问答题Practice 4  Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning

题目
问答题
Practice 4  Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so do cultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.  Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people’s heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a they only exist in people’s heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a person’s value system when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.

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3.共用题干 The Bilingual BrainWhen Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt(干扰)the scanning.Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.Kim and Hirsch find that children______.A: use the same region in Broca's area to learn their first and second languageB:learn a second language slower than adultsC:are better at acquiring the sound system of a second language than adultsD:use special parts of the brain to program the structures of their first language

更多“问答题Practice 4  Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning”相关问题
  • 第1题:

    共用题干
    The Bilingual Brain
    When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
    The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt(干扰)the scanning.
    Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
    People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
    A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.

    Which aspect of the two language centers in the brain does Paragraph 3 discuss?
    A:Impact.
    B:Function.
    C:Location.
    D:Size.

    答案:B
    解析:
    由文章第一段最后一句可知,他们发现证据表明儿童和成人在学习第二语言时使用的是大脑的不同区域,故选B。
    由文章第二段第一句可知,研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动,故选C。
    由文章第三段第一句可知,这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义,这属于中枢的功能,故选B。
    由文章第四段第一句可知,从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同,故选A。
    文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同,尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式:触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言,尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断,但文中并没有这层隐含之意。

  • 第2题:

    共用题干
    The Bilingual Brain
    When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
    The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt(干扰)the scanning.
    Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
    People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
    A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.

    How did Kim and Hirsch study the brains of two groups of bilingual people?
    A:They interviewed them in English and Korean.
    B:They asked them to speak the same language.
    C:They used an MRI scanner to observe their brains.
    D:They asked them to talk about what they had done the day before.

    答案:C
    解析:
    由文章第一段最后一句可知,他们发现证据表明儿童和成人在学习第二语言时使用的是大脑的不同区域,故选B。
    由文章第二段第一句可知,研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动,故选C。
    由文章第三段第一句可知,这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义,这属于中枢的功能,故选B。
    由文章第四段第一句可知,从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同,故选A。
    文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同,尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式:触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言,尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断,但文中并没有这层隐含之意。

  • 第3题:

    共用题干
    Language and Infants
    How important is language to young children?Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.
    Within the first year,all the infants died.People realized clearly in this case that there was more than deprivation of language._______(46)Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
    Today no such cruel deprivation is allowed to exist that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly.There are critical times,it seems,when children learn more readily._______(47)A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
    Linguists learn that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ (Intelligence Quotient).At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds;at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words._______(48)
    Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is special about Man's brain,compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a teddy-bear with the sound pattern"teddy-bear"._______ (49)
    But speech has to be triggered,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the child's babbling,clinging,grasping,crying,smiling,and responds to them._______(50)Sensitivity to the children's non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.

    ________(48)
    A:At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
    B:What was missing was good mothering.
    C:Lots of information about benefits of baby signing and best ways to go about it can be found.
    D:Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.
    E:If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
    F:And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.

    答案:A
    解析:
    从第二段第二句得知,本题所填句陈述的内容要比剥夺语言更严重,其后一句提到了“没有了母亲般的呵护”,结合这两点,选项B没有母亲般的悉心照护,最符合题意,是正确答案。
    此题上一句提到:看起来,确有某些关键时期,孩子们学起来更容易。此句应为上一句的进一步陈述。所以,选项A假如这段敏感的时期被忽视,获得技巧的理想时间过去了,他们可能就再也不会如此轻松地学到东西了,从反面进一步陈述了上一句的内容,所以选项E是正确答案。
    该空前文提到了孩子年龄和语言学习之间的关系。该空应该延续这一话题。选项A3岁的孩子懂得1 000个单词,并且能够组成句子;到了4岁时,孩子的语言与其父母的语言在风格上而不是在语法上有所差异,正是对前文所述内容的延续,所以选项F是正确答案。
    该空前文提到人脑的特别之处,该空内容是该话题的延伸介绍。选项D 甚至更加不可思议的是,幼小的脑子能从周围的喧嚣声中听出语言表达的某种命令,用种种新奇的方式对某个语言的成分进行分析、组合以及重新组合,是对该话题的延伸介绍。所以,选项F是正确答案。
    最后一段的主题句是:But speech has to be triggered, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,但是说话需要激发。这得靠母亲和孩子的互动。该空前一句从正面阐述了这一观点:母亲要善于从孩子的申申呀呀中以及依偎、抓、哭、笑中辫别出不同含义和信号,并且做出反应。选项D母亲对孩子的上述信号持冷漠态度会减弱这种相互作用,因为孩子会扫兴,而只发出明显的信号,从反面阐述了孩子和母亲之间的互相影响,是正确答案。

  • 第4题:

    共用题干
    Successful Language Learners
    1. Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages.They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar,and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others.They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others,so what makes language learning so much eas- ier for them?Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners,we may dis- cover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.
    2. First of all,successful language learners are independent learners.They do not depend on the book or the teacher;they discover their own way to learn the language.Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain,they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.They are good guess-ers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.When they guess wrong,they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.
    3. Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore,successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;they look for such a chance.They find people who speak the lan-guage and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake.They will try anything to communicate .They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things;they are willing to make mistakes and try again .When communication is difficult,they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
    4. Finally,successful language learners are learners with a purpose.They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it.It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
    5. What kind of language learner are you?If you are a successful language learner,you have probably been learning independently,actively,and purposefully. On the other hand,if your language learning has been less than successful,you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.

    Paragraph 3______
    A: Ways to Learn a Language Successfully.
    B: Learning a language Purposefully.
    C: Learning a Language Actively.
    D: Learning a Language Independently.
    E: Learning from Mistakes.
    F: Learning to Think in the Target Language.

