问答题In the early 1950s the researchers who produced the first clad glass optical fibers were not thinking of using them for communications. (1) H____, fiber optics was already a well-established commercial technology when the famous paper by Kao and Hockha
题目
问答题
In the early 1950s the researchers who produced the first clad glass optical fibers were not thinking of using them for communications. (1) H____, fiber optics was already a well-established commercial technology when the famous paper by Kao and Hockham, (2)____(claim) the use of low-loss optical fibers for communication, appeared in 1966. The first low-loss silica fiber was described in (3)____ which appeared in October of 1970. The date of this publication is sometimes (4)____(cite) as the beginning of the era of fiber communication. Although this development did receive (5)____(consider) attention in the research community at the time, it was far from inevitable that a major industry would evolve. The technological barriers appeared formidable because there were serious doubts as to (6) wh_____ these fiber components could ever be produced economically enough, but the market potential was very significant. (7)____(consequence), research and development activity expanded rapidly, and a number of important issues were (8) re_____ during the early 1970s. During the middle and late 1970s，the rate of progress towards marketable products accelerated as the emphasis (9)____(shift) from research to engineering. Fibers with losses (10) app____ the Rayleigh limit of 2 dB/km at a wavelength of 0.8μm were produced. By 1980 improvement in component performance, cost, and reliability led to major commitments on the part of telephone companies.
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第1题：
根据下列内容，回答207-210题。
The makers of Europe's toilet paper and other household paper goods are contributing todeforestation by failing to offer consumers enough recycled products, conservationists said recently.
"Everyday about 270,000 trees are effectively flushed down the toilet or end up as garbagearound the world; such a use of the forests is both wasteful and unnecessary," said Duncan Poundof WWF, formerly known as the World Wildlife Fund.
According to a WWF study, the five biggest manufacturers of disposable paper products inEurope are Procter and Gamble, SCA, Kimberly Clark, Mesa Tissue and Georgia Pacific, whichcontrolabout 70 percent of European market. The vast majorityof their products contain"alarmingly low levels" of recycled fibers, it said.
That means that"virgin fibers" extracted from natural forests and tree plantations around theworld"end up as waste without the consumer's knowledge, ” the Switzerland-based internationalconservation group said in this communique.
"Consumers have no idea that they may be threatening the world's forests when they go to thebathroom, "said Pollard, who heads the WWF program on European forests.
"The manufactures claim that retailers mainly want non-recycled products because that is whatconsumers choose." the WWF said.
"It's a myth that recycled tissue products are not of good quality." Pollard said.
The European tissue business is worth around 8.5 billion euros(10 billion dollars) annuallyand accounts for 26 percent of global consumption.
Each European uses on average 13 kilos of paper products per year, the WWF said.
The WWF has asked the companies to better inform consumers about how much of theirhousehold paper goods are made with recycled fibers and to advise them to buy bounds of recycledtoilet paper and tissues.
What does the underlined part"end up as waste without the consumer's knowledge" mean ?__________A.Consumers waste "virgin fibers" because they lack knowledge
B.Consumers don't waste "virgin fibers" without knowledge
C.Consumers stopped using "virgin fibers" as waste because of knowledge
D.Consumers waste "virgin fibers" without know it答案：D解析：根据文章第五段Pollard说的话，即“Consumers have nO idea that they may be threateningthe world’s forests when they go to the bathroom，”可知，是因为消费者自身没有意识到自己行为的后果，所有他们才这样浪费“原生纤维”。故选D。 -
第2题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test
again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not nientioned答案：B解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。 -
第3题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test
again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.If we develop bad habits early in life,they are harder to get rid of.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。 -
第4题：
共用题干
New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers
1. New research published today in the journal Nature Coniniunications,has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.
2. The research by the University of Surrey,in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton,has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides,a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping,the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component,leading to all-optical systems.
3. Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications.On the other hand,data sources such as the Internet rely on optical systems:the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are used to send information around the world at the speed of light,but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signal once they reach a computer,causing a significant slowdown in processing.
4 .“The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information,we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data,”said project leader,Dr. Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.
5 .“This has eluded researchers for decades,but now we have shown how a widely used glass Call be manipulated to conduct negative electrons,as well as positive charges,creating what are known as‘pn-junction'devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source,a light guide and a light detecto—something that can carry and interpret optical information.In doing so,this could transform the computers of tomorrow,allowing them to effectively process infonna- tion at much faster speeds.”
6. The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years .In the short term,the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM,which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.Paragraph 3_________
A: Expectation of the discovery
B:The problem of current computers.
C:.A new finding
D: The purpose of the research
E: Public reaction to the discovery
F: The use of the new material答案：B解析：本段大意：由三所大学共同合作进行的研究发现，改变无定型硫属化合物的电子特性是有可能的。研究团队通过使用离子注入的技术，发现了一种可以使用光汇集不同的计算功能组合到一个组件的物质，形成全光系统。因此本段主要介绍研究团队的新发现，故选C。
本段第三句提到，光纤被用来在世界各地以光的速度传递信息，但是一旦信号到达一台电脑，这些信号必须转换为电信号，导致处理速度严重放慢。很显然，这是当前电脑的一个问题。故选B。
根据理查德的话可以知道，研究的目的是使用光来传递和处理计算机数据。本段主要介绍研究的目的，故选D。
本段主要介绍如何把应用广泛的玻璃处理成可以同时传导正、负电子的设备。也就是在研究中引入新的材料。故选F。
根据第一段“This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.”可知，研究结果可以提高电脑的数据处理速率。故选B。
根据第三段第一句可知，当前电脑是用电子（electrons）来传递信息的。
根据第二段的“…material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.”可知，选F。其中的material 指的就是the new glass material。
根据第五段“This should enable the material to act as a light source… that can carry and interpret optical information.”可找出答案。故选A。 -
第5题：
共用题干
New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers
1. New research published today in the journal Nature Coniniunications,has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.
2. The research by the University of Surrey,in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton,has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides,a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping,the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component,leading to all-optical systems.
3. Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications.On the other hand,data sources such as the Internet rely on optical systems:the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are used to send information around the world at the speed of light,but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signal once they reach a computer,causing a significant slowdown in processing.
4 .“The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information,we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data,”said project leader,Dr. Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.
5 .“This has eluded researchers for decades,but now we have shown how a widely used glass Call be manipulated to conduct negative electrons,as well as positive charges,creating what are known as‘pn-junction'devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source,a light guide and a light detecto—something that can carry and interpret optical information.In doing so,this could transform the computers of tomorrow,allowing them to effectively process infonna- tion at much faster speeds.”
6. The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years .In the short term,the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM,which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.Current computers transfer information using__________.
A: optical information
B: processing speeds
C: electrons
D:positive charges
E: data technologies
F: all-optical systems答案：C解析：本段大意：由三所大学共同合作进行的研究发现，改变无定型硫属化合物的电子特性是有可能的。研究团队通过使用离子注入的技术，发现了一种可以使用光汇集不同的计算功能组合到一个组件的物质，形成全光系统。因此本段主要介绍研究团队的新发现，故选C。
本段第三句提到，光纤被用来在世界各地以光的速度传递信息，但是一旦信号到达一台电脑，这些信号必须转换为电信号，导致处理速度严重放慢。很显然，这是当前电脑的一个问题。故选B。
根据理查德的话可以知道，研究的目的是使用光来传递和处理计算机数据。本段主要介绍研究的目的，故选D。
本段主要介绍如何把应用广泛的玻璃处理成可以同时传导正、负电子的设备。也就是在研究中引入新的材料。故选F。
根据第一段“This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.”可知，研究结果可以提高电脑的数据处理速率。故选B。
根据第三段第一句可知，当前电脑是用电子（electrons）来传递信息的。
根据第二段的“…material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.”可知，选F。其中的material 指的就是the new glass material。
根据第五段“This should enable the material to act as a light source… that can carry and interpret optical information.”可找出答案。故选A。 -
第6题：
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is an important innovation in optical networks.Which two descriptions best define DWDM?（）
- A、optical technology for transmitting up to 32 channels over multiple fiber strands
- B、optical technology for transmitting up to 16 channels over multiple fiber strands
- C、a WDM system that is compatible with EDFA technology
- D、a technology for transmitting more closely packed optical signals using more sophisticated transceiver designs than CWDM .
