共用题干 第一篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the r
题目
共用题干
第一篇
Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more
likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies on lung cancer. They
said patients are younger,especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city
than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.
"An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai
Minshen Traditional Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Centre.
He followed 2, 276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.
Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed
cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.
However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil
fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of
women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.
However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumc、 could lead to cancer. Some claimed
they may change food preparation methods.
"Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,
a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time that I heard it
result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less."
Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely
related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.
Other experts agreed with him.
"Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,"said Dr. Tan Binyong,honorary president
of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand
smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."
His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried food due to the poor quality of
the oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if one is exposed to the fume for a long time,
experts said.
第一篇
Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more
likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies on lung cancer. They
said patients are younger,especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city
than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.
"An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai
Minshen Traditional Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Centre.
He followed 2, 276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.
Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed
cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.
However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil
fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of
women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.
However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumc、 could lead to cancer. Some claimed
they may change food preparation methods.
"Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,
a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time that I heard it
result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less."
Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely
related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.
Other experts agreed with him.
"Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,"said Dr. Tan Binyong,honorary president
of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand
smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."
His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried food due to the poor quality of
the oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if one is exposed to the fume for a long time,
experts said.
What is the new tendency in lung cancer concluded by the researchers?
A:Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
B:Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.
C:Patients with lung cancer become older,especially males.
D:Patients with lung cancer become younger,especially females.
A:Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
B:Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.
C:Patients with lung cancer become older,especially males.
D:Patients with lung cancer become younger,especially females.
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更多“共用题干 第一篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the r”相关问题
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第1题：
共用题干
Lung Cancer
1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from x-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.
4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.
5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.Paragraph 3______
A:Common Secondary Lung Cancers
B:The Advantages Brought About by Routine Chest Checkup
C:Relationship Between Mortality Rate From Lung Cancer and Smoking Habits
D:Operable and Inoperable Lung Cancers
E:The Increasing Death Rate From Lung Cancer and Possible Causes
F:An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer答案：B解析：文章第一段主要陈述了过去25年里男性中患肺癌的死亡率上升了8倍，女性中的死亡率也增加了一倍，并且在城市和工业区的死亡率比农村地区高。接着文中陈述了引起此种情况的原因，观察选项可知，E项符合题意。
第二段的第一句便是该段的中心句，即抽烟与肺癌死亡率之间有着紧密的关系。接下来又通过举例证明该论点。故本题选C。
第三段开头的内容指出了肺癌是在进行x射线检查结核病时被发现的，然后分析了常规x射线检查利大于弊。由此可知，本题应选B项。
第四段第一句指出支气管癌是一种常见的肺癌，接着又描述了该癌症的形成过程及对身体产生的危害等内容。整段都是对支气管癌的介绍。故本题选F。
由文章第三段最后一句的内容可知，现代x射线机在合格技师的操作下所产生的危害微乎其微，并不像通常人们想象的那样危险，故选D。
由文章第四段第五句可知，在继发肿瘤出现之前将肺完全切除是治愈肺癌的唯一方法，故选A。
由文章第一段第三句的内容可知，有很多原因可以导致肺癌，但关于最主要的原因仍存在争论，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句的内容可知，平均每天抽21到30支烟的重度吸烟者患肺癌的几率是不抽烟者的17倍。故本题选E。 -
第2题：
共用题干
第一篇
Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more
likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies on lung cancer. They
said patients are younger,especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city
than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.
"An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai
Minshen Traditional Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Centre.
He followed 2, 276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.
Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed
cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.
However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil
fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of
women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.
However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumc、 could lead to cancer. Some claimed
they may change food preparation methods.
"Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,
a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time that I heard it
result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less."
Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely
related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.
Other experts agreed with him.
"Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,"said Dr. Tan Binyong,honorary president
of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand
smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."
His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried food due to the poor quality of
the oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if one is exposed to the fume for a long time,
experts said.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?
A:Heart disease.
B:Breast cancer.
C:Infectious disease.
