或个体经营)的英国公民必须每周缴纳国民保险费和医疗保险费。雇主也要为每一个雇员付保险费,还有政府也为此出一部分钱。这一计划是在1948年出台的,其目的是使任何需要就医的人(不管他多穷)都得到医治,确保每一个失业者每个星期都能领到一份救济金,并为到了退休年龄的人提供数额不大的退休金。
每个人都可以在他所选择的医生处登记,如果有病就可以请该医生看病而不必支付就诊费,只需付少量的药费。在必要的时候,医生可以将病人转给专科医生或医院;无论是在专科诊所还是在医院,病人都得到治疗,而不必支付任何费用。想请私人医生的人可以由私人医生看病,费用自理,但他们仍然必须缴纳国民保险金和医疗保险金。
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第1题：
共用题干
Health Care in the US
Health care in the US is well-known but very expensive.Paying the doctor's bill after a
major illness or accident can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.
In the US,a person's company,not the government,pays for health insurance.
Employers have contracts with insurance companies,which pay for all or part of employees'
doctors' bills.
The amount that the insurance company will pay out to a patient differs wildly. It all depends
on what insurance the employer pays.The less the boss pays to the insurance company,the
more the employee has to pay the hospital each time he or she gets sick. In 2004,the average
worker paid an extra US$558 a year,according to a San Francisco report.
The system also means many Americans fall through the cracks（遭遗漏）.In 2004,
only 61 percent of the population received health insurance through their employers,
according to the report. The unemployed,self-employed,part-time workers and graduated
students with no jobs were not included,
Most US university students have a gap between their last day of school and their first
day on the job.Often,they are no longer protected by their parents' insurance because they
are now considered independent adults.They also cannot buy university health insurance because they
are no longer students.
Another group that falls through the gap of the US system is international students.All
are required to have health insurance and cannot begin their classes without it,But exact
policies（保险单）differ from school to school.
Most universities work with health insurance companies and sell their own standard plan
for students.Often,buying the school plan is required,but luckily it's also cheaper than
buying direct from the insurance company.The international students in the US work harder than the American students.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析： -
第2题：
共用题干
Health Insurance（保险）
Most Americans are responsible for their own medical costs.These can be extremely
high if a person gets very_________(1)or has an accident.So people buy a health
insurance plan to make sure these costs will be_________(2).
Most American colleges and universities have_________(3)health centers.There
may even be a teaching hospital that can treat more serious__________(4).
Some medical services may be included in the cost of attending a school.But health
insurance is usually needed for extra services._________(5)most full-time college
students must have insurance.
Students may already be protected under their family's health plan.If not,many
colleges offer_________(6)own plans.
The University of Michigan will be our example.Students pay a health service fee.
Then there is no extra charge when they are treated for minor__________(7)problems at
the University Health Center. But the school wants students to have health insurance to pay
_______(8)other services.
The insurance plan________(9)by the university costs about one thousand seven
hundred dollars a year. Such health insurance_________(10)generally pay for hospital
services,emergency room care and visits to doctors.They___________(11)do not pay
for care of the teeth.And they usually do not pay for treatment of medical conditions that
existed________(12)the student arrived at school.
International students at the University of Michigan have two________(13).They
can buy the university health plan.Or they can________(14)private insurance that is
approved by the university.
The school also offers a special International Student Insurance Plan.This pays for
most of the services offered__________(15)the University Health Center that are not
included in the health service fee._________(6)
A: our
B:its
C:his
D:their答案：D解析： -
第3题：
共用题干
Health Care in the US
Health care in the US is well-known but very expensive.Paying the doctor's bill after a
major illness or accident can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.
In the US,a person's company,not the government,pays for health insurance.
Employers have contracts with insurance companies,which pay for all or part of employees'
doctors' bills.
The amount that the insurance company will pay out to a patient differs wildly. It all depends
on what insurance the employer pays.The less the boss pays to the insurance company,the
more the employee has to pay the hospital each time he or she gets sick. In 2004,the average
worker paid an extra US$558 a year,according to a San Francisco report.
The system also means many Americans fall through the cracks（遭遗漏）.In 2004,
only 61 percent of the population received health insurance through their employers,
according to the report. The unemployed,self-employed,part-time workers and graduated
students with no jobs were not included,
Most US university students have a gap between their last day of school and their first
day on the job.Often,they are no longer protected by their parents' insurance because they
are now considered independent adults.They also cannot buy university health insurance because they
are no longer students.