正确答案:C,D -
第7题：
Why did the early settlers come to America? Who were the Pilgrims? Who were the Puritans? What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?
正确答案:—— The early settlers came to America either for the opportunity to realize their dreams and better their lives or for the freedom from religious and governmental persecution. The Pilgrims were persons who suffered religious persecution in England and went to Holland and later moved to America in 1620. The Puritans were the members of a Protestant group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England. Dissatisfied and threatened in England, they saw America as a refuge and migrated to America since 1630. There were a number of features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development. They were: representative form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise. -
第8题：
单选题According to the passage, dairies are ______.Aexperimenting with the use of paper bottles
Bgiving up the use of glass bottles
Cincreasing the use of plastic bottles
Dre-using their paper containers
正确答案： C解析：
由文章第三段最后两句话“But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles. ”可知更多的乳品公司在尝试使用塑料瓶。A、D两项很容易排除。B项说正在放弃使用玻璃瓶，文章只说玻璃瓶的使用正受到威胁并没有放弃的意思，故不选B。选C。 -
第9题：
问答题In the early 1950s the researchers who produced the first clad glass optical fibers were not thinking of using them for communications. (1) H____, fiber optics was already a well-established commercial technology when the famous paper by Kao and Hockham, (2)____(claim) the use of low-loss optical fibers for communication, appeared in 1966. The first low-loss silica fiber was described in (3)____ which appeared in October of 1970. The date of this publication is sometimes (4)____(cite) as the beginning of the era of fiber communication. Although this development did receive (5)____(consider) attention in the research community at the time, it was far from inevitable that a major industry would evolve. The technological barriers appeared formidable because there were serious doubts as to (6) wh_____ these fiber components could ever be produced economically enough, but the market potential was very significant. (7)____(consequence), research and development activity expanded rapidly, and a number of important issues were (8) re_____ during the early 1970s. During the middle and late 1970s，the rate of progress towards marketable products accelerated as the emphasis (9)____(shift) from research to engineering. Fibers with losses (10) app____ the Rayleigh limit of 2 dB/km at a wavelength of 0.8μm were produced. By 1980 improvement in component performance, cost, and reliability led to major commitments on the part of telephone companies.正确答案：
1.However 此处句意发生转折。此句译为:50年代初期,那些生产出第一批被覆层玻璃光纤的研究者们尚未考虑将光纤应用到通信中。然而,当1966年Kao和Hockham发表著名论文,提出把低耗光纤应用于通讯中时,纤维光学已经成为一个相当成熟的商业技术了。
2.claiming 现在分词作后置定语。
3.publication 从下句的this publication可知答案为publication。
4.cited 此处为被动语态。句意为:这篇文章发表的日期经常被人们称为光纤通讯时代的起始日。
5.considerable 此处需要形容词形式修饰名词attention。considerable attention相当多的关注。此句可译为:尽管当时这项技术在研究领域确实引起了极大的关注,但要发展成一个重要产业还相差甚远。
6.whether 此句可译为:该技术障碍似乎难以逾越,因为人们十分怀疑这些纤维构件是否可以以足够低的成本生产出来,但是市场潜力是十分巨大的。
7.Consequently 此句成分完整,用表示因果关系的副词consequently以与上句的联系紧凑。
8.resolved resolve找到解决…的方法,与issues搭配,指一系列问题得到了解决。
9.shifted shift指位置或方向的移动、改变;指由一种形式或用途改变为另一种形式或用途。
10.approaching approaching the Rayleigh limit接近瑞利极限。解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
问答题Early in the seventeenth century English settlers brought the English language within the borders of the present United States. In using the language in this new environment they began immediately and necessarily to modify it. As time passed more colonists came and the settled areas along the Atlantic coast became larger. Modifications in the English brought from the homeland multiplied. For a long time neither the users of this changed form of English nor those who remained in England paid particular attention to what was happening to the language here. Those in England who first noticed the changes viewed the matter with easy tolerance. But in time, because of circumstances unnecessary to detail here, this attitude changed to one of alarm and criticism. Those in this country of sufficient education and culture to know or care about this linguistic matter were divided in their thinking. Some were disposed to agree with their overseas critics and to counsel stricter adherence to orthodox use of the language; others were of a decidedly contrary view.正确答案：