D:Lung cancer.答案：B解析：由文章第二段的第二句“They said patients are younger, especially women.”可知，肺癌 的新趋势就是“病人更年轻，尤其是妇女”。故D项正确。
由文章第三段的内容可知，肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，发病率高居第二，由此可见，乳腺癌 才是最常见的疾病。
由文章第七段的内容可知，60％以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟，并抱怨眼睛 发炎和喉咙疼痛难受。故A项正确。
由文章第九段的内容可知，当妇女们知道厨房的油烟可以致癌时都感到非常惊讶。故 B项正确。
本题为词义辨析题。首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字，即had few links to…和was closely related to...，其中 link to意为connection with，而relate to则意为connect with，都是“联 系”的意思。few和little一样，都是具有否定意义的词，意为“很少，几乎没有”，只是后面的名 词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已。如果这一点明白了，也就很容易回答这道题了。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了古代人用植物草药治疗疾病保待健康。直到今天，植物草药在人类医 疗保健方面仍发挥着很大的作用，但是其供应量却在急速下降。 -
第3题：
共用题干
第一篇
Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more
likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies on lung cancer. They
said patients are younger,especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city
than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.
"An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai
Minshen Traditional Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Centre.
He followed 2, 276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.
Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed
cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.
However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil
fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of
women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.
However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumc、 could lead to cancer. Some claimed
they may change food preparation methods.
"Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,
a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time that I heard it
result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less."
Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely
related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.
Other experts agreed with him.
"Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,"said Dr. Tan Binyong,honorary president
of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand
smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."
His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried food due to the poor quality of
the oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if one is exposed to the fume for a long time,
experts said.What symptoms may be complained of by women with lung cancer after long term,close contact with cooking oil fumes?
A:Irritated eyes and throat.
B:Severe pain in both lungs.
C:Continuous cough and headache.
D:Difficulty in breathing.答案：A解析：由文章第二段的第二句“They said patients are younger, especially women.”可知，肺癌 的新趋势就是“病人更年轻，尤其是妇女”。故D项正确。
由文章第三段的内容可知，肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，发病率高居第二，由此可见，乳腺癌 才是最常见的疾病。
由文章第七段的内容可知，60％以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟，并抱怨眼睛 发炎和喉咙疼痛难受。故A项正确。
由文章第九段的内容可知，当妇女们知道厨房的油烟可以致癌时都感到非常惊讶。故 B项正确。
本题为词义辨析题。首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字，即had few links to…和was closely related to...，其中 link to意为connection with，而relate to则意为connect with，都是“联 系”的意思。few和little一样，都是具有否定意义的词，意为“很少，几乎没有”，只是后面的名 词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已。如果这一点明白了，也就很容易回答这道题了。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了古代人用植物草药治疗疾病保待健康。直到今天，植物草药在人类医 疗保健方面仍发挥着很大的作用，但是其供应量却在急速下降。 -
第4题：
共用题干
Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.
“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.
He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.
Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.
However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.
However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.
Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.
“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,”said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.”
Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.
Other experts agreed with him.
“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,”said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College.“It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”
His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?
A: Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
B: Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.
C: Patients with lung cancer become older,especially males.