    答案:C
    解析:
    本段首先通过举例方式说明有些人似乎学习语言比别人更快更轻松,引出该篇文章的主题:…a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.即成功学习语言的方法。
    本段主要讲述的是第一个学习语言的方法,就是独立学习的能力,作者通过举例子的方式来说明这一方法,例如这些人不会依赖老师或者课本,而是自己去摸索总结出一定的模式,寻找线索,大胆地不断地进行猜测,从错误中学习。
    本段主要讲述的另外一个语言学习的方法,就是积极主动学习的能力,这些人会寻找一切使用语言的机会,找人纠正他们的错误,敢于说一些即使有别扭的句子,愿意接受不准确或不完整的信息,对他们来说学习另一种思维方式比知道单词的意思更加重要。
    本段主要讲述的另外一个语言学习的方法,就是有目的性的学习的能力,这些人往往是因为对讲这种语言的人以及语言本身感兴趣才学习的英语,这样他们可以更好地和使用这种语言的当地人交流并向他们学习。
    依据是第二段第四句话:They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.
    依据是第二段第三句话:Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.
    依据是第三段第二句话:Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;they look for such a chance.
    依据是第二段、第三段、第四段的第一句也就是每一段的主题句。本文的主旨就是介绍这三种重要的英语学习方法:独立、主动、有目的的学语言。

  • 第5题:

    共用题干
    Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?

    How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults
    learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience
    often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通)of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental
    powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command(掌握).What accounts for this
    difference?
    Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the
    behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-
    vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is
    more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words
    and right structure. He drinks in(吸收)all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-
    bubbling( 冒泡的)spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.
    Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has
    each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-
    tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and
    facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools,
    when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally
    what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are
    understood and fulfilled.
    Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations
    with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.

    A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:B
    解析:
    句意:和学习外语的成人相比,儿童学习母语较容易。关键词是with ease。依据此关键词,可在文中第一段找到相关叙述:A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language.A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(一个没有知识和阅历的小孩可以完全掌握语言,而大多情况下,一个脑力健全的成人学语言可能会出错和掌握不准确),因此可推知,儿童学习母语比起成年人学习外语,学的要好得多,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:成年人的知识和智力妨碍了他们对外语的准确掌握。关键词mental powers。依据此关键词在第一段的第三句中发现相关叙述:A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers , in most cases , may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(在大多数的情况下,一个脑力健全的成年人学习语言可能会出错和掌握不准确。)而该句的下一句提出了成年人和儿童在学习语言方面不同原因的问题,但原文中并没有提到“造成成年人掌握外语能力较差的原因”,故此题为“未提及”的。
    句意:儿童母语学得好的原因只是源于他们的学习环境。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。根据文章第二段的段首句:“…the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child him-self, partly in the behavior of the people around him.”由句中两个partly引出的两个原因,不难判断出题目中“solely”的绝对说法是不正确的,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的部分原因。关键词the first years of life.依据此关键词在第二段的第二句中发现相关句:In the first place ,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all , namely , the first years of life. (早年学习母语的时间是最有益的。)接下来的一句说明了儿童期听力练习的方式,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:儿童学习母语有常年上家教课的优势。关键词all the year round。依据此关键词在第三段的第一 句中发现相关句:Then the child has , as it were , private lessons all the year round.(儿童学习母语的优势好像是可以常年上家教课。)比较原句和问题句的结构,发现不同之处在于“as it were”的结构。实际上,as it were的含义是“好像是”。原文说“好像是”,而问题句说“是”,所以判断问题句“不正确”,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。关键词:Gestures and facial cxpressions。依据此关键词在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句:The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of ges-tures and facial expressions.(儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语,而且母语中还伴随了正确的手势和面部表情。)原句的说法与问题句一致,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:就语言教学而言,教师与学生的亲密关系比学生受到专业的语言培训更重要。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。根据文章最后一段的内容事实判断,并没有提到“教师与学生的亲密关系和学生受到语言培训的重要性”,故此题为“未提及”的。

  • 第6题:

    共用题干
    Successful Language Learners

    1.Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages.They can pick up new vocabulary,master rules or grammar,and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others.They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others,so what makes language learning so much easier for them?Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners,we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.
    2.First of all,successful language learners are independent learners.They do not depend on the book or the teacher;they discover their own way to learn the language.Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain,they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.When they guess wrong,they guess again.They try to learn from mistakes.
    3.Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore,successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;they look for such a chance.They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake.They will try anything to com-municate.They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things;they are willing to make mistakes and try again.When communication is difficult,they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
    4.Finally,successful language learners are learners with a purpose.They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it.It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them.They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
    5.What kind of language learner are you?If you are a successful language learner,you have probably been learning independently,actively,and purposefully.On the other hand,if your language learning has been less than successful,you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.

    Paragraph 4__________.
    A:Ways to learn a language successfully.
    B:Learning a language purposefully.
    C:Learning a language actively.
    D:Learning a language independently.
    E:Learning from mistakes.
    F:Learning to think in the target language.

    答案:B
    解析:
    本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段首先通过举例方式说明有些人似乎学习语言比别人更快更轻松,引出该篇文章的主题:…a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.即成功学习语言的方法。
    本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段主要讲述的是第一个学习语言的方法,就是独立学习的能力,作者通过举例子的方式来说明这一方法,例如这些人不会依赖老师或者课本,而是自己去摸索总结出一定的模式,寻找线索,大胆地、不断地进行猜测,从错误中学习。
    本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段主要讲述第二个语言学习的方法,就是积极主动学习的能力,这些人会寻找一切使用语言的机会,找人纠正他们的错误,敢于说一些即使有些别扭的句子,愿意接受不准确或不完整的信息,对他们来说,学习另一种思维方式比知道单词的意思更加重要。
    本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段主要讲述第三个语言学习的方法,就是有目的性地学习的能力,这些人往往是因为对讲这种语言的人以及语言本身感兴趣才学习,这样,他们可以更好地和使用这种语言的当地人交流并向他们学习。
    本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第四句话:They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.
    本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第三句话:Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.
    本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第三段第二句话:Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance.
    本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨的了解。依据是第二段、第三段、第四段的第一句也就是每一段的主题句。本文的主旨就是介绍这三种重要的语言学习方法:独立、主动、有目的地学语言。

  • 第7题:

    共用题干
    Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?