Another group that falls through the gap of the US system is international students.All
are required to have health insurance and cannot begin their classes without it,But exact
policies（保险单）differ from school to school.
Most universities work with health insurance companies and sell their own standard plan
for students.Often,buying the school plan is required,but luckily it's also cheaper than
buying direct from the insurance company.The health care system in the US takes care of everyone in the country.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析： -
第4题：
Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.Uncertainty in the Health-Care Industry
B."All-Payer System"in Maryland
C.The Health-Care Reform Ignored
D.Medicare vs.Private Insurance答案：C解析：[信息锁定]文章首两段首先借列举立法议员们所忽略的医保改革领域实例引出全文话题“保险给付推高医疗费用，医疗费用因保险不同而价差很大”，第三段顺而补充这个被忽略领域问题产生的体制原因“医疗保健系统复杂而又混乱、医疗服务人员体系杂乱无章”，末三段介绍该问题应对措施“马里兰州统一支付方模式、其他州也纷纷立法减少医疗赞用价差”并做出点评”令人激动且极具创新性，却可能因当前共和党人医保改革取向而前路没漫、困难重重”。由此可见，全文都围绕着当前立法议员们所忽略的某一个医保改革领域（即．保险给付推高医疗费用，医疗拙用因保险不同而差异较大）展开，故C.正确。[解题技巧]A.源自第六段②句“不稳定性使得当前各州对于医疗费用差异问题的改革措施更加难以推行”，而该句意在说明“医疗费用差异问题的解决难度”而非“医疗保健行业的不稳定性”；B.利用第四五段中马里兰州的例子干扰，但这只是举例说明修正文中所探讨的问题的一种政策办法，无力概括全文；D.利用第二段提到的私人保险和联邦医疗保险的付费对比干扰，但此处的对比是为了说明“保险给付与医疗费用有关”．意在引出文章话题，并非全文重心。 -
第5题：
Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
We can learn that"all-payer system"in Maryland_____A.can be applied across the country
B.is harmful to Medicare patients
C.benefits uninsured and low-income patients
D.shifts doctors'attention from treatment to prevention答案：C解析：[信息锁定]根据题干关键词定位至第四五段。其中笫四段②句指出：马里兰州实施“相同治疗．相同费用”的统一收费模式；第五段②句指出：其他各州也在通过相关立法来减少医疗费用差异，尤其是针对那些因意外医疗账单而深受伤害的未投保患肴及低收入患者。由此可知，马里兰州统一支付方模式也有助于未投保患者及低收入患者.C.正确。[解题技巧]A.与第五段首句“这种模式虽令人耳目一新．但不一定适用于其他地方”相悖。B.源自第四段③句前半句“这种模式下联邦医疗保险所付费用高于其他各州”．但与后半句转折指出“但从长远看，这种方式可以省饯”及④句“重视治疗质量而非数量”的相悖。D.将第四段⑤⑥句暗藏文意“这一模式鼓励医生更注意预防”|iI1解为“这一模式使医生将注意力由治病转移到预防上”。 -
第6题：
资料：（一）
Insurance is the sharing of risks, Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire, the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea；the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family the poorer. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a small sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss, In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the money. This is the basis of insurance, Those who pay the contribution are known as “insured”and those who administer the pool of contributions as ”insurers”.
Not all risks can be covered by insurance. Broadly speaking, the ordinary risks of business and speculation cannot be covered. The risk that buyers will not buy goods at the prices offered is not of a kind that can be statistically estimated, and risks can only be insured against if they can be so estimated.
The legal basis of all insurance is the “policy”. This is a printed form of contract. It states that in return for the regular payment by the insured of a certain sum of money, called the “premium”, which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss, if the risk actually happens. The wording of policies, particularly in marine insurance, often seems very old-fashioned, but there is a sound reason of this. Over a large number of years, many law cases have been brought to clear up the meanings of doubtful phrases in policies. The law courts have given these phrases a definite and indisputable meaning, and to avoid future disputes the phrases have continued to be used in polices even when they have passed out of normal use in speech.