D: Patients with lung cancer become younger,especially females.答案：D解析：题干意为“研究者总结出的一种肺癌的新趋势是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语a new tendency, lung cancer, researchers作为定位线索，在短文第二段中找到 相关句：Doctors（与researchers呼应）announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger , especially women．第二段提到 “医生们昨天宣布这一结果，并对肺癌患病的一些新趋势做出了分析。他们认为病人越来越年轻化，尤其是女性患者”。由此可知D项“肺癌患者越来越年轻化，尤其是女性患者”。
题干意为“下面哪种疾病在上海居民中最常见？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语local residents , Shanghai作为定位线索，同时关注题干中的修饰短语the most common 在短文中的出现情况，这样在短文第三段中找到相关句：According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Fol-lowing breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate．定位线索词集中出现在第三段 中，该段提到“依据上海肿瘤研究所统计显示，上海死于肺癌的居民多于死于其他疾病的人。 肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，为第二高发病率的疾病”，可见乳腺癌是上海本地居民中最常见的疾病。因此答案为B项“乳腺癌”。
题干意为“大多数长期与厨房油烟接触的妇女可能会诉说什么症状？”利 用题干中的细节信息词/短语symptoms , most women , lung cancer , long term close contact作为定位线索，在第七段中找到相关句：However, more than 60 percent of women（与most women呼应）with the disease had long term close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat．相关句意为“然而，60%以上患肺癌的女性都长期接触厨房油烟并诉说眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受”，因此答案为A项“眼睛和喉呢疼痛难受”。
题干意为“当地妇女了解到厨房油烟会导致癌症时，她们的反应是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语local women's reaction,cancer作为定位线索，在第九段中找 到相关句：However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods．第九段提到“但是，当妇女们 知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶，其中一些人表示要改变烹饪方法”。由此判断答案为B 项“吃惊的”。
题干意为“下面哪个选项的内容与女性肺癌的关联性很小？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语relatively little connection,women's lung cancer作为定位线索，这样在倒数第五段中找到相关句：Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to（与 relatively little connection呼应）personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems．该段意为“医生们认为， 女性患肺癌和个人健康及身体状况联系极少，但是和肿瘤家族病史，不健康的饮食习惯和脆 弱的免疫系统联系紧密”。由此可知答案为D项“个人健康及身体状况”。 -
第5题：
共用题干
Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.
“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.
He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.
Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.
However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.
However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.
Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.
“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,”said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.”
Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.
Other experts agreed with him.
“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,”said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College.“It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”
His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said.What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term close contact with cooking oil fumes?
A:Irritated eyes and throat.
B: Severe pain in both lungs.
C: Continuous cough and headache.
D: Difficulty in breathing.答案：A解析：题干意为“研究者总结出的一种肺癌的新趋势是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语a new tendency, lung cancer, researchers作为定位线索，在短文第二段中找到 相关句：Doctors（与researchers呼应）announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger , especially women．第二段提到 “医生们昨天宣布这一结果，并对肺癌患病的一些新趋势做出了分析。他们认为病人越来越年轻化，尤其是女性患者”。由此可知D项“肺癌患者越来越年轻化，尤其是女性患者”。
题干意为“下面哪种疾病在上海居民中最常见？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语local residents , Shanghai作为定位线索，同时关注题干中的修饰短语the most common 在短文中的出现情况，这样在短文第三段中找到相关句：According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Fol-lowing breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate．定位线索词集中出现在第三段 中，该段提到“依据上海肿瘤研究所统计显示，上海死于肺癌的居民多于死于其他疾病的人。 肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，为第二高发病率的疾病”，可见乳腺癌是上海本地居民中最常见的疾病。因此答案为B项“乳腺癌”。
题干意为“大多数长期与厨房油烟接触的妇女可能会诉说什么症状？”利 用题干中的细节信息词/短语symptoms , most women , lung cancer , long term close contact作为定位线索，在第七段中找到相关句：However, more than 60 percent of women（与most women呼应）with the disease had long term close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat．相关句意为“然而，60%以上患肺癌的女性都长期接触厨房油烟并诉说眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受”，因此答案为A项“眼睛和喉呢疼痛难受”。
题干意为“当地妇女了解到厨房油烟会导致癌症时，她们的反应是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语local women's reaction,cancer作为定位线索，在第九段中找 到相关句：However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods．第九段提到“但是，当妇女们 知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶，其中一些人表示要改变烹饪方法”。由此判断答案为B 项“吃惊的”。
题干意为“下面哪个选项的内容与女性肺癌的关联性很小？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语relatively little connection,women's lung cancer作为定位线索，这样在倒数第五段中找到相关句：Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to（与 relatively little connection呼应）personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems．该段意为“医生们认为， 女性患肺癌和个人健康及身体状况联系极少，但是和肿瘤家族病史，不健康的饮食习惯和脆 弱的免疫系统联系紧密”。由此可知答案为D项“个人健康及身体状况”。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.