17世纪初,英国移民将英语带入今天的美利坚合众国境内。在新环境中使用英语时,他们不得不立刻开始改变这种语言。随着时光的流逝,越来越多的殖民者来到这里,沿大西洋海岸建立起来的移民区逐渐扩大。从英国带来的英语在这里发生了很大的变化。然而,在相当长的一段时间里,无论是使用这种变化了的英语的人,还是留在英国本土的人,对英语在这块新大陆上正在发生的变化都没有给予特别的注意。在英国,最早注意到这种变化的人对这一现象采取了一种较为宽容的态度。但是经过一段时间以后,由于一些无须在此详述的情况,人们开始对这种变化感到恐慌,并采取批评的态度。在美国,受到良好教育、文化素质又高因而能了解或关注这种语言变化的人在观点上产生分歧:一些人愿意接受海外批评家的意见,主张更严格地遵循英语语言传统的用法;而另一些人则持完全相反的态度。解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
单选题What are hamburgers most likely to be named after?AThe recipe for making them.
BThe person who invented them.
CThe place where they were first sold.
DThe restaurant where they are initially served.
正确答案： C解析： -
第12题：
单选题You deployed new fibers in your network to replace copper spans that were too long. While reconnecting the network， you experienced network problems because you reconnected wrong fibers to wrong ports. What could you do to prevent this type of problem in the future， particularly when connecting and reconnecting fiber pairs？ （）AOnly use fiber in pairs.
BConfigure root guard on your switches.
CDo not use fiber but use copper.
DConfigure UDLD to prevent one-way link conditions.
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test
again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first?
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。 -
第14题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test
again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。 -
第15题：
共用题干
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test
again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。 -
第16题：
共用题干
New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers
1. New research published today in the journal Nature Coniniunications,has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.
2. The research by the University of Surrey,in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton,has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides,a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping,the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component,leading to all-optical systems.
3. Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications.On the other hand,data sources such as the Internet rely on optical systems:the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are used to send information around the world at the speed of light,but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signal once they reach a computer,causing a significant slowdown in processing.
4 .“The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information,we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data,”said project leader,Dr. Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.
5 .“This has eluded researchers for decades,but now we have shown how a widely used glass Call be manipulated to conduct negative electrons,as well as positive charges,creating what are known as‘pn-junction'devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source,a light guide and a light detecto—something that can carry and interpret optical information.In doing so,this could transform the computers of tomorrow,allowing them to effectively process infonna- tion at much faster speeds.”
6. The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years .In the short term,the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM,which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.The result of the research can help computers to increase_________.