    How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults
    learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience
    often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通)of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental
    powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command(掌握).What accounts for this
    difference?
    Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the
    behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-
    vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is
    more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words
    and right structure. He drinks in(吸收)all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-
    bubbling( 冒泡的)spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.
    Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has
    each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-
    tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and
    facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools,
    when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally
    what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are
    understood and fulfilled.
    Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations
    with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.

    Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:A
    解析:
    句意:和学习外语的成人相比,儿童学习母语较容易。关键词是with ease。依据此关键词,可在文中第一段找到相关叙述:A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language.A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(一个没有知识和阅历的小孩可以完全掌握语言,而大多情况下,一个脑力健全的成人学语言可能会出错和掌握不准确),因此可推知,儿童学习母语比起成年人学习外语,学的要好得多,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:成年人的知识和智力妨碍了他们对外语的准确掌握。关键词mental powers。依据此关键词在第一段的第三句中发现相关叙述:A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers , in most cases , may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(在大多数的情况下,一个脑力健全的成年人学习语言可能会出错和掌握不准确。)而该句的下一句提出了成年人和儿童在学习语言方面不同原因的问题,但原文中并没有提到“造成成年人掌握外语能力较差的原因”,故此题为“未提及”的。
    句意:儿童母语学得好的原因只是源于他们的学习环境。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。根据文章第二段的段首句:“…the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child him-self, partly in the behavior of the people around him.”由句中两个partly引出的两个原因,不难判断出题目中“solely”的绝对说法是不正确的,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的部分原因。关键词the first years of life.依据此关键词在第二段的第二句中发现相关句:In the first place ,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all , namely , the first years of life. (早年学习母语的时间是最有益的。)接下来的一句说明了儿童期听力练习的方式,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:儿童学习母语有常年上家教课的优势。关键词all the year round。依据此关键词在第三段的第一 句中发现相关句:Then the child has , as it were , private lessons all the year round.(儿童学习母语的优势好像是可以常年上家教课。)比较原句和问题句的结构,发现不同之处在于“as it were”的结构。实际上,as it were的含义是“好像是”。原文说“好像是”,而问题句说“是”,所以判断问题句“不正确”,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。关键词:Gestures and facial cxpressions。依据此关键词在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句:The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of ges-tures and facial expressions.(儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语,而且母语中还伴随了正确的手势和面部表情。)原句的说法与问题句一致,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:就语言教学而言,教师与学生的亲密关系比学生受到专业的语言培训更重要。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。根据文章最后一段的内容事实判断,并没有提到“教师与学生的亲密关系和学生受到语言培训的重要性”,故此题为“未提及”的。

  • 第8题:

    共用题干
    Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?

    How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults
    learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience
    often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通)of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental
    powers,in most case,may end up with a faulty and inexact command(掌握).What accounts for this differ-
    ence?
    Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the
    behavior of the people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-
    vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is
    more important,always in its genuine form,with the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words
    and right structure. He drinks in(吸收)all the words and expressions , which come to him in a flash,
    ever-bubbling(冒泡的)spring. There is no resistance : there is perfect assimilation.
    Then the child has,as it were,pnvate lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has
    each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-
    tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and
    facial expressions.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools,
    when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally
    what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are
    understood and fulfilled.
    Finally,though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations
    with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.

    Compared with adults learning a foreign language,children learn their native language with ease.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:A
    解析:
    句意:和学习外语的成人相比,儿童学习母语较容易。关键词是with ease。依据此关键 词,可在文中第一段找到相关叙述:A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most case , may end up with faulty and inexact command.(一个没有知识和阅历的小孩可以完全 掌握语言,而大多情况下,一个脑力健全的成人学语言可能会出错和掌握不准确),因此可推 知,儿童学习母语比起成年人学习外语来说,学的要好得多,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:成年人的知识和智力妨碍了他们对外语的准确掌握。关键词mental powers。依 ,据此关键词在第一段的第四句中发现相关叙述:A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case , may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(在大多数的情况下一个脑 力健全的成年人学习语言可能会出错和掌握不准确。)但原文中并没提到“造成成年人掌握外 语的能力较差的原因”,故此题为“未提及”的。
    儿童母语学得好的原因只是源于他们的学习环境。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。 根据文章第二段的段首句:"...the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him.”由句中两个partly引出的两个原因,不难判断出 题目中“solely”的绝对说法是不正确的,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的部分原因。关键词the first years of life,依据此关键词在第二段的第二句中发现相关句:In the first place ,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all , namely , the first years of life.(早年学习母语的时间是最 有益的。)接下来的一句突出的说明了儿童期听力练习的方式。故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:儿童学习母语有常年上家教课的优势。借助常识判断该句的说法不正确。关键 词:all the year round,依据此关键词在第三段的第一句中发现直接相关句:Then the child has, as it were , private lessons all the year round.(儿童学习母语好像是常年上家教课。)比较原句和 问题句的结构,发现不同之处在于“as it were”的结构。因为部分结构的差异往往是设置了陷 阱。实际上,as it were的含义是“好像是”。所以原文说“好像是”,而题干句说“是”,所以判断 题干句“不正确”,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。关键词:Gestures and facial ex- pressions,依据此关键词在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句:The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions.(儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语,而且母语中还伴 随了正确的手势和面部表情。)可见原句的说法与题干句一致,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:就语言教学而言,教师与学生的亲密关系比学生受到专业的语言培训更重要。 本题主要考查对事实的判断。根据文章最后一段的内容事实判断,并没有提及到“教师与学生 的亲密关系和学生受到语言培训的重要性”,故此题答案为C。第3部分:概括大意与完成句子

  • 第9题:

    共用题干
    Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?