The phrase “the pool of contributions”in the first paragraph means______.A.the money paid by the insurers
B.the cost of administering insurance
C.the money paid by the insured
D.the amount of each premium答案：C解析：本题考查的是细节理解及词义替换。
【关键词】 "the pool of contribution”; in the first paragraph
【主题句】第1自然段 If these persons each put a small sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss. In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the money. This is the basis of insurance. Those who pay the contribution are known as "insured" and those who administer the pool of contributions as "insurers".如果这些人每人拿出一小笔钱来汇聚成一片汪洋，就会有足够的钱来满足少数的确遭受损失的人的需求。换言之，少数人的损失是由缴纳的钱来支付的，这是保险的基础。缴纳摊款的人被称为“被保险人”，而管理款项总额的人被称为“保险公司”。
【解析】本题的问题是“第1自然段中，短语 “the pool of contribution”（款项总额）的意思是_______”。 A选项“保险公司支付的款项”；B选项“管理保险的费用”；C选项“被保险人支付的款项”；D选项“每笔保险费的金额”。根据题目中关键词找到主题句，主题句中，短语"the pool of contribution”是使用了修辞手法，其实质就是保险费的总和，即被保险人支付的款项。故C选项正确。 -
第7题：
资料：（一）
Insurance is the sharing of risks, Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire, the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea；the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family the poorer. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a small sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss, In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the money. This is the basis of insurance, Those who pay the contribution are known as “insured”and those who administer the pool of contributions as ”insurers”.
Not all risks can be covered by insurance. Broadly speaking, the ordinary risks of business and speculation cannot be covered. The risk that buyers will not buy goods at the prices offered is not of a kind that can be statistically estimated, and risks can only be insured against if they can be so estimated.
The legal basis of all insurance is the “policy”. This is a printed form of contract. It states that in return for the regular payment by the insured of a certain sum of money, called the “premium”, which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss, if the risk actually happens. The wording of policies, particularly in marine insurance, often seems very old-fashioned, but there is a sound reason of this. Over a large number of years, many law cases have been brought to clear up the meanings of doubtful phrases in policies. The law courts have given these phrases a definite and indisputable meaning, and to avoid future disputes the phrases have continued to be used in polices even when they have passed out of normal use in speech.
The insurance of businesses’ordinary risks is not possible because______.A.such risks are very expensive
B.such risks cannot be estimated precisely
C.such risks are too high
D.the premium would be too high答案：B解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】insurance of businesses ordinary risks; not possible; because
【主题句】第2自然段 Not all risks can be covered by insurance. Broadly speaking, the ordinary risks of business and speculation cannot be covered. The risk that buyers will not buy goods at the prices offered is not of a kind that can be statistically estimated, and risks can only be insured against if they can be so estimated.并非所有风险都可以投保。一般来说，普通商业风险和投机风险是不能投保的。买家不会以卖家所提供的价格购买商品这种风险不是一种可以在统计学上预估的风险，只有在风险可以预估的情况下才能对风险投保。
【解析】本题的问题是“对普通商业风险进行投保是不可行的，原因是_______”。 A选项“此类风险所需费用昂贵”；B选项“此类风险不能被准确预估”；C选项“此类风险发生率太高”；D选项“保险费用太高”。根据题目中关键词找到主题句，主题句中，解释了不能对普通商业风险进行投保的原因是无法预估此类风险，只有在风险可以预估的情况下才能对风险投保。故B选项正确。 -
第8题：
共用题干
The United States is a federal union of 50 states.The capital of national government is in Washington,D.C.The federal constitution sets up the structures of the national government and lists its powers and activities.The constitution gives Congress the authority to make laws which are necessary for the common defense and the good of the nation.It also gives the federal government the power to deal with national and international problems that involve more than one state._________(46)
_________(47)The legislative branch makes the laws;the executive branch carries out the laws;and the judicial branch interprets the laws.The President heads the executive branch and the Supreme Court heads the judicial branch.The legislative branch includes both houses of Congress一 the Senate and the House of Representatives._________(48)For example,Congress can pass a law; the President may sign it. Nevertheless,the Supreme Court can declare the law unconstitutional and nullify（取消）it.
__________(49)The President and the members of the Congress are elected directly.But the heads of federal departments and Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President. Every citizen votes in secret.__________(50)The people believe that their government should provide a framework of law and order within which they are left free to run their own lives._________（46）
A:The election of government takes place every four years.
B:The federal government has three branches:the executive,the legislative,and the judicial.
C: All the powers that are not given to the federal government by the constitution are the responsibility of the individual states.