A: optical information
B: processing speeds
C: electrons
D:positive charges
E: data technologies
F: all-optical systems答案：B解析：本段大意：由三所大学共同合作进行的研究发现，改变无定型硫属化合物的电子特性是有可能的。研究团队通过使用离子注入的技术，发现了一种可以使用光汇集不同的计算功能组合到一个组件的物质，形成全光系统。因此本段主要介绍研究团队的新发现，故选C。
本段第三句提到，光纤被用来在世界各地以光的速度传递信息，但是一旦信号到达一台电脑，这些信号必须转换为电信号，导致处理速度严重放慢。很显然，这是当前电脑的一个问题。故选B。
根据理查德的话可以知道，研究的目的是使用光来传递和处理计算机数据。本段主要介绍研究的目的，故选D。
本段主要介绍如何把应用广泛的玻璃处理成可以同时传导正、负电子的设备。也就是在研究中引入新的材料。故选F。
根据第一段“This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.”可知，研究结果可以提高电脑的数据处理速率。故选B。
根据第三段第一句可知，当前电脑是用电子（electrons）来传递信息的。
根据第二段的“…material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.”可知，选F。其中的material 指的就是the new glass material。
根据第五段“This should enable the material to act as a light source… that can carry and interpret optical information.”可找出答案。故选A。 -
第17题：
共用题干
New Research Lights the Way to Super-fast Computers
1. New research published today in the journal Nature Coniniunications,has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.
2. The research by the University of Surrey,in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton,has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides,a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping,the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component,leading to all-optical systems.
3. Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications.On the other hand,data sources such as the Internet rely on optical systems:the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are used to send information around the world at the speed of light,but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signal once they reach a computer,causing a significant slowdown in processing.
4 .“The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information,we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data,”said project leader,Dr. Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.
5 .“This has eluded researchers for decades,but now we have shown how a widely used glass Call be manipulated to conduct negative electrons,as well as positive charges,creating what are known as‘pn-junction'devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source,a light guide and a light detecto—something that can carry and interpret optical information.In doing so,this could transform the computers of tomorrow,allowing them to effectively process infonna- tion at much faster speeds.”
6. The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years .In the short term,the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM,which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.Glass is used in the research to carry and process__________.
A: optical information
B: processing speeds
C: electrons
D:positive charges
E: data technologies
F: all-optical systems答案：A解析：本段大意：由三所大学共同合作进行的研究发现，改变无定型硫属化合物的电子特性是有可能的。研究团队通过使用离子注入的技术，发现了一种可以使用光汇集不同的计算功能组合到一个组件的物质，形成全光系统。因此本段主要介绍研究团队的新发现，故选C。
本段第三句提到，光纤被用来在世界各地以光的速度传递信息，但是一旦信号到达一台电脑，这些信号必须转换为电信号，导致处理速度严重放慢。很显然，这是当前电脑的一个问题。故选B。
根据理查德的话可以知道，研究的目的是使用光来传递和处理计算机数据。本段主要介绍研究的目的，故选D。
本段主要介绍如何把应用广泛的玻璃处理成可以同时传导正、负电子的设备。也就是在研究中引入新的材料。故选F。
根据第一段“This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.”可知，研究结果可以提高电脑的数据处理速率。故选B。
根据第三段第一句可知，当前电脑是用电子（electrons）来传递信息的。
根据第二段的“…material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.”可知，选F。其中的material 指的就是the new glass material。
根据第五段“This should enable the material to act as a light source… that can carry and interpret optical information.”可找出答案。故选A。 -
第18题：
You deployed new fibers in your network to replace copper spans that were too long. While reconnecting the network， you experienced network problems because you reconnected wrong fibers to wrong ports. What could you do to prevent this type of problem in the future， particularly when connecting and reconnecting fiber pairs？ （）
- A、 Only use fiber in pairs.
- B、 Configure root guard on your switches.
- C、 Do not use fiber but use copper.
- D、 Configure UDLD to prevent one-way link conditions.