    How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults
    learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience
    often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通)of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental
    powers,in most case,may end up with a faulty and inexact command(掌握).What accounts for this differ-
    ence?
    Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the
    behavior of the people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-
    vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is
    more important,always in its genuine form,with the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words
    and right structure. He drinks in(吸收)all the words and expressions , which come to him in a flash,
    ever-bubbling(冒泡的)spring. There is no resistance : there is perfect assimilation.
    Then the child has,as it were,pnvate lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has
    each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-
    tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and
    facial expressions.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools,
    when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally
    what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are
    understood and fulfilled.
    Finally,though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations
    with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.

    A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:B
    解析:
    句意:和学习外语的成人相比,儿童学习母语较容易。关键词是with ease。依据此关键 词,可在文中第一段找到相关叙述:A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most case , may end up with faulty and inexact command.(一个没有知识和阅历的小孩可以完全 掌握语言,而大多情况下,一个脑力健全的成人学语言可能会出错和掌握不准确),因此可推 知,儿童学习母语比起成年人学习外语来说,学的要好得多,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:成年人的知识和智力妨碍了他们对外语的准确掌握。关键词mental powers。依 ,据此关键词在第一段的第四句中发现相关叙述:A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case , may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(在大多数的情况下一个脑 力健全的成年人学习语言可能会出错和掌握不准确。)但原文中并没提到“造成成年人掌握外 语的能力较差的原因”,故此题为“未提及”的。
    儿童母语学得好的原因只是源于他们的学习环境。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。 根据文章第二段的段首句:"...the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him.”由句中两个partly引出的两个原因,不难判断出 题目中“solely”的绝对说法是不正确的,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的部分原因。关键词the first years of life,依据此关键词在第二段的第二句中发现相关句:In the first place ,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all , namely , the first years of life.(早年学习母语的时间是最 有益的。)接下来的一句突出的说明了儿童期听力练习的方式。故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:儿童学习母语有常年上家教课的优势。借助常识判断该句的说法不正确。关键 词:all the year round,依据此关键词在第三段的第一句中发现直接相关句:Then the child has, as it were , private lessons all the year round.(儿童学习母语好像是常年上家教课。)比较原句和 问题句的结构,发现不同之处在于“as it were”的结构。因为部分结构的差异往往是设置了陷 阱。实际上,as it were的含义是“好像是”。所以原文说“好像是”,而题干句说“是”,所以判断 题干句“不正确”,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。关键词:Gestures and facial ex- pressions,依据此关键词在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句:The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions.(儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语,而且母语中还伴 随了正确的手势和面部表情。)可见原句的说法与题干句一致,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:就语言教学而言,教师与学生的亲密关系比学生受到专业的语言培训更重要。 本题主要考查对事实的判断。根据文章最后一段的内容事实判断,并没有提及到“教师与学生 的亲密关系和学生受到语言培训的重要性”,故此题答案为C。第3部分:概括大意与完成句子

  • 第10题:

    共用题干
    Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?

    How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults
    learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience
    often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通)of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental
    powers,in most case,may end up with a faulty and inexact command(掌握).What accounts for this differ-
    ence?
    Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the
    behavior of the people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-
    vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is
    more important,always in its genuine form,with the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words
    and right structure. He drinks in(吸收)all the words and expressions , which come to him in a flash,
    ever-bubbling(冒泡的)spring. There is no resistance : there is perfect assimilation.
    Then the child has,as it were,pnvate lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has
    each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-
    tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and
    facial expressions.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools,
    when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally
    what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are
    understood and fulfilled.
    Finally,though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations
    with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.

    Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:A
    解析:
    句意:和学习外语的成人相比,儿童学习母语较容易。关键词是with ease。依据此关键 词,可在文中第一段找到相关叙述:A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most case , may end up with faulty and inexact command.(一个没有知识和阅历的小孩可以完全 掌握语言,而大多情况下,一个脑力健全的成人学语言可能会出错和掌握不准确),因此可推 知,儿童学习母语比起成年人学习外语来说,学的要好得多,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:成年人的知识和智力妨碍了他们对外语的准确掌握。关键词mental powers。依 ,据此关键词在第一段的第四句中发现相关叙述:A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case , may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(在大多数的情况下一个脑 力健全的成年人学习语言可能会出错和掌握不准确。)但原文中并没提到“造成成年人掌握外 语的能力较差的原因”,故此题为“未提及”的。
    儿童母语学得好的原因只是源于他们的学习环境。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。 根据文章第二段的段首句:"...the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him.”由句中两个partly引出的两个原因,不难判断出 题目中“solely”的绝对说法是不正确的,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的部分原因。关键词the first years of life,依据此关键词在第二段的第二句中发现相关句:In the first place ,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all , namely , the first years of life.(早年学习母语的时间是最 有益的。)接下来的一句突出的说明了儿童期听力练习的方式。故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:儿童学习母语有常年上家教课的优势。借助常识判断该句的说法不正确。关键 词:all the year round,依据此关键词在第三段的第一句中发现直接相关句:Then the child has, as it were , private lessons all the year round.(儿童学习母语好像是常年上家教课。)比较原句和 问题句的结构,发现不同之处在于“as it were”的结构。因为部分结构的差异往往是设置了陷 阱。实际上,as it were的含义是“好像是”。所以原文说“好像是”,而题干句说“是”,所以判断 题干句“不正确”,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。关键词:Gestures and facial ex- pressions,依据此关键词在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句:The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions.(儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语,而且母语中还伴 随了正确的手势和面部表情。)可见原句的说法与题干句一致,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:就语言教学而言,教师与学生的亲密关系比学生受到专业的语言培训更重要。 本题主要考查对事实的判断。根据文章最后一段的内容事实判断,并没有提及到“教师与学生 的亲密关系和学生受到语言培训的重要性”,故此题答案为C。第3部分:概括大意与完成句子