“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.
He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.
Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.
However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.
However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.
Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.
“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,”said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.”
Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.
Other experts agreed with him.
“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,”said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College.“It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”
His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?
A: Heart disease.
B: Breast cancer.
C: Infectious diseases.
D: Lung cancer.答案：B解析：题干意为“研究者总结出的一种肺癌的新趋势是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语a new tendency, lung cancer, researchers作为定位线索，在短文第二段中找到 相关句：Doctors（与researchers呼应）announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger , especially women．第二段提到 “医生们昨天宣布这一结果，并对肺癌患病的一些新趋势做出了分析。他们认为病人越来越年轻化，尤其是女性患者”。由此可知D项“肺癌患者越来越年轻化，尤其是女性患者”。
题干意为“下面哪种疾病在上海居民中最常见？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语local residents , Shanghai作为定位线索，同时关注题干中的修饰短语the most common 在短文中的出现情况，这样在短文第三段中找到相关句：According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Fol-lowing breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate．定位线索词集中出现在第三段 中，该段提到“依据上海肿瘤研究所统计显示，上海死于肺癌的居民多于死于其他疾病的人。 肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，为第二高发病率的疾病”，可见乳腺癌是上海本地居民中最常见的疾病。因此答案为B项“乳腺癌”。
题干意为“大多数长期与厨房油烟接触的妇女可能会诉说什么症状？”利 用题干中的细节信息词/短语symptoms , most women , lung cancer , long term close contact作为定位线索，在第七段中找到相关句：However, more than 60 percent of women（与most women呼应）with the disease had long term close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat．相关句意为“然而，60%以上患肺癌的女性都长期接触厨房油烟并诉说眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受”，因此答案为A项“眼睛和喉呢疼痛难受”。
题干意为“当地妇女了解到厨房油烟会导致癌症时，她们的反应是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语local women's reaction,cancer作为定位线索，在第九段中找 到相关句：However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods．第九段提到“但是，当妇女们 知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶，其中一些人表示要改变烹饪方法”。由此判断答案为B 项“吃惊的”。
题干意为“下面哪个选项的内容与女性肺癌的关联性很小？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语relatively little connection,women's lung cancer作为定位线索，这样在倒数第五段中找到相关句：Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to（与 relatively little connection呼应）personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems．该段意为“医生们认为， 女性患肺癌和个人健康及身体状况联系极少，但是和肿瘤家族病史，不健康的饮食习惯和脆 弱的免疫系统联系紧密”。由此可知答案为D项“个人健康及身体状况”。 -
第7题：
共用题干
第二篇
US Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer
Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans,but black Americans are still more likely to die of
cancer than whites,the American Cancer Society said Monday.
In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer
later than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.
This could be because of unequal access to medical care,because blacks are more likely to have other
diseases like diabetes as well,and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the cancer itself,the report added.
"In general,African Americans have］ess likelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for
all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,"the report said.
"In describing cancer statistics for African Americans,this report recognizes that socioeconomic dispari-
ties and unequal access to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated with race."
The Cancer Society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier,when cancer is more
treatable,and it said more research was needed to see if biological differences play a role.Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than_______.
A:people in other countries
B:white Americans
C:all other Americans
D:their ancestors答案：B解析：由文章第一段的内容可知，美国黑人的死亡率高于美国的白人。该段只是将美国黑人与美国白人的癌症死亡率进行了比较。故选B。
前三项原因在文章第三段中都被提到了，而早期诊断是有助于降低癌症死亡率的。
利用题干中“检测”作为线索，由文章第六段的内容可以得知，癌症越早发现越有利于治疗。
文章第七段提到，公共政策和教育有助于消除不平等的社会差异。
利用题干中的时间作线索，由文章的倒数第三段的内容可知，从1992年以来，美国黑人的癌症死亡率下降了。 -
第8题：
共用题干
第二篇
US Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer
Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans,but black Americans are still more likely to die of
cancer than whites,the American Cancer Society said Monday.
