共用题干 It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A _________(51)report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of___________(52)in social environment.

请阅读Passage l，完成第小题。
Passage 1
Move over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade,they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.
The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is "the decline in the death rate of the elderly", says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in this process to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. "There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.
A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyond. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.
There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modern medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. "We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations. We are less damaged," says Professor Kirkwood. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.
Nearly one-in-five people currently in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK--from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.
Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more.
"This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality," the researchers said.
We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. "There has been no flattening out of the best of the best--the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and low mortality," he says.
These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.
Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for--but environment is still the most important factor.
It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the world. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. "I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow," says Tom, "but we just don't know."

Which statement below is TRUE concerning life expectancy according to the passage?
查看材料

A．Life expectancy goes on rising forever.
B．There could be further increases in life expectancy.
C．Life expectancy has slowed down since 1950s and it will stop.
D．Life expectancy in Japan doubles what it was 200 years ago.

请阅读Passage l，完成第小题。
Passage 1
Move over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade,they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.
The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is "the decline in the death rate of the elderly", says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in this process to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. "There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.
A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyond. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.
There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modern medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. "We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations. We are less damaged," says Professor Kirkwood. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.
Nearly one-in-five people currently in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK--from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.
Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more.
"This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality," the researchers said.
We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. "There has been no flattening out of the best of the best--the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and low mortality," he says.
These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.
Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for--but environment is still the most important factor.
It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the world. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. "I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow," says Tom, "but we just don't know."

The underlined phrase "this process" in Paragraph 2 refers to __________process.
查看材料

A．the ageing
B．the body-evolving
C．the genes-repairing
D．the body's putting-off-damage

请阅读短文，完成此题。
Move over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century andstill doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade,they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down andthen stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.
The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is "the decline in the death rate of theelderly", says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies areevolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in this process to putoff the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by thereahties of the ageing process."There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.
A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyond. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.
There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease."We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations. We are less damaged," says Professor Kirkwood. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.
Nearly one-in-five people currently in the UK will live to see their lOOth birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK--from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.
Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stoppedshort of predicting anything more.
"This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead toimmortality," the researchers said.
We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. "There has been no flattening out of the best of the best--the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and low mortalit_y"he says.
These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.
Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for---but environment is still the most important factor.
It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the world. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. "I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow," says Tom, "but we just donTt know."

The underlined phrase "low mortality" in Paragraph 8 could best be replaced by_________
查看材料

A．short life span
B．low death rate
C．low illness rate
D．good health condition

共用题干
It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A _________(51)report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of___________(52)in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work__________(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and whether there is a lesson to be__________(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we___________(55)any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there some secret__________(56)in the Japanese diet that is particularly __________(57)to the human body?
Another factor___________(58)to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate. Although longer life should be celebrated,it is___________(59)considered a social problem. The number of older people had_________(60)in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The country could soon be__________(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old people to be looked_________(62)and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
__________(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a____________(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It's important that the elderly play active_________(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

_________(52)
A:increase
B:progress
C:growth
D:improvement

When countries develop economically,people live longer lives.Development experts have long Delieved this is because having more money expands lifespan,but a massive new study suggests that education may play a bigger role.The finding has huge implications for public health spending.Back in 1975,economists plotted rising life expectancies against countries'wealth,and concluded that wealth itself increases longevity.It seemed self-evident:everything people need to be health from food to medical care--costs money But soon it emerged that the data didn't always fit that theory.Economic upturns didn’t always mean longer lives.In addition,for reasons that weren't clear,a given gain in gross domestic product（GDP）caused increasingly higher gains in life expectancy over time,as though it was becoming cheaper to add years of life.Me moreover,in the 1980s researchers found ga ins in literacy were associated with greater increases in life expectancy than gains in wealth were Finally,the more educated people in any country tend to live longer than their less educated compatriots.But such people also tend to be wealthier,so it has been difficult to untangle which factor is increasing lifespan Permanent change Wolfgang Lutz of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Vienna and colleagues have now done that by compiling average data on GDP per person,lifespans,and years of education from 174 countries,dating from 1970 to 2010 They found that,Just as in 1975,wealth correlated with longevity.But the correlation between longevity and years of schooling was closer,with a direct relationship that did not change over time way wealth does When the team put both these factors into the same mathematical model,they found that differences in education closely predicted differences in life expectancy,while changes in wealth barely mattered Lutz argues that because schooling happens many years before a person has attained their life expectancy,this correlation reflects cause:better education drives longer life.It also tends to lead to more wealh,which is why wealth and longevity are also correlated.But what is important,says Lutz,is that wealth does not seem to be driving longevity,as experts thought-in fact,education is driving both of them Lifestyle choices Some medical professionals may not like these findings,"says Lutz,as they suggest schools may be a better health investment than high-tech hospitals.But RudigerKrech at the World Health Organization welcomes the study."It confirms education as a major social determinant of health,"he says-aconcept WHO actively promotes.But if medical health experts welcome the findings,economists are less comfortable Sangheon Lee,at the UN International Labour Organisation in Geneva,Switzerland agrees education affects lifespan but doubts that simple models like Lutz's can fully resolve cause and effect."It's a very difficult econometric problem,"he says,with health,wealth and education all affecting each other But Lutz says that extreme examples are telling.Cuba is dead poor but has a higher life expectancy than the US because it is well educated.Meanwhile in oil-rich but poorly-educated Equatorial Guinea,people rarely reach 60
The case of Cuba in the last paragraph is used to