  • 第11题:

    If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.


    正确答案:正确

  • 第12题:

    问答题
    ◆Topic 9:Keeping Variety of Language and Culture  Questions for Reference:  1) What is the reason for losing a variety of language and culture?  2) What are the solutions to the problem of languages and culture dying?  3) What’s the most important thing we should do to save our language and cult/are from now on?

    正确答案: 【参考答案】
    Nowadays, international communication has become more and more important, people prefer to communicate in languages, such as English, Arabic and Chinese. But many of the world’s languages and culture are dying out. In my presentation I will examine the problem of languages and culture, dying and the solutions, such as writing books and increasing language population levels.
    Firstly, as the technology improves, people around the world are relying more and more on electronic devices to communicate with each other. While this trend is helping the major culture, it is having a harmful effect on the minor culture that could be swallowed up by the major culture.
    Secondly, some of the world’s languages are not being learned widely by children or used in daily commerce. In some boarding schools, children were punished for speaking their parent’s language. Despite the desires of language and culture activists, the outlook is somewhat grim.
    People already realize this problem exists and are trying to solve it. For one solution, people can record the culture and languages on books or tapes, making sure our descendants can learn or use them in the future.
    The second solution is increasing the language population levels. Governments can make some policies, like encouragement for people to learn and teach the languages facing extinction, no matter whether the language is used in daily commerce or not. By trying to keep them alive, at least they have a future as second languages.
    The important thing is to learn the elder’s tongue and culture before it’s too late. Otherwise we will lose them.
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第13题:

    共用题干
    The Bilingual Brain
    When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
    The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt(干扰)the scanning.
    Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
    People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
    A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.

    It can be inferred from the last paragraph that______.
    A:students do better in high school than in college
    B:bilingual children will learn better in college classes
    C:mothers are good language teachers
    D:it takes more time for adults to learn a second language

    答案:C
    解析:
    由文章第一段最后一句可知,他们发现证据表明儿童和成人在学习第二语言时使用的是大脑的不同区域,故选B。
    由文章第二段第一句可知,研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动,故选C。
    由文章第三段第一句可知,这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义,这属于中枢的功能,故选B。
    由文章第四段第一句可知,从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同,故选A。
    文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同,尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式:触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言,尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断,但文中并没有这层隐含之意。

  • 第14题:

    共用题干
    The Bilingual Brain
    When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
    The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt(干扰)the scanning.
    Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
    People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
    A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.

    Karl Kim's study showed that______.
    A:people learn English and Korean in different ways
    B:children and adults use the different parts of the brain to learn a second language
    C:it is not possible for an adult to speak a second language fluently
    D:people's brains will not change when they learn a second language

    答案:B
    解析:
    由文章第一段最后一句可知,他们发现证据表明儿童和成人在学习第二语言时使用的是大脑的不同区域,故选B。
    由文章第二段第一句可知,研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动,故选C。
    由文章第三段第一句可知,这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义,这属于中枢的功能,故选B。
    由文章第四段第一句可知,从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同,故选A。
    文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同,尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式:触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言,尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断,但文中并没有这层隐含之意。

  • 第15题:

    共用题干
    Successful Language Learners

    1.Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages.They can pick up new vocabulary,master rules or grammar,and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others.They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others,so what makes language learning so much easier for them?Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners,we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.
    2.First of all,successful language learners are independent learners.They do not depend on the book or the teacher;they discover their own way to learn the language.Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain,they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.When they guess wrong,they guess again.They try to learn from mistakes.
    3.Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore,successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;they look for such a chance.They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake.They will try anything to com-municate.They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things;they are willing to make mistakes and try again.When communication is difficult,they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
    4.Finally,successful language learners are learners with a purpose.They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it.It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them.They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
    5.What kind of language learner are you?If you are a successful language learner,you have probably been learning independently,actively,and purposefully.On the other hand,if your language learning has been less than successful,you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.

    Paragraph 3_________.
    A:Ways to learn a language successfully.
    B:Learning a language purposefully.
    C:Learning a language actively.
    D:Learning a language independently.
    E:Learning from mistakes.
    F:Learning to think in the target language.

    答案:C
    解析:
    本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段首先通过举例方式说明有些人似乎学习语言比别人更快更轻松,引出该篇文章的主题:…a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.即成功学习语言的方法。
    本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段主要讲述的是第一个学习语言的方法,就是独立学习的能力,作者通过举例子的方式来说明这一方法,例如这些人不会依赖老师或者课本,而是自己去摸索总结出一定的模式,寻找线索,大胆地、不断地进行猜测,从错误中学习。
    本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段主要讲述第二个语言学习的方法,就是积极主动学习的能力,这些人会寻找一切使用语言的机会,找人纠正他们的错误,敢于说一些即使有些别扭的句子,愿意接受不准确或不完整的信息,对他们来说,学习另一种思维方式比知道单词的意思更加重要。
    本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段主要讲述第三个语言学习的方法,就是有目的性地学习的能力,这些人往往是因为对讲这种语言的人以及语言本身感兴趣才学习,这样,他们可以更好地和使用这种语言的当地人交流并向他们学习。
    本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第四句话:They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.
    本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第三句话:Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.
    本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第三段第二句话:Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance.
    本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨的了解。依据是第二段、第三段、第四段的第一句也就是每一段的主题句。本文的主旨就是介绍这三种重要的语言学习方法:独立、主动、有目的地学语言。

  • 第16题:

    共用题干
    Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?