In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer
later than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.
This could be because of unequal access to medical care,because blacks are more likely to have other
diseases like diabetes as well,and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the cancer itself,the report added.
"In general,African Americans have］ess likelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for
all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,"the report said.
"In describing cancer statistics for African Americans,this report recognizes that socioeconomic dispari-
ties and unequal access to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated with race."
The Cancer Society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier,when cancer is more
treatable,and it said more research was needed to see if biological differences play a role.Cancer is more treatable if it is detected________.
A:in an early stage
B:together with other diseases
C:during check-ups
D:in elderly people答案：A解析：由文章第一段的内容可知，美国黑人的死亡率高于美国的白人。该段只是将美国黑人与美国白人的癌症死亡率进行了比较。故选B。
前三项原因在文章第三段中都被提到了，而早期诊断是有助于降低癌症死亡率的。
利用题干中“检测”作为线索，由文章第六段的内容可以得知，癌症越早发现越有利于治疗。
文章第七段提到，公共政策和教育有助于消除不平等的社会差异。
利用题干中的时间作线索，由文章的倒数第三段的内容可知，从1992年以来，美国黑人的癌症死亡率下降了。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Lung Cancer
1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blamewor-thy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected that the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time when an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be com-pletely removed.
4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a re-sulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The on-ly treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.
5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.Paragraph2______
A:Common Secondary Lung Cancers
B:The Adwintages Brought About by Routine Chest Checkup
C:Relationship Between Mortality Rate From Lung Cancer and Smoking Habits
D:Operable and Inoperable Lung Cancers
E:The Increasing Death Rate From Lung Cancer and Possible Causes
F:An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer答案：C解析：文章第一段主要陈述了在过去的25年中男性肺癌患者的死亡率上升了8倍多，女性肺癌患者的死亡率也增加了一倍，并且城市和工业区的肺癌死亡率比农村地区的高。接着又陈述了引起此种情况的原因。故本题选E。
第二段的第一句便引出了该段的主题，即抽烟与肺癌死亡率之间有着紧密的关系。接下来举例证明该论点。故本题选C。
第三段开头指出有时肺癌是在用x射线检查结核病时被发现的，然后通过分析指出常规x射线检查利大于弊。由此可知，本题应选B项。
第四段第一句指出支气管癌是常见的一种肺癌，接着又描述了该癌症的形成过程及其在身体的其他部位引起的并发症等内容。整段都是对支气管癌这种常见肺癌的介绍。故本题选F。
由文章第三段第二、四句的内容可知，人们常因怕被辐射到而不做胸部x射线检查，但现代x射线机在合格技师的操作下所产生的危险微乎其微，并不像通常人们想象的那样，故选D。
由文章第四段第五句可知，在继发肿瘤出现之前将肺切除是治愈肺癌的唯一方法，故选A。
由文章第一段第三句的内容可知，导致肺癌的原因很多，但关于什么是最主要的原因仍存在争议，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句的内容可知，每天抽21到30支烟的重度吸烟者因患肺癌而死亡的几率是不抽烟者的17倍。故本题选E。第4音肠分：阅读理解第一篇本篇文章主要介绍了大脑在人睡眠过程中进行记忆整理的科学发现，以及两个相关实验。 -
第10题：
共用题干
Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low
The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a
year for the first time since records began.
The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.
The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose
steadily year by year until the late 1980s.
Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer
women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed
more often."
"Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management
for women with the disease."
" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the
earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."
Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with
the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.
The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400
deaths each year until 2004.
There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.
Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women
are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and
awareness of the disease."