A.demonstrate that Cuba is a developing country with long life expectancy
B.show Cuba is a developing country and is often depicted as a very poor count
C.show that it ranks much better than most countries in Latin America in education
D.illustrate more education is what makes people live longer,not more money

When countries develop economically,people live longer lives.Development experts have long Delieved this is because having more money expands lifespan,but a massive new study suggests that education may play a bigger role.The finding has huge implications for public health spending.Back in 1975,economists plotted rising life expectancies against countries'wealth,and concluded that wealth itself increases longevity.It seemed self-evident:everything people need to be health from food to medical care--costs money But soon it emerged that the data didn't always fit that theory.Economic upturns didn’t always mean longer lives.In addition,for reasons that weren't clear,a given gain in gross domestic product（GDP）caused increasingly higher gains in life expectancy over time,as though it was becoming cheaper to add years of life.Me moreover,in the 1980s researchers found ga ins in literacy were associated with greater increases in life expectancy than gains in wealth were Finally,the more educated people in any country tend to live longer than their less educated compatriots.But such people also tend to be wealthier,so it has been difficult to untangle which factor is increasing lifespan Permanent change Wolfgang Lutz of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Vienna and colleagues have now done that by compiling average data on GDP per person,lifespans,and years of education from 174 countries,dating from 1970 to 2010 They found that,Just as in 1975,wealth correlated with longevity.But the correlation between longevity and years of schooling was closer,with a direct relationship that did not change over time way wealth does When the team put both these factors into the same mathematical model,they found that differences in education closely predicted differences in life expectancy,while changes in wealth barely mattered Lutz argues that because schooling happens many years before a person has attained their life expectancy,this correlation reflects cause:better education drives longer life.It also tends to lead to more wealh,which is why wealth and longevity are also correlated.But what is important,says Lutz,is that wealth does not seem to be driving longevity,as experts thought-in fact,education is driving both of them Lifestyle choices Some medical professionals may not like these findings,"says Lutz,as they suggest schools may be a better health investment than high-tech hospitals.But RudigerKrech at the World Health Organization welcomes the study."It confirms education as a major social determinant of health,"he says-aconcept WHO actively promotes.But if medical health experts welcome the findings,economists are less comfortable Sangheon Lee,at the UN International Labour Organisation in Geneva,Switzerland agrees education affects lifespan but doubts that simple models like Lutz's can fully resolve cause and effect."It's a very difficult econometric problem,"he says,with health,wealth and education all affecting each other But Lutz says that extreme examples are telling.Cuba is dead poor but has a higher life expectancy than the US because it is well educated.Meanwhile in oil-rich but poorly-educated Equatorial Guinea,people rarely reach 60
Why did RudigerKrech support the findings of Wolfgang Lutz?