    How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults
    learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience
    often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通)of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental
    powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command(掌握).What accounts for this
    difference?
    Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the
    behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-
    vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is
    more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words
    and right structure. He drinks in(吸收)all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-
    bubbling( 冒泡的)spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.
    Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has
    each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-
    tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and
    facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools,
    when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally
    what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are
    understood and fulfilled.
    Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations
    with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.

    The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:B
    解析:
    句意:和学习外语的成人相比,儿童学习母语较容易。关键词是with ease。依据此关键词,可在文中第一段找到相关叙述:A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language.A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(一个没有知识和阅历的小孩可以完全掌握语言,而大多情况下,一个脑力健全的成人学语言可能会出错和掌握不准确),因此可推知,儿童学习母语比起成年人学习外语,学的要好得多,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:成年人的知识和智力妨碍了他们对外语的准确掌握。关键词mental powers。依据此关键词在第一段的第三句中发现相关叙述:A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers , in most cases , may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(在大多数的情况下,一个脑力健全的成年人学习语言可能会出错和掌握不准确。)而该句的下一句提出了成年人和儿童在学习语言方面不同原因的问题,但原文中并没有提到“造成成年人掌握外语能力较差的原因”,故此题为“未提及”的。
    句意:儿童母语学得好的原因只是源于他们的学习环境。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。根据文章第二段的段首句:“…the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child him-self, partly in the behavior of the people around him.”由句中两个partly引出的两个原因,不难判断出题目中“solely”的绝对说法是不正确的,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的部分原因。关键词the first years of life.依据此关键词在第二段的第二句中发现相关句:In the first place ,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all , namely , the first years of life. (早年学习母语的时间是最有益的。)接下来的一句说明了儿童期听力练习的方式,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:儿童学习母语有常年上家教课的优势。关键词all the year round。依据此关键词在第三段的第一 句中发现相关句:Then the child has , as it were , private lessons all the year round.(儿童学习母语的优势好像是可以常年上家教课。)比较原句和问题句的结构,发现不同之处在于“as it were”的结构。实际上,as it were的含义是“好像是”。原文说“好像是”,而问题句说“是”,所以判断问题句“不正确”,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。关键词:Gestures and facial cxpressions。依据此关键词在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句:The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of ges-tures and facial expressions.(儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语,而且母语中还伴随了正确的手势和面部表情。)原句的说法与问题句一致,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:就语言教学而言,教师与学生的亲密关系比学生受到专业的语言培训更重要。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。根据文章最后一段的内容事实判断,并没有提到“教师与学生的亲密关系和学生受到语言培训的重要性”,故此题为“未提及”的。

  • 第17题:

    共用题干
    Successful Language Learners
    1. Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages.They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar,and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others.They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others,so what makes language learning so much eas- ier for them?Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners,we may dis- cover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.
    2. First of all,successful language learners are independent learners.They do not depend on the book or the teacher;they discover their own way to learn the language.Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain,they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.They are good guess-ers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.When they guess wrong,they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.
    3. Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore,successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;they look for such a chance.They find people who speak the lan-guage and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake.They will try anything to communicate .They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things;they are willing to make mistakes and try again .When communication is difficult,they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
    4. Finally,successful language learners are learners with a purpose.They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it.It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
    5. What kind of language learner are you?If you are a successful language learner,you have probably been learning independently,actively,and purposefully. On the other hand,if your language learning has been less than successful,you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.

    Paragraph 4______
    A: Ways to Learn a Language Successfully.
    B: Learning a language Purposefully.
    C: Learning a Language Actively.
    D: Learning a Language Independently.
    E: Learning from Mistakes.
    F: Learning to Think in the Target Language.

    答案:B
    解析:
    本段首先通过举例方式说明有些人似乎学习语言比别人更快更轻松,引出该篇文章的主题:…a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.即成功学习语言的方法。
    本段主要讲述的是第一个学习语言的方法,就是独立学习的能力,作者通过举例子的方式来说明这一方法,例如这些人不会依赖老师或者课本,而是自己去摸索总结出一定的模式,寻找线索,大胆地不断地进行猜测,从错误中学习。
    本段主要讲述的另外一个语言学习的方法,就是积极主动学习的能力,这些人会寻找一切使用语言的机会,找人纠正他们的错误,敢于说一些即使有别扭的句子,愿意接受不准确或不完整的信息,对他们来说学习另一种思维方式比知道单词的意思更加重要。
    本段主要讲述的另外一个语言学习的方法,就是有目的性的学习的能力,这些人往往是因为对讲这种语言的人以及语言本身感兴趣才学习的英语,这样他们可以更好地和使用这种语言的当地人交流并向他们学习。
    依据是第二段第四句话:They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.
    依据是第二段第三句话:Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.
    依据是第三段第二句话:Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;they look for such a chance.
    依据是第二段、第三段、第四段的第一句也就是每一段的主题句。本文的主旨就是介绍这三种重要的英语学习方法:独立、主动、有目的的学语言。

  • 第18题:

    共用题干
    Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?