"However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year by
year.,,
The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity
（肥胖）and alcohol consumption.Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：在英国，2007年有11 990名女子死于乳腺癌。根据第二段中“The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11 ,990 women died in the UK in 2007”可知，2007年英国癌症研究中心的数据 显示，2007年美国妇女的死亡人数是11 990。虽然没有专门强调死亡是由乳腺癌所致，不过 根据句子中的“Cancer Research”和第一段的内容推断，此数字就是乳腺癌的死亡人数。因此 该推论是正确的。
在英国，乳腺癌患者的死亡统计是从1971年开始的。根据文章第三段中“The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971一the year records began...”可知，先前的最低点是在1971 年，即开始作统计的那一年。由此得知该推论是正确的。
在英国乳腺癌诊断的比率一直在下降。根据第四段中“…despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often."（······尽管被诊断为乳腺癌的病例越来越常见）可知，该论断是错误。
该论断在文章中未提及。
该论断在文章中未提及。
该题句意为：2005年英国死于乳腺癌的女性人数少于2004年。根据倒数第四段中"There was。slight rise in 2005"(2005年人数略微上升）可以推断，该论断是错误的。
最后一段中说obesity（肥胖）and alcohol consumption是诱发乳腺癌的原因，但未提及其 他疾病，因此选C0 put down to的意思是“归因于”。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第11题：
共用题干
Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low
The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a
year for the first time since records began.
The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.
The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose
steadily year by year until the late 1980s.
Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer
women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed
more often."
"Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management
for women with the disease."
" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the
earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."
Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with
the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.
The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400
deaths each year until 2004.
There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.
Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women
are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and
awareness of the disease."
"However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year by
year.,,
The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity
（肥胖）and alcohol consumption.11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：在英国，2007年有11 990名女子死于乳腺癌。根据第二段中“The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11 ,990 women died in the UK in 2007”可知，2007年英国癌症研究中心的数据 显示，2007年美国妇女的死亡人数是11 990。虽然没有专门强调死亡是由乳腺癌所致，不过 根据句子中的“Cancer Research”和第一段的内容推断，此数字就是乳腺癌的死亡人数。因此 该推论是正确的。
在英国，乳腺癌患者的死亡统计是从1971年开始的。根据文章第三段中“The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971一the year records began...”可知，先前的最低点是在1971 年，即开始作统计的那一年。由此得知该推论是正确的。
在英国乳腺癌诊断的比率一直在下降。根据第四段中“…despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often."（······尽管被诊断为乳腺癌的病例越来越常见）可知，该论断是错误。
该论断在文章中未提及。
该论断在文章中未提及。
该题句意为：2005年英国死于乳腺癌的女性人数少于2004年。根据倒数第四段中"There was。slight rise in 2005"(2005年人数略微上升）可以推断，该论断是错误的。
最后一段中说obesity（肥胖）and alcohol consumption是诱发乳腺癌的原因，但未提及其 他疾病，因此选C0 put down to的意思是“归因于”。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第12题：
共用题干
Lung Cancer
1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blamewor-thy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected that the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time when an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be com-pletely removed.
4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a re-sulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The on-ly treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.
5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.A primary lung cancer patient may be cured by removing the lung completely______.
A:before the cancer cells spread elsewhere
B:the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will have
C:what is most responsible for lung cancer
D:as some people imagine
E:the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have
F:which form of lung cancer is a common one答案：A解析：文章第一段主要陈述了在过去的25年中男性肺癌患者的死亡率上升了8倍多，女性肺癌患者的死亡率也增加了一倍，并且城市和工业区的肺癌死亡率比农村地区的高。接着又陈述了引起此种情况的原因。故本题选E。
第二段的第一句便引出了该段的主题，即抽烟与肺癌死亡率之间有着紧密的关系。接下来举例证明该论点。故本题选C。
第三段开头指出有时肺癌是在用x射线检查结核病时被发现的，然后通过分析指出常规x射线检查利大于弊。由此可知，本题应选B项。
第四段第一句指出支气管癌是常见的一种肺癌，接着又描述了该癌症的形成过程及其在身体的其他部位引起的并发症等内容。整段都是对支气管癌这种常见肺癌的介绍。故本题选F。
由文章第三段第二、四句的内容可知，人们常因怕被辐射到而不做胸部x射线检查，但现代x射线机在合格技师的操作下所产生的危险微乎其微，并不像通常人们想象的那样，故选D。
由文章第四段第五句可知，在继发肿瘤出现之前将肺切除是治愈肺癌的唯一方法，故选A。
由文章第一段第三句的内容可知，导致肺癌的原因很多，但关于什么是最主要的原因仍存在争议，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句的内容可知，每天抽21到30支烟的重度吸烟者因患肺癌而死亡的几率是不抽烟者的17倍。故本题选E。第4音肠分：阅读理解第一篇本篇文章主要介绍了大脑在人睡眠过程中进行记忆整理的科学发现，以及两个相关实验。 -
第13题：
共用题干
第一篇
U. S. Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer
Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans,but black Americans are still more
likely to die of cancer than whites,the American Cancer Society said Monday.
