All loss of time and expenses（excluding any damage to or loss of the Vessel）_______ in saving or attempting to save life and in unsuccessful attempts at salvage shall be borne equally by Owners and Charterers．A.OccurredB.HappenedC.AppearedD.Incurred

An underwriter is liable for ______.

A.loss arising from the subject itself because of its inherent qualities

B.loss caused by the ordinary evaporation of liquids

C.loss caused by heavy weather

D.the natural decay of the vessel due to the passage of time

If the Charterer sends the vessel on her last voyage at a time when there is no expectation that she will be redelivered within a reasonable time of the end of the period of the Charterparty，and she is in fact redelivered late，he ______.

A.has properly fulfilled the contract

B.is not guilty of a breach of contract

C.is entitled a right to take legal action against any loss or damage he suffered in this connection

D.is guilty of a breach of contract

A Certificate of Financial Responsibility attests that the vessel ______.

A.has financial backing to meet any liability resulting from the discharge of oil

B.has the minimum required amount of P & I and hull insurance

C.will assume the responsibility for any damage or loss to the shipper

D.has financial reserves to meet reasonable expected crew costs of an intended voyage

A “loose” tow may cause all of the following EXCEPT ______．

A.loss of maneuverability

B.lines to part

C.damage to the towing vessel and tow

D.a saving in the transit time

材料：

The shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks，number，quantity and weight，as furnished by him，and the shipper shall indemnify the carrier against all loss，damages and expenses arising or resulting from inaccuracies in such particulars．The right of the carrier to such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and liability under the contract of carriage to any person other than the shipper．

Unless notice of loss or damage and the general nature of such loss or damage be given before or at the time of the removal of the GOODs into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof under the contract of carriage，or，if the loss or damage be not apparent，within three days，such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the carrier of the GOODs as described in the bill of lading．

The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the GOODs has，at the time of their receipt，been the subject of joint survey or inspection．

In any event the carrier and the ship shall be discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the GOODs or the date when the GOODs should have been delivered. In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the carrier and the receiver shall give all reasonable facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the GOODs．

问题：

It can be concluded that the purpose of this clause is to protect the interest of ________．

A.ship owners

B.shippers

C.charterers

D.the merchant

The duration of the liability of the carrier or ship in respect of loss of or damage to cargo is ________．A.one year

B.three days

C.not mentioned

D.variable with the kind of cargo carried and the voyage the vessel has completed

This clause is most likely extracted from ________．A.Hague Rules

B.Marpol 73/78

C.SOLAS

D.IMDG Code

It is provided in the clause that ________．A.the shipper shall not indemnify the carrier against all loss，damages and expenses arising or resulting from inaccuracies in particulars concerning cargoes

B.the shipper shall indemnify the carrier against no loss，damage and expense arising or resulting from inaccuracies in particulars concerning cargoes

C.the shipper shall not be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks，number，quantity and weight，as furnished by him

D.the shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks，number，quantity and weight，as furnished by him

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

材料:

Some older decisions have held that the carrier，in order to rebut the presumption of liability resulting from the arrival in damaged condition of GOODs shipped undamaged，must prove not only that the loss or damage was caused by one of the excepted perils，but also that the harm did not result from any negligence on the carrier&39;s part．

Most more recent decisions and authors，however，uphold the view that，in general，the carrier may rebut the claimant&39;s prima facie case simply by proving that the loss was caused by an excepted peril．At that point，the onus switches to the cargo claimant to prove that the true cause of the loss was the carrier&39;s negligence．

Nevertheless certain Hague and Hague/Visby Rules exceptions，expressly or implicitly，also require the carrier to negative its own negligence in proving the exception itself．For example，a clause in the said rules expressly imposes on the carrier the burden of proving that the loss or damage occurred without its actual fault or privity and without any fault or neglect on the part of its servants or agents．

The carrier，however，must truly prove the existence of one or more of the exceptions and their causative role in respect of the loss or damage．Conjectures and speculation do not take the place of hard evidence．A court has held：“Mere speculation will not overcome the prima facie evidence of a clean bill of lading”．

问题：

The carrier will be held liable for the loss or damage if _______．

A.it is proved that he has privity to the loss or damage

B.it is proved that the fault or neglect on his part is not the true cause of the loss or damage

C.it is too onerous for him to demonstrate that the loss or damage is caused by what is beyond his control

D.if there are conjectures and speculation

In accordance with old decisions，the carrier will not be excused unless he has proved that _______．A.not only the loss or damage was caused by one of the excepted perils，but also that the harm did not result from any negligence on the his part

B.the loss or damage was caused by one of the excepted perils

C.the harm did not result from any negligence on his part

D.there are conjectures and speculation

In accordance with most more recent decisions and authors，the carrier will not be excused unless he has proved that _______．A.not only the loss or damage was caused by one of the excepted perils，but also that the harm did not result from any negligence on the his part

B.the loss or damage was caused by one of the excepted perils

C.the harm did not result from any negligence on his part

D.there are conjectures and speculation

It is concluded that _______．A.The carrier is not in a position to prove the loss or damage is substantially caused by one or more of the excepted perils

B.It can not be decided that whether the carrier has to prove the loss or damage is substantially caused by one or more of the excepted perils because there are some differences between the decisions and authors and requirements of Hague and Hague/Visby Rules

C.The carrier does not have to prove the loss or damage is substantially caused by one or more of the excepted perils due to the fact that there are some differences between the decisions and authors and requirements of Hague and Hague/Visby Rules

D.The carrier must truly prove the loss or damage is substantially caused by one or more of the excepted perils even there are some differences between the decisions and authors and requirements of Hague and Hague/Visby Rules

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

According to SINOTIME Charter In the event of loss of time due to __________，hire will not cease.