A.Because it is identical to the notion of Who.
B.Because it is contrary to economists'concept.
C.Because it helps promote people’s longevity
D.Because it can fully revolve the cause and effect

共用题干
Old and Active

It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A________(51)
report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result
of the________(52)in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work__________(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and
whether there is a lesson to be_________(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us.Should we________
(55)any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there some
secret___________(56)in the Japanese diet that is particularly___________(57)to the human body?
Another factor____________(58)to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate.Although
longer life should be celebrated,it is____________(59)considered a social problem.The number of older
people had__________(60)in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The
country could soon be____________(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old people to be looked
___________(62),and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
___________(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work can give
the elderly a___________(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It's important that the elderly play active
________(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

_________(56)
A:ingredient
B:component
C:portion
D:helping

共用题干
It is well一known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A______(51)
report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of
___________(52)in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work___________(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and
whether there is a lesson to be__________(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we_________(55)
any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there any secret
ingredient in the Japanese diet___________(56)is particularly beneficial____________(57)the human body?
Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a___________(58)in birthrate.
Although longer________(59)should be celebrated,it is actually considered as a social problem.The
___________(60)of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and
medical costs.The country could soon be__________(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old
people to be looked____________(62)and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support
them.
_________(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work can give the
elderly a________(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It'S important that the elderly play active
___________(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

_________(52)
A:increase
B:progress
C:growth
D:improvement

共用题干
It is well一known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A______(51)
report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of
___________(52)in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work___________(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and
whether there is a lesson to be__________(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we_________(55)
any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there any secret
ingredient in the Japanese diet___________(56)is particularly beneficial____________(57)the human body?
Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a___________(58)in birthrate.
Although longer________(59)should be celebrated,it is actually considered as a social problem.The
___________(60)of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and
medical costs.The country could soon be__________(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old
people to be looked____________(62)and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support
them.
_________(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work can give the
elderly a________(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It'S important that the elderly play active
___________(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

_________(51)
A:late
B:recent
C:contemporary
D:new

共用题干
Old and Active
It is well一known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A______(51) report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of the______(52)in social environment?
Scientists are trying to work______(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and whether there is。lesson to be_____(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us.Should we
______(55)any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there some secret______(56)in the Japanese diet that is particularly______(57)to the human body?
Another factor______(58)to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate.Although longer life should be celebrated,it is_____(59)considered a social problem.The number of older people had_(60)in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The country could soon be_(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old people to be looked ______(62),and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
______(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work can give the elderly a______(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It's important that the elderly play active ______(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

51._________
A:late
B:recent
C:contemporary
D:new

共用题干
Old and Active

It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A________(51)
report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result
of the________(52)in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work__________(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and
whether there is a lesson to be_________(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us.Should we________
(55)any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there some
secret___________(56)in the Japanese diet that is particularly___________(57)to the human body?
Another factor____________(58)to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate.Although
longer life should be celebrated,it is____________(59)considered a social problem.The number of older
people had__________(60)in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The
country could soon be____________(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old people to be looked
___________(62),and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
___________(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work can give
the elderly a___________(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It's important that the elderly play active
________(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

_________(51)
A:late
B:recent
C:contemporary
D:new

请阅读短文，完成此题。
Move over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century andstill doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade,they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down andthen stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.
The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is "the decline in the death rate of theelderly", says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies areevolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in this process to putoff the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by thereahties of the ageing process."There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.
A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyond. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.
There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease."We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations. We are less damaged," says Professor Kirkwood. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.
Nearly one-in-five people currently in the UK will live to see their lOOth birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK--from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.
Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stoppedshort of predicting anything more.
"This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead toimmortality," the researchers said.
We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. "There has been no flattening out of the best of the best--the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and low mortalit_y"he says.
These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.
Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for---but environment is still the most important factor.
It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the world. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. "I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow," says Tom, "but we just donTt know."

Which statement below is TRUE concerning life expectancy according to the passage?
查看材料

A．Life expectancy goes on rising forever.
B．There could be further increases in life expectancy.
C．Life expectancy has slowed down since 1980s and it will stop.
D．Life expectancy in Japan doubles what it was 200 years ago.

请阅读Passage l，完成第小题。
Passage 1
Move over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade,they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.
The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is "the decline in the death rate of the elderly", says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in this process to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. "There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.
A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyond. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.
There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modern medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. "We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations. We are less damaged," says Professor Kirkwood. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.
Nearly one-in-five people currently in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK--from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.
Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more.
"This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality," the researchers said.
We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. "There has been no flattening out of the best of the best--the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and low mortality," he says.
These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.
Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for--but environment is still the most important factor.
It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the world. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. "I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow," says Tom, "but we just don't know."