D:The United States government is based on the principle of federalism,in which power is shared between the federal government and state governments.
E:Consequently,no one knows for sure whether his neighbor actually votes for or against a particular candidate.
F:The constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents one branch from gaining too much power.答案：C解析：本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。第一段介绍宪法的时候提到：The constitution gives Congress the authority to...，以及It also gives the federal government the power to…介绍完宪法赋予国会和联邦政府哪些权限之后，接下来需要介绍的就是宪法没有赋予联邦政府的权力都归于各个州政府。因此正确答案选C。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。本句之后的三句话中分别介绍了the legislative branch , the executive branch , the judicial branch这三个政府部门，因此第一句是对联邦政府的构成做一概括介绍。因此正确答案选B。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。在对联邦政府的三个部门介绍过后，根据之后提出的例子可以看到这里需要讲述的就是三个部门之间权力的分散制衡，宪法限制每个部门的权力以避免某个部门的权力过大。因此这里选F。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。该句后面讲述了总统（the President）以及国会成员（the members of the Congress）的选举以及联邦各部门的领导和最高法院法官（the heads of federal departments and Supreme Court judges）的任命方式。因此本题选A：政府的选举每四年举行一次。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。前句提到：Every citizen votes in secret．每个公民都秘密投票，因此导致的结果就是没有人能确切地知道他的邻居对于某个候选人投了支持票还是反对票。因此正确答案选E。 -
第9题：
Income Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production-namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP (Gross National Product) because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes , and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees. Whereas national income shows the income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to the government, and some money must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance contributions, but this money goes to government (which is not a factor of production), not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income. On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not money earned but money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy. The money people receive as personal income may be either spent or saved. However, not all spending is completely voluntary. A significant portion of our income goes to pay personal taxes. Most workers never receive the money they pay in personal taxes, because it is withheld from their paychecks. The money that individuals are left with after they have met their tax obligations is disposable personal income. Disposable income can be divided between personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. It is important to remember that personal saving is what is left after spending. It can be easily seen from this passage that the government levies tax on（）
- A、corporation profits
- B、every individual even though his income is very low
- C、those who work in joint ventures
- D、those who work in government departments
正确答案:A -
第10题：
单选题She was awarded the highest（）for his contribution to world peaceAprice
Bpress
Cprize
Dpride
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
单选题Most people in the United States buy insurance _____.Ato pay for their own medical care
Bto help to live on their low incomes
Cto improve the national health care service
Dto solve one of the important political problems
正确答案： B解析：
事实细节题。题目询问：“大多数美国人买保险的目的是什么？”从文章第二句“...but most people buy insurance to help pay for medical care”可知，大多数美国人买保险是为了支付医疗费，答案为A。 -
第12题：
问答题Practice 3 The United States is a federal union of 50 states. The District of Columbia is the seat of the national government. The Constitution outlines the structure of the national government and specifies its powers and activities. Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws. Within each state are counties, townships, cities and villages, each of which has its own elective government. All government in the United States is “of, by and for the people”. Members of Congress, the President, state officials, and those who govern counties and cities are elected by popular vote. Heads of federal departments are named by the President, and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials. Voting ballots are unsigned and marked by the voters in private booths so that no one else can find out for whom a citizen is voting. Public officials may be removed from office for failing to perform their duties properly as well as for serious violations of law.正确答案： 【参考译文】
美国是由50个州组成的联邦。哥伦比亚特区是全国政府的所在地。联邦宪法概括了全国政府的结构,并规定了其权力和职能。其他政府职能则由各个州来承担,各州都有自己的宪法和法律。州以下有县、镇、市、村,各有其民选政府。
美国的各级政府都是“民有、民治、民享”的政府。国会议员、总统、州政府官员以及县长、市长均由民众投票选举。联邦政府各部部长由总统任命,法官由人民直接选举,或者由选举出来的官员任命。选票不记名,由选民在隔离的投票站里圈出被选举人,这样就没有人会知道哪一个公民投了谁的票。严重违法以及不尽职守的政府官员可以被免职。解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
共用题干
Health Insurance（保险）
Most Americans are responsible for their own medical costs.These can be extremely
high if a person gets very_________(1)or has an accident.So people buy a health
insurance plan to make sure these costs will be_________(2).
Most American colleges and universities have_________(3)health centers.There
may even be a teaching hospital that can treat more serious__________(4).