A.detention of or interference with the Vessel by any authorities in consequence of legal action against，or breach of regulations by the Owners，Master，Officers or Crew

B.stoppages resulting from any breach of this Charter by the Owners

C.deviation，putting back or putting into any port other than that to which she is bound under the instructions of Charterers for any reason or for any purpose

D.reasonable deviation

Owners are to be responsible for loss of or damage to the goods or delay in delivery of the goods only in case the loss，damage or delay has been caused by the improper or negligent stowage of the goods．This means that ______.

A.Owners are to be responsible for loss or damage even such loss or damage is not caused by the improper stowage

B.Owners are only responsible for the loss or damage or delay caused by improper or negligent stowage．

C.Both A and B are right

D.Both A and B are wrong

The Insurance Company shall be liable for ______.

A.loss or damage caused by unseaworthiness of the insured ship

B.demurrage of the insured ship and other indirect expenses

C.reasonable expenses for ascertaining the loss or damage within the scope of Cover

D.A，B，C are all wrong

In accordance with GENCON，Owners shall have a lien on ______ for detention．

A.the cargo for freight，dead-freight，demurrage and damages

B.dispatch money

C.premium if paid

D.total and/or partial loss of and/or damage to the vessel

材料：

When expenses are incurred the liability under this insurance shall not exceed the proportion of such expenses that the amount insured hereunder bears to the value of the Vessel as stated herein，or to the sound value of the Vessel at the time of the occurrence giving rise to the expenditure if the sound value exceeds that value．Where the Underwriters have admitted a claim for total loss and property insured by this insurance is saved，the foregoing provisions shall not apply unless the expenses of suing and labouring exceed the value of such property saved and then shall apply only to the amount of the expenses which is in excess of such value．

When a claim for total loss of the Vessel is admitted under this insurance and expenses have been reasonably incurred in saving or attempting to save the Vessel and other property and there are no proceeds，or the expenses exceed the proceeds，then this insurance shall bear its pro rata share of such proportion of the expenses，or of the expenses in excess of the proceeds，as the case may be，as may reasonably be regarded as having been incurred in respect of the Vessel，but if the Vessel be insured for less than its sound value at the time of the occurrence giving rise to the expenditure，the amount recoverable under this clause shall be reduced in proportion to the under-insurance．

问题：

Of the following，_______ only is correct．

A.The stated value of the vessel is always higher than its ensured value

B.The sound value of the vessel at the time of the occurrence is always higher than its ensured value

C.The sound value of the vessel at the time of the occurrence is always higher than its stated value

D.The sound value of the vessel at the time of the occurrence is always higher than its saved value

Assuming the sound value of the vessel at the time of accident is $10 millions，the insured value $9 millions，the stated value $8 millions，the expense incurred $2 millions，the liability under this insurance is likely to be _______．A.$2.0 millions

B.$1.8 millions

C.$1.6 millions

D.$1.4 millions

Under afore-said conditions，assuming the expense of suing and labouring is $3 millions，the proceeds $2 million，and the Underwriter has admitted a claim for total loss，the liability under this insurance is likely to be _______．A.$0.9 million

B.$0.8 million

C.$1.0 million

D.$2.0 millions

Under previous conditions，assuming the saved value is $1 million，the expense of suing and labouring $3 millions，and the Underwriter has admitted a claim for total loss，the liability under this insurance is likely to be _______．A.$2.0 millions

B.$1.8 millions

C.$1.6 millions

D.$1.4 millions

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

材料：

Immediately upon receipt of advice of any accident or loss to the insured vessel，it is the duty of the Insured to give notice to the Insurer within 48 hours，and if the vessel is abroad，to the Insurer&39;s nearest agent immediately，and to take all reasonable measures for the purpose of averting or minimizing a loss which would be recoverable under this insurance． Measures taken by the Insured or the Insurer with the object of averting or minimizing a loss which would be recoverable under this insurance shall not be considered as waiver or acceptance of abandonment or otherwise prejudice the rights of either party．

The Insured shall obtain prior agreement of the Insurer in determining the liabilities and expenses in respect of the insured vessel．

In submitting a claim for loss，the Insured shall transfer to the Insurer all necessary documents，and assist him in pursuing recovery against the third party in case of third party liabilities or expenses being involved.

问题：

Which are the duties of the Insured upon receipt of advice of any accident or loss to the insured vessel ___________．

I．To take all reasonable measures for the purpose of averting or minimizing a loss insured against；

II．To give notice to the Insurer within 48 hours；

III．To obtain prior agreement of the Insurer in determining the measures to be taken for the purpose of minimizing a loss insured against．

A.I，II and III

B.I and II

C.I and III

D.II and III

The word“abandonment”in the second paragraph of this passage means ______．A.“giving up the hope to rescue the insured ship”

B.“leaving the sinking ship”

C.“discharging the Insurer's liability for the insured ship”

D.“giving the ownership of the insured vessel to the Insurer”

If third party liabilities or expenses is involved in a claim for loss，the Insured shall ______．A.transfer all necessary documents to the third party

B.assist the Insurer in pursuing recovery against the third party

C.obtain prior agreement of the third party in determining the liabilities and expenses in respect of the insured vessel

D.ask the third party to accept abandonment

“Third party”in the last paragraph of this passage refers to ______．A.the Insurer

B.the Insured

C.any party other than the Insurer and the Insured

D.either the Insurer or the Insured

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！