The purpose of the prediction saying that future generations could be doing Sudoku when they are over 100 is to __________.
查看材料

A．report that doing Sudoku is a healthy living style
B．prove that doing Sudoku helps people move to Methuselah
C．predict that future generations will like Sudoku since it is very popular now
D．indicate that future generations could remain smart and energetic even if they are over 100

共用题干
It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A _________(51)report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of___________(52)in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work__________(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and whether there is a lesson to be__________(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we___________(55)any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there some secret__________(56)in the Japanese diet that is particularly __________(57)to the human body?
Another factor___________(58)to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate. Although longer life should be celebrated,it is___________(59)considered a social problem. The number of older people had_________(60)in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The country could soon be__________(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old people to be looked_________(62)and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
__________(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a____________(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It's important that the elderly play active_________(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

_________(58)
A:contributing
B:helping
C:resulting
D:causing

When countries develop economically,people live longer lives.Development experts have long Delieved this is because having more money expands lifespan,but a massive new study suggests that education may play a bigger role.The finding has huge implications for public health spending.Back in 1975,economists plotted rising life expectancies against countries'wealth,and concluded that wealth itself increases longevity.It seemed self-evident:everything people need to be health from food to medical care--costs money But soon it emerged that the data didn't always fit that theory.Economic upturns didn’t always mean longer lives.In addition,for reasons that weren't clear,a given gain in gross domestic product（GDP）caused increasingly higher gains in life expectancy over time,as though it was becoming cheaper to add years of life.Me moreover,in the 1980s researchers found ga ins in literacy were associated with greater increases in life expectancy than gains in wealth were Finally,the more educated people in any country tend to live longer than their less educated compatriots.But such people also tend to be wealthier,so it has been difficult to untangle which factor is increasing lifespan Permanent change Wolfgang Lutz of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Vienna and colleagues have now done that by compiling average data on GDP per person,lifespans,and years of education from 174 countries,dating from 1970 to 2010 They found that,Just as in 1975,wealth correlated with longevity.But the correlation between longevity and years of schooling was closer,with a direct relationship that did not change over time way wealth does When the team put both these factors into the same mathematical model,they found that differences in education closely predicted differences in life expectancy,while changes in wealth barely mattered Lutz argues that because schooling happens many years before a person has attained their life expectancy,this correlation reflects cause:better education drives longer life.It also tends to lead to more wealh,which is why wealth and longevity are also correlated.But what is important,says Lutz,is that wealth does not seem to be driving longevity,as experts thought-in fact,education is driving both of them Lifestyle choices Some medical professionals may not like these findings,"says Lutz,as they suggest schools may be a better health investment than high-tech hospitals.But RudigerKrech at the World Health Organization welcomes the study."It confirms education as a major social determinant of health,"he says-aconcept WHO actively promotes.But if medical health experts welcome the findings,economists are less comfortable Sangheon Lee,at the UN International Labour Organisation in Geneva,Switzerland agrees education affects lifespan but doubts that simple models like Lutz's can fully resolve cause and effect."It's a very difficult econometric problem,"he says,with health,wealth and education all affecting each other But Lutz says that extreme examples are telling.Cuba is dead poor but has a higher life expectancy than the US because it is well educated.Meanwhile in oil-rich but poorly-educated Equatorial Guinea,people rarely reach 60
Which of the following is true according to the findings of Wolfgang Lutz?

A.The correlation between longevity and wealth changes as time goes by
B.His findings are roughly the same as the research made in 1975.
C.Longevity is driven directly by both of one's education and wealth
D.Life expectancy can be accurately predicted by one s education.