    How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults
    learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience
    often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通)of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental
    powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command(掌握).What accounts for this
    difference?
    Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the
    behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-
    vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is
    more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words
    and right structure. He drinks in(吸收)all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-
    bubbling( 冒泡的)spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.
    Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has
    each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-
    tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and
    facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools,
    when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally
    what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are
    understood and fulfilled.
    Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations
    with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.

    Compared with adults learning a foreign language,children learn their native language with ease.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:A
    解析:
    句意:和学习外语的成人相比,儿童学习母语较容易。关键词是with ease。依据此关键词,可在文中第一段找到相关叙述:A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language.A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(一个没有知识和阅历的小孩可以完全掌握语言,而大多情况下,一个脑力健全的成人学语言可能会出错和掌握不准确),因此可推知,儿童学习母语比起成年人学习外语,学的要好得多,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:成年人的知识和智力妨碍了他们对外语的准确掌握。关键词mental powers。依据此关键词在第一段的第三句中发现相关叙述:A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers , in most cases , may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(在大多数的情况下,一个脑力健全的成年人学习语言可能会出错和掌握不准确。)而该句的下一句提出了成年人和儿童在学习语言方面不同原因的问题,但原文中并没有提到“造成成年人掌握外语能力较差的原因”,故此题为“未提及”的。
    句意:儿童母语学得好的原因只是源于他们的学习环境。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。根据文章第二段的段首句:“…the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child him-self, partly in the behavior of the people around him.”由句中两个partly引出的两个原因,不难判断出题目中“solely”的绝对说法是不正确的,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的部分原因。关键词the first years of life.依据此关键词在第二段的第二句中发现相关句:In the first place ,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all , namely , the first years of life. (早年学习母语的时间是最有益的。)接下来的一句说明了儿童期听力练习的方式,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:儿童学习母语有常年上家教课的优势。关键词all the year round。依据此关键词在第三段的第一 句中发现相关句:Then the child has , as it were , private lessons all the year round.(儿童学习母语的优势好像是可以常年上家教课。)比较原句和问题句的结构,发现不同之处在于“as it were”的结构。实际上,as it were的含义是“好像是”。原文说“好像是”,而问题句说“是”,所以判断问题句“不正确”,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。关键词:Gestures and facial cxpressions。依据此关键词在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句:The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of ges-tures and facial expressions.(儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语,而且母语中还伴随了正确的手势和面部表情。)原句的说法与问题句一致,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:就语言教学而言,教师与学生的亲密关系比学生受到专业的语言培训更重要。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。根据文章最后一段的内容事实判断,并没有提到“教师与学生的亲密关系和学生受到语言培训的重要性”,故此题为“未提及”的。

  • 第19题:

    共用题干
    The Bilingual Brain When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently,and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student,Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch,a neuroscientist in New York.______(46)They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language. The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.______(47)The other consisted of people who,like Kim, learned their second language later in life.People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner.This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning. Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca's area,which is believed to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. ______(48) People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both their first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.______(49)Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch'sound, and sight.______(50)

    ______(46)
    A:But their use of Broca's area was different.
    B:One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.
    C:How does Hirsch explain this difference?
    D:We use special parts of the brain for language learning.
    E:And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.
    F:Their work led to an important discovery.

    答案:F
    解析:
    空格后的“found”与选项F中的“discovery”的意义相近,且空格后的句子是对F的进一步解释。
    空格前一句表明要对两组使用双语的人员的大脑进行研究,空格后的句子“The other…”讲的是一组人员的情况。由此可推测出,空格处讲的应是另一组人员的情况,B项符合题意。
    整段讲的是Kim和Hirsch对大脑的两个语言中心的分析,空格前讲的是他们对Wernicke's area的使用情况的研究发现,空格处应为被测试者使用Broca's area的情况。A项符合题意。
    空格前两句表明了成人学习第二语言与儿童学习第二语言时对Broca's area的不同使用情况,后面的“Hirsch beheves…”是Hirsch对这一现象的解释,根据上下文语境可知,空格处应选择C项。
    最后一段第一句指出,儿童和成人学习语言的方式不同,空格前的句子讲的是母亲怎样教儿童学习说话,可知空格处应说明这与成人学习语言的不同,E项与这一语境最符合。

  • 第20题:

    共用题干
    Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?

    How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults
    learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience
    often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通)of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental
    powers,in most case,may end up with a faulty and inexact command(掌握).What accounts for this differ-
    ence?
    Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the
    behavior of the people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-
    vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is
    more important,always in its genuine form,with the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words
    and right structure. He drinks in(吸收)all the words and expressions , which come to him in a flash,
    ever-bubbling(冒泡的)spring. There is no resistance : there is perfect assimilation.
    Then the child has,as it were,pnvate lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has
    each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-
    tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and
    facial expressions.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools,
    when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally
    what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are
    understood and fulfilled.
    Finally,though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations
    with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.