正确答案:D -
第19题：
What two descriptions best define DWDM？ （）
- A、 a WDM system that is compatible with EDFA technology
- B、 an optical technology for transmitting up to 16 channels over multiple fiber strands
- C、 an optical technology for transmitting up to 32 channels over multiple fiber strands
- D、 a technology for transmitting multiple optical signals using less sophisticated transceiver designthen CWDM
- E、 a technology for transmitting more closely packed optical signals using more sophisticatedtransceiver designs than CWDM
正确答案:A,E -
第20题：
问答题Practice 2 Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, but he was the first man to mass-produce it, and this made it available to the ordinary man. Many automobiles were being built by the hand at the turn of the century and were much too expensive for all but the wealthy. In 1903 Henry Ford's first mass-produced Model T cars cost $850. By the early 1920s he was able to reduce the price, to $350. Between 1903 and 1927 Ford manufactured 15 million Model T Fords and earned a profit of $700 million. In 1927 he produced his sedan Model A, which was much more comfortable than the open, windswept Model T. Henry Ford was himself a born mechanic and could build a car with his own hands. So he respected his workers and treated them well. In 1914, when the basic wage for an industrial worker in Detroit was $11 a week, Ford announced that he would pay his Workers $5 a day. Ford believed in the dignity of work, and did not wish his men to become underpaid robots. He also built them a special town on the outskirts of the city.正确答案： 【参考译文】
汽车不是亨利·福特发明的,但他却是使用机器大量生产汽车的第一人,从而使普通老百姓也能拥有汽车。在20世纪初,许多汽车是手工制造的,对于除富人以外的所有其他人来说,其价格实在太贵。1903年,亨利·福特第一批大量生产的T型汽车每辆卖850美元。到20世纪20年代初,他却能把价格降到350美元。1903年至l927年期间,福特制造了1500万辆T型福特车,赚取7亿美元的利润。1927年,福特生产出A型轿车,比敞篷式不挡风的T型车舒服得多。
亨利·福特是天生的汽车机修师,他能用双手造出汽车。所以他尊重工人,并善待他们。1914年,底特律产业工人的基本工资是每周11美元,而福特却宣布他给工人的报酬是每天5美元。他信奉工作是高尚的,不希望他的工人沦为收入低下的苦力。他还在底特律郊区专门为他们建造了一个镇子。 解析： 暂无解析 -
第21题：
多选题What two descriptions best define DWDM？ （）Aa WDM system that is compatible with EDFA technology
Ban optical technology for transmitting up to 16 channels over multiple fiber strands
Can optical technology for transmitting up to 32 channels over multiple fiber strands
Da technology for transmitting multiple optical signals using less sophisticated transceiver designthen CWDM
Ea technology for transmitting more closely packed optical signals using more sophisticatedtransceiver designs than CWDM
正确答案： B,A解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题According to the passage, short feature films produced as early as 1992 ______.Awere recorded by optical sensors
Bput musicians out of work
Cwere only effective for dialogue sequences
Dpreceded talking pictures
正确答案： B解析：
文章最后指出早在1922年的短故事片（feature films）就是以这种方式制造的，该系统最终带来了“talking pictures”，即有声电影，可知1922年的短故事片之后出现了有声电影。因此D项正确。precede在…之前。 -
第23题：
多选题Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is an important innovation in optical networks.Which two descriptions best define DWDM?（）Aoptical technology for transmitting up to 32 channels over multiple fiber strands
Boptical technology for transmitting up to 16 channels over multiple fiber strands
Ca WDM system that is compatible with EDFA technology
Da technology for transmitting more closely packed optical signals using more sophisticated transceiver designs than CWDM .
正确答案： A,B解析： 暂无解析 -
第24题：
问答题Why did the early settlers come to America? Who were the Pilgrims? Who were the Puritans? What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?正确答案： —— The early settlers came to America either for the opportunity to realize their dreams and better their lives or for the freedom from religious and governmental persecution. The Pilgrims were persons who suffered religious persecution in England and went to Holland and later moved to America in 1620. The Puritans were the members of a Protestant group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England. Dissatisfied and threatened in England, they saw America as a refuge and migrated to America since 1630. There were a number of features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development. They were: representative form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.解析： 暂无解析