When countries develop economically,people live longer lives.Development experts have long Delieved this is because having more money expands lifespan,but a massive new study suggests that education may play a bigger role.The finding has huge implications for public health spending.Back in 1975,economists plotted rising life expectancies against countries'wealth,and concluded that wealth itself increases longevity.It seemed self-evident:everything people need to be health from food to medical care--costs money But soon it emerged that the data didn't always fit that theory.Economic upturns didn’t always mean longer lives.In addition,for reasons that weren't clear,a given gain in gross domestic product（GDP）caused increasingly higher gains in life expectancy over time,as though it was becoming cheaper to add years of life.Me moreover,in the 1980s researchers found ga ins in literacy were associated with greater increases in life expectancy than gains in wealth were Finally,the more educated people in any country tend to live longer than their less educated compatriots.But such people also tend to be wealthier,so it has been difficult to untangle which factor is increasing lifespan Permanent change Wolfgang Lutz of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Vienna and colleagues have now done that by compiling average data on GDP per person,lifespans,and years of education from 174 countries,dating from 1970 to 2010 They found that,Just as in 1975,wealth correlated with longevity.But the correlation between longevity and years of schooling was closer,with a direct relationship that did not change over time way wealth does When the team put both these factors into the same mathematical model,they found that differences in education closely predicted differences in life expectancy,while changes in wealth barely mattered Lutz argues that because schooling happens many years before a person has attained their life expectancy,this correlation reflects cause:better education drives longer life.It also tends to lead to more wealh,which is why wealth and longevity are also correlated.But what is important,says Lutz,is that wealth does not seem to be driving longevity,as experts thought-in fact,education is driving both of them Lifestyle choices Some medical professionals may not like these findings,"says Lutz,as they suggest schools may be a better health investment than high-tech hospitals.But RudigerKrech at the World Health Organization welcomes the study."It confirms education as a major social determinant of health,"he says-aconcept WHO actively promotes.But if medical health experts welcome the findings,economists are less comfortable Sangheon Lee,at the UN International Labour Organisation in Geneva,Switzerland agrees education affects lifespan but doubts that simple models like Lutz's can fully resolve cause and effect."It's a very difficult econometric problem,"he says,with health,wealth and education all affecting each other But Lutz says that extreme examples are telling.Cuba is dead poor but has a higher life expectancy than the US because it is well educated.Meanwhile in oil-rich but poorly-educated Equatorial Guinea,people rarely reach 60
Which of the following can back up the theory that wealth itself increases longevity?

A.A robust economic turnaround didn't translate into greater longevity
B.Because everything people need to stay physically healthy costs money
C.Because education is more associated with longevity than wealth
D.Because the more educated are likely to live longer than the less educated

共用题干
Old and Active
It is well一known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A______(51) report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of the______(52)in social environment?
Scientists are trying to work______(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and whether there is。lesson to be_____(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us.Should we
______(55)any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there some secret______(56)in the Japanese diet that is particularly______(57)to the human body?
Another factor______(58)to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate.Although longer life should be celebrated,it is_____(59)considered a social problem.The number of older people had_(60)in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The country could soon be_(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old people to be looked ______(62),and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
______(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work can give the elderly a______(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It's important that the elderly play active ______(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

55._________
A:do
B:make
C:set
D:give

共用题干
It is well一known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A______(51)
report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of
___________(52)in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work___________(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and
whether there is a lesson to be__________(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we_________(55)
any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there any secret
ingredient in the Japanese diet___________(56)is particularly beneficial____________(57)the human body?
Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a___________(58)in birthrate.
Although longer________(59)should be celebrated,it is actually considered as a social problem.The
___________(60)of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and
medical costs.The country could soon be__________(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old
people to be looked____________(62)and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support
them.
_________(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work can give the
elderly a________(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It'S important that the elderly play active
___________(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

_________(56)
A:that
B:what
C:which
D:when

共用题干
It is well一known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A______(51)
report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of
___________(52)in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work___________(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and
whether there is a lesson to be__________(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we_________(55)
any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there any secret
ingredient in the Japanese diet___________(56)is particularly beneficial____________(57)the human body?
Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a___________(58)in birthrate.
Although longer________(59)should be celebrated,it is actually considered as a social problem.The
___________(60)of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and
medical costs.The country could soon be__________(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old
people to be looked____________(62)and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support
them.
_________(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work can give the
elderly a________(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It'S important that the elderly play active
___________(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

_________(61)
A:facing
B:meeting
C:adopting.
D:encountering

共用题干
Old and Active
It is well一known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A______(51) report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of the______(52)in social environment?
Scientists are trying to work______(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and whether there is。lesson to be_____(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us.Should we
______(55)any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there some secret______(56)in the Japanese diet that is particularly______(57)to the human body?
Another factor______(58)to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate.Although longer life should be celebrated,it is_____(59)considered a social problem.The number of older people had_(60)in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The country could soon be_(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old people to be looked ______(62),and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
______(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work can give the elderly a______(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It's important that the elderly play active ______(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

52._________
A:increase
B:progress
C:growth
D:improvement

共用题干
Old and Active

It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A________(51)
report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result
of the________(52)in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work__________(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and
whether there is a lesson to be_________(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us.Should we________
(55)any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there some
secret___________(56)in the Japanese diet that is particularly___________(57)to the human body?
Another factor____________(58)to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate.Although
longer life should be celebrated,it is____________(59)considered a social problem.The number of older
people had__________(60)in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The
country could soon be____________(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old people to be looked
___________(62),and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
___________(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work can give
the elderly a___________(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It's important that the elderly play active
________(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

_________(52)
A:increase
B:progress
C:growth
D:improvement