    The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:B
    解析:
    句意:和学习外语的成人相比,儿童学习母语较容易。关键词是with ease。依据此关键 词,可在文中第一段找到相关叙述:A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most case , may end up with faulty and inexact command.(一个没有知识和阅历的小孩可以完全 掌握语言,而大多情况下,一个脑力健全的成人学语言可能会出错和掌握不准确),因此可推 知,儿童学习母语比起成年人学习外语来说,学的要好得多,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:成年人的知识和智力妨碍了他们对外语的准确掌握。关键词mental powers。依 ,据此关键词在第一段的第四句中发现相关叙述:A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case , may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(在大多数的情况下一个脑 力健全的成年人学习语言可能会出错和掌握不准确。)但原文中并没提到“造成成年人掌握外 语的能力较差的原因”,故此题为“未提及”的。
    儿童母语学得好的原因只是源于他们的学习环境。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。 根据文章第二段的段首句:"...the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him.”由句中两个partly引出的两个原因,不难判断出 题目中“solely”的绝对说法是不正确的,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的部分原因。关键词the first years of life,依据此关键词在第二段的第二句中发现相关句:In the first place ,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all , namely , the first years of life.(早年学习母语的时间是最 有益的。)接下来的一句突出的说明了儿童期听力练习的方式。故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:儿童学习母语有常年上家教课的优势。借助常识判断该句的说法不正确。关键 词:all the year round,依据此关键词在第三段的第一句中发现直接相关句:Then the child has, as it were , private lessons all the year round.(儿童学习母语好像是常年上家教课。)比较原句和 问题句的结构,发现不同之处在于“as it were”的结构。因为部分结构的差异往往是设置了陷 阱。实际上,as it were的含义是“好像是”。所以原文说“好像是”,而题干句说“是”,所以判断 题干句“不正确”,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。关键词:Gestures and facial ex- pressions,依据此关键词在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句:The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions.(儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语,而且母语中还伴 随了正确的手势和面部表情。)可见原句的说法与题干句一致,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:就语言教学而言,教师与学生的亲密关系比学生受到专业的语言培训更重要。 本题主要考查对事实的判断。根据文章最后一段的内容事实判断,并没有提及到“教师与学生 的亲密关系和学生受到语言培训的重要性”,故此题答案为C。第3部分:概括大意与完成句子

  • 第21题:

    共用题干
    Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?

    How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults
    learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience
    often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通)of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental
    powers,in most case,may end up with a faulty and inexact command(掌握).What accounts for this differ-
    ence?
    Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the
    behavior of the people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-
    vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is
    more important,always in its genuine form,with the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words
    and right structure. He drinks in(吸收)all the words and expressions , which come to him in a flash,
    ever-bubbling(冒泡的)spring. There is no resistance : there is perfect assimilation.
    Then the child has,as it were,pnvate lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has
    each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-
    tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and
    facial expressions.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools,
    when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally
    what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are
    understood and fulfilled.
    Finally,though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations
    with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.

    So far as language teaching is concerned,the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:C
    解析:
    句意:和学习外语的成人相比,儿童学习母语较容易。关键词是with ease。依据此关键 词,可在文中第一段找到相关叙述:A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most case , may end up with faulty and inexact command.(一个没有知识和阅历的小孩可以完全 掌握语言,而大多情况下,一个脑力健全的成人学语言可能会出错和掌握不准确),因此可推 知,儿童学习母语比起成年人学习外语来说,学的要好得多,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:成年人的知识和智力妨碍了他们对外语的准确掌握。关键词mental powers。依 ,据此关键词在第一段的第四句中发现相关叙述:A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case , may end up with a faulty and inexact command.(在大多数的情况下一个脑 力健全的成年人学习语言可能会出错和掌握不准确。)但原文中并没提到“造成成年人掌握外 语的能力较差的原因”,故此题为“未提及”的。
    儿童母语学得好的原因只是源于他们的学习环境。本题主要考查对事实细节的判断。 根据文章第二段的段首句:"...the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him.”由句中两个partly引出的两个原因,不难判断出 题目中“solely”的绝对说法是不正确的,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的部分原因。关键词the first years of life,依据此关键词在第二段的第二句中发现相关句:In the first place ,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all , namely , the first years of life.(早年学习母语的时间是最 有益的。)接下来的一句突出的说明了儿童期听力练习的方式。故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:儿童学习母语有常年上家教课的优势。借助常识判断该句的说法不正确。关键 词:all the year round,依据此关键词在第三段的第一句中发现直接相关句:Then the child has, as it were , private lessons all the year round.(儿童学习母语好像是常年上家教课。)比较原句和 问题句的结构,发现不同之处在于“as it were”的结构。因为部分结构的差异往往是设置了陷 阱。实际上,as it were的含义是“好像是”。所以原文说“好像是”,而题干句说“是”,所以判断 题干句“不正确”,故此题为“错误”的。
    句意:手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。关键词:Gestures and facial ex- pressions,依据此关键词在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句:The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions.(儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语,而且母语中还伴 随了正确的手势和面部表情。)可见原句的说法与题干句一致,故此题为“正确”的。
    句意:就语言教学而言,教师与学生的亲密关系比学生受到专业的语言培训更重要。 本题主要考查对事实的判断。根据文章最后一段的内容事实判断,并没有提及到“教师与学生 的亲密关系和学生受到语言培训的重要性”,故此题答案为C。第3部分:概括大意与完成句子

  • 第22题:

    If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.

    A

    B



  • 第23题:

    问答题
    Practice 4  Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so do cultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.  Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people’s heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a they only exist in people’s heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a person’s value system when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.

    正确答案: 【参考译文】
    儿童学习语言和文化,无须专门编制的教学计划,但他们的学习积极性很高,因为他们获得想要的东西,语言即是最有效的手段。如果一个人十来岁开始学习一门新的语言,日后他就有可能轻松自如地说这门语言。但如果到十六、七岁才学,那么他说话时多半会夹杂一些母语的痕迹。不仅语言学习呈现这种模式,文化特征,如握手、接吻和拥抱,也同样如此。
    尽管许多人认为语言存在于词典和语法中,然而事实上语言仅存在于人们的头脑里。文化特征亦然。在没有时间考虑何取何舍而必须作出关键性决定时,如跳入泛滥的河水去救一个溺水的孩子,文化特征会清楚地表现出一个人的价值体系。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第24题:

    判断题
    If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.
    A

    B


    正确答案:
    解析: 暂无解析