Some medical services may be included in the cost of attending a school.But health
insurance is usually needed for extra services._________(5)most full-time college
students must have insurance.
Students may already be protected under their family's health plan.If not,many
colleges offer_________(6)own plans.
The University of Michigan will be our example.Students pay a health service fee.
Then there is no extra charge when they are treated for minor__________(7)problems at
the University Health Center. But the school wants students to have health insurance to pay
_______(8)other services.
The insurance plan________(9)by the university costs about one thousand seven
hundred dollars a year. Such health insurance_________(10)generally pay for hospital
services,emergency room care and visits to doctors.They___________(11)do not pay
for care of the teeth.And they usually do not pay for treatment of medical conditions that
existed________(12)the student arrived at school.
International students at the University of Michigan have two________(13).They
can buy the university health plan.Or they can________(14)private insurance that is
approved by the university.
The school also offers a special International Student Insurance Plan.This pays for
most of the services offered__________(15)the University Health Center that are not
included in the health service fee._________(10)
A:dollars
B: centers
C:plans
D: schools答案：C解析： -
第14题：
共用题干
Health care in the US is well known but very expensive.Paying the doctor's bill after a major illness or accident can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.
In the US,a person's company,not the government,pays for health insurance.Employers have contracts with insurance companies,which pay for all or part of employees' doctors' bills.
The amount that the insurance company will pay out to a patient differs wildly.It all depends on what insurance the employer pays.The less the boss pays to the insurance company,the more the employee has to pay the hospital each time he or she gets sick.In 2004,the average worker paid an extra $558 a year,according to a San Francisco report.
The system also means many Americans fall through the cracks（遭遗漏）.In 2004,only 61 percent of the population received health insurance through their employers,according to the report. The unemployed,self-employed,part-time workers and graduated students with no jobs were not included.
Most US university students have a gap between their last day of school and their first day on the job.Often,they are no longer protected by their parents' insurance because they are now considered independent adults.They also cannot buy university health insurance because they are no longer students.
Another group that falls through the gap of the US system is international students.All are required to have health insurance and cannot begin their classes without it. But exact policies（保险单）differ from school to school.
Most universities work with health insurance companies and sell their own standard plan for students.Often,buying the school plan is required,but luckily it's also cheaper than buying directly from the insurance company.All employees in the US have the same kind of health insurance.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：答案相关句在第二段：“Employers have contracts with insurance companies, which pay for all or part of employees' doctors' bills.”所以选A。
答案在第三段，保险公司支付给病人的金额有很大区别。这取决于雇主支付的保险费。雇主支付给保险公司的越少，员工每次看病时付给医院的就越多。因此，员工的医疗保险是不同的。
文章中没有相关信息说明2004年失业的大多数人是女性，所以选C。
答案相关句在文章第五段最后一句："They also cannot buy university health insurance because they are no longer students.”所以选B。
答案相关句在倒数第二段第二句："All are required to have health insurance and cannot begin their classes without it.”所以选A。
本文讲的是美国的健康保险。"The international students in the US work harder than the American students.”并未提到。因此选C。
文章的四、五、六段都在讲美国health care system遗漏的群体。因此选B。 -
第15题：
After discussing the terms of the new health-benefits contract, _____management and employees were satisfied.A. both
B. also
C. either
D. too答案：A解析： -
第16题：
Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
The wide variation in health-care prices is mainly caused by_____A.the vulnerable populations
B.the greedy hospitals
C.differences in treatment preferences
D.the disorganized provider networks答案：D解析：[信息锁定]第三段首先指出．这（This．指上一段提到的医院对私人保险患者收费高于联邦医疗保险患者，即医疗保健费用存在巨大差异）不是健全的医疗系统的遗产．而是极其复杂混乱的医疗保健系统的结果；继而指出这种混乱的系统并非贪婪的医院导致，而是混乱的医疗服务供应商网络的结果。由此可知，医疗保健费用的巨大差异根源于混乱的医疗服务供应商．D.正确。[解题技巧]A.、B.均源自第三段②句．其中A.由文意“这种医疗费用差异并非因贪婪医院从弱势群体身上榨取高额利润而致”曲解出“弱势群体（由于无力承担高昂费用而选择低廉费用）造成这种医疗费用的差异”，B.直接反向干扰；C.利用第二段末句!ypical emergency procedures（典型急诊手术）及常识“因治疗方式不同而医疗费用不同”没置干扰，而文中并未谈及治疗偏好问题。 -
第17题：
Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
The author's attitude toward reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress is one of_____A.pity
B.disapproval
C.understanding
D.expectation答案：B解析：[信息锁定]第六段首句指出：国会共和党人领头的改革让医疗保健行业忧心忡忡，足以威胁到各州领头的改革方案：而末句则对各州改革方案予以点评：激动人心、极具创新的改革。由此可知，作者对各州的改革持支持态度，而对于可能威胁到各州改革的国会共和党改革持不认同态度．B.正确。[解题技巧]A.将第六段末句作者对各州改革存在困难的遗憾之情（That's a shame）曲解为对国会共和党改革的态度。C.与作者在第六段首句表达的对共和党改革的不赞同态度（Unfortunatcly．，．）相悖。D.将第六段末句“这是令人激动的、极具创新的改革发生之处”中蕴含的对各州改革的期待之情曲解为对共和党改革的感情。 -
第18题：
资料：（一）
Insurance is the sharing of risks, Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire, the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea；the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family the poorer. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a small sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss, In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the money. This is the basis of insurance, Those who pay the contribution are known as “insured”and those who administer the pool of contributions as ”insurers”.