In a special report on cancer and blacks,the organization said blacks are usually
diagnosed with cancer later than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.
This could be because of unequal（不平等的）access to medical care, because blacks
are more likely to have other diseases as well,and perhaps because of differences in the
biology（生物学）of the cancer itself, the report added.
"In general,black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis
than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,"the report said,
"In describing cancer statistics for black Americans,this report recognizes that many of
the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic
differences and unequal access to medical care."
The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups（体格检查）
earlier,when cancer is more treatable,and it said more research is needed to see if
biological differences play a role.
"The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair
social differences through public policy and education efforts,"the organization said in a
statement.
But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates.
"Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among
black Americans since 1992,as have incidence rates（发生率）,"said the report.Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?
A:Unequal access to medical care.
B:Greater probability of having other diseases.
C:Differences in the biology of the cancer.
D:Early diagnosis.答案：D解析： -
第14题：
共用题干
Lung Cancer
1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from x-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.
4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.
5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.The more cigarettes one smokes,______.
A:before the cancer cells spread elsewhere
B:the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will have
C:what is most responsible for lung cancer
D:as some people imagine
E:the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have
F:which form of lung cancer is a common one答案：E解析：文章第一段主要陈述了过去25年里男性中患肺癌的死亡率上升了8倍，女性中的死亡率也增加了一倍，并且在城市和工业区的死亡率比农村地区高。接着文中陈述了引起此种情况的原因，观察选项可知，E项符合题意。
第二段的第一句便是该段的中心句，即抽烟与肺癌死亡率之间有着紧密的关系。接下来又通过举例证明该论点。故本题选C。
第三段开头的内容指出了肺癌是在进行x射线检查结核病时被发现的，然后分析了常规x射线检查利大于弊。由此可知，本题应选B项。
第四段第一句指出支气管癌是一种常见的肺癌，接着又描述了该癌症的形成过程及对身体产生的危害等内容。整段都是对支气管癌的介绍。故本题选F。
由文章第三段最后一句的内容可知，现代x射线机在合格技师的操作下所产生的危害微乎其微，并不像通常人们想象的那样危险，故选D。
由文章第四段第五句可知，在继发肿瘤出现之前将肺完全切除是治愈肺癌的唯一方法，故选A。
由文章第一段第三句的内容可知，有很多原因可以导致肺癌，但关于最主要的原因仍存在争论，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句的内容可知，平均每天抽21到30支烟的重度吸烟者患肺癌的几率是不抽烟者的17倍。故本题选E。 -
第15题：
共用题干
第一篇
Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more
likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies on lung cancer. They
said patients are younger,especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city
than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.
"An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai
Minshen Traditional Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Centre.
He followed 2, 276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.
Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed
cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.
However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil
fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of
women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.
However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumc、 could lead to cancer. Some claimed
they may change food preparation methods.
"Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,
a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time that I heard it
result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less."
Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely
related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.
Other experts agreed with him.
"Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,"said Dr. Tan Binyong,honorary president
of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand
smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."
His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried food due to the poor quality of
the oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if one is exposed to the fume for a long time,
experts said.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer?
A:Family cancer history.
B:Unhealthy dietary habits.
C:Weak immune systems.