Not all risks can be covered by insurance. Broadly speaking, the ordinary risks of business and speculation cannot be covered. The risk that buyers will not buy goods at the prices offered is not of a kind that can be statistically estimated, and risks can only be insured against if they can be so estimated.
The legal basis of all insurance is the “policy”. This is a printed form of contract. It states that in return for the regular payment by the insured of a certain sum of money, called the “premium”, which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss, if the risk actually happens. The wording of policies, particularly in marine insurance, often seems very old-fashioned, but there is a sound reason of this. Over a large number of years, many law cases have been brought to clear up the meanings of doubtful phrases in policies. The law courts have given these phrases a definite and indisputable meaning, and to avoid future disputes the phrases have continued to be used in polices even when they have passed out of normal use in speech.
It seems that the author thinks the insurance is______.A.a form of gambling
B.a way of making money quickly
C.useful and necessary
D.old-fashioned答案：C解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】 author thinks the insurance
【主题句】第1自然段 Insurance is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort.保险就是分担风险，几乎每个人都有可能遭受某种风险。
【解析】本题的问题是“推断可知作者认为保险是_______”。 A选项“一种赌博”；B选项“一种快速赚钱的方式”；C选项“有用且必需”；D选项“过时的”。根据题目中关键词找到主题句，主题句中，作者明确表示几乎所有人都有可能遭受风险，而保险能够分担风险，因此保险是有用而且必需的。故C选项正确。 -
第19题：
资料：（一）
Insurance is the sharing of risks, Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire, the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea；the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family the poorer. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a small sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss, In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the money. This is the basis of insurance, Those who pay the contribution are known as “insured”and those who administer the pool of contributions as ”insurers”.
Not all risks can be covered by insurance. Broadly speaking, the ordinary risks of business and speculation cannot be covered. The risk that buyers will not buy goods at the prices offered is not of a kind that can be statistically estimated, and risks can only be insured against if they can be so estimated.
The legal basis of all insurance is the “policy”. This is a printed form of contract. It states that in return for the regular payment by the insured of a certain sum of money, called the “premium”, which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss, if the risk actually happens. The wording of policies, particularly in marine insurance, often seems very old-fashioned, but there is a sound reason of this. Over a large number of years, many law cases have been brought to clear up the meanings of doubtful phrases in policies. The law courts have given these phrases a definite and indisputable meaning, and to avoid future disputes the phrases have continued to be used in polices even when they have passed out of normal use in speech.
Old-fashioned wording is sometimes used in insurance policies because______.A.law courts have decided not to use fashionable words
B.it is widely accepted by all the insured
C.it enables ordinary people to understand it easily
D.the meaning of such wording has been agreed upon答案：D解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】 Old-fashioned wording;in insurance policies; because
【主题句】第3自然段 The wording of policies, particularly is marine insurance, often seems very old-fashioned, but there is a sound reason of this. Over a large number of years, many law cases have been brought to clear up the meanings of doubtful phrases in policies. The law courts have given these phrases a definite and indisputable meaning.保险单上的措辞，尤其是航海保险，常常显得很过时，但这有充分的理由。多年来，许多法律案例被提出，以澄清保险单上可疑短语的含义。法庭赋予这些短语明确无可争辩的含义。
【解析】本题的问题是“保险单上有时使用过时词语，原因是_______”。 A选项“法庭决定不使用时髦词语”；B选项“它被所有的被保险人广泛接受”；C选项“它使普通人能够轻松理解”；D选项“此类词语的含义已被确定”。根据题目中关键词找到主题句，主题句中，使用过时词语的原因是此类词语含义清晰，不会引起矛盾。故D选项正确。 -
第20题：
She was awarded the highest（）for his contribution to world peace
Aprice
Bpress
Cprize
Dpride
C
略 -
第21题：
She was awarded the highest（）for his contribution to world peace
- A、price
- B、press
- C、prize
- D、pride
正确答案:C -
第22题：
判断题The government program aims to provide low-cost health care to the Americans who don’t have insurance.A对
B错
正确答案： 错解析：
录音中指出美国大多数没有医疗保险的人实际上有工作但是通常情况下工资很低，社区卫生中心（community health centers）提供一种非常重要的cost-effective service，由于政府补贴，一些服务是免费的或在变动收费范围，而这是一项值得扩展的政府项目。因此题干正确。
【录音原文】
For decades, community health centers have done a very good job of providing low-cost primary health care to those with and without insurance. Since most of the nation’s uninsured actually are employed—but often in low-wage jobs—these centers provide an invaluable cost-effective service and, thanks to government subsidies, some care is free or on a sliding fee scale. This is one government program worthy of expansion. Yet, while touted by the Bush Administration, adequate funding has not been forthcoming. -
第23题：
问答题Practice 5 Read the following text(s) and write an essay to 1) summarize the main points of the text(s), 2) make clear your own viewpoint, and 3) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks (“ ”). You should write 160—200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Smoking influences citizen’s health and also pollutes our living environment. Recently, Chen Zhu, minister of Health, said that the government should gradually include anti-addiction counseling and drugs in basic medical insurance coverage. Should anti-addiction be covered in medical insurance? The following are the supporters’ and opponents’ opinions. Supporters: Smoking is now the biggest threat to human health. Through medical insurance to pay for their anti-addition drugs, smokers are more likely to have a try to quit smoking. It is hardly possible for smokers to quit smoking by their own efforts. If anti-addiction counseling and drugs are included in basic medical insurance coverage, smokers are more than willing to seek professional doctor for help and thus increase the chance of success. Helping smokers keep away from addiction not only benefits the smokers themselves, but also those around them, which is of great potential public health significance. In addition, the cost of using medical insurance to pay for anti-addiction is much lower than that to treat chronic diseases in the future. Opponents: Looking at the number of people who are smokers versus the great majority who aren't, it's much fairer to put the costs on the backs of those who cause them rather than on the backs of the great majority who don't smoke. Anti-addiction drugs are used to prevent diseases, which is supposed to be paid from the public health or disease control, but not from medical insurance fund. If anti-addition is covered in medical insurance, with 270 million smokers in China, how can the insurance bear it? In terms of 3000 RMB per person, we need 810 billion for medical insurance fund, while in 2010, the total income of urban basic medical insurance fund is only 430.9 billion.正确答案： 【范文】
With the announcement that government is on the road of packing anti-smoking drugs in the medical insurance coverage, there is a heated public controversy. Supporters believe that this measure encourages smokers to quit smoking, increasing the chance of success. Opponents argue that there are too many smokers in China, so it is unfair for non-smokers to pay for the cost. As regards this issue, I am of the opinion that anti-addiction should be covered in the medical insurance.
For one thing, although smoking is a personal habit, the harm it brings about affects all the people in the country, even in the world because it can not only destruct the health of both the smoker and the people surrounding him, but also cause environmental pollution. Hence, the act to cover anti-addiction in medical insurance by government is beneficial to the society. For another, packing anti-smoking medicine into medical insurance coverage encourages more smokers to take the initiative to give up smoking. Usually when they have to pay for the abandonment of smoking, smokers are less willing to show an active and positive attitude towards the non-smoking program. However, if this service is free, they may be more inclined to have a try.
All in all, smoking is not just a personal habit, but also a serious social problem. Our planet cannot bear this choking air any more and we should take actions immediately to support the anti-addiction program by having anti-smoking drugs covered into medical insurance.解析： 暂无解析