D:Personal health and physical condition.答案：D解析：由文章第二段的第二句“They said patients are younger, especially women.”可知，肺癌 的新趋势就是“病人更年轻，尤其是妇女”。故D项正确。
由文章第三段的内容可知，肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，发病率高居第二，由此可见，乳腺癌 才是最常见的疾病。
由文章第七段的内容可知，60％以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟，并抱怨眼睛 发炎和喉咙疼痛难受。故A项正确。
由文章第九段的内容可知，当妇女们知道厨房的油烟可以致癌时都感到非常惊讶。故 B项正确。
本题为词义辨析题。首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字，即had few links to…和was closely related to...，其中 link to意为connection with，而relate to则意为connect with，都是“联 系”的意思。few和little一样，都是具有否定意义的词，意为“很少，几乎没有”，只是后面的名 词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已。如果这一点明白了，也就很容易回答这道题了。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了古代人用植物草药治疗疾病保待健康。直到今天，植物草药在人类医 疗保健方面仍发挥着很大的作用，但是其供应量却在急速下降。 -
第16题：
共用题干
Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.
“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.
He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.
Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.
However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.
However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.
Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.
“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,”said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.”
Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.
Other experts agreed with him.
“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,”said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College.“It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”
His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer?
A: Family cancer history.
B: Unhealthy dietary habits.
C: Weak immune systems.
D: Personal health and physical condition.答案：D解析：题干意为“研究者总结出的一种肺癌的新趋势是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语a new tendency, lung cancer, researchers作为定位线索，在短文第二段中找到 相关句：Doctors（与researchers呼应）announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger , especially women．第二段提到 “医生们昨天宣布这一结果，并对肺癌患病的一些新趋势做出了分析。他们认为病人越来越年轻化，尤其是女性患者”。由此可知D项“肺癌患者越来越年轻化，尤其是女性患者”。
题干意为“下面哪种疾病在上海居民中最常见？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语local residents , Shanghai作为定位线索，同时关注题干中的修饰短语the most common 在短文中的出现情况，这样在短文第三段中找到相关句：According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Fol-lowing breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate．定位线索词集中出现在第三段 中，该段提到“依据上海肿瘤研究所统计显示，上海死于肺癌的居民多于死于其他疾病的人。 肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，为第二高发病率的疾病”，可见乳腺癌是上海本地居民中最常见的疾病。因此答案为B项“乳腺癌”。
题干意为“大多数长期与厨房油烟接触的妇女可能会诉说什么症状？”利 用题干中的细节信息词/短语symptoms , most women , lung cancer , long term close contact作为定位线索，在第七段中找到相关句：However, more than 60 percent of women（与most women呼应）with the disease had long term close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat．相关句意为“然而，60%以上患肺癌的女性都长期接触厨房油烟并诉说眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受”，因此答案为A项“眼睛和喉呢疼痛难受”。
题干意为“当地妇女了解到厨房油烟会导致癌症时，她们的反应是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语local women's reaction,cancer作为定位线索，在第九段中找 到相关句：However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods．第九段提到“但是，当妇女们 知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶，其中一些人表示要改变烹饪方法”。由此判断答案为B 项“吃惊的”。
题干意为“下面哪个选项的内容与女性肺癌的关联性很小？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语relatively little connection,women's lung cancer作为定位线索，这样在倒数第五段中找到相关句：Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to（与 relatively little connection呼应）personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems．该段意为“医生们认为， 女性患肺癌和个人健康及身体状况联系极少，但是和肿瘤家族病史，不健康的饮食习惯和脆 弱的免疫系统联系紧密”。由此可知答案为D项“个人健康及身体状况”。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.
Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.
According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.
“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.
He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.
Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.
However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.
About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.
However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.
Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.
“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,”said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.”
Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.
Other experts agreed with him.
“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,”said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College.“It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”
His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.
The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said.What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?
A: Happy.
B: Surprised.
C: Angry.
D: Careless.答案：B解析：题干意为“研究者总结出的一种肺癌的新趋势是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语a new tendency, lung cancer, researchers作为定位线索，在短文第二段中找到 相关句：Doctors（与researchers呼应）announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger , especially women．第二段提到 “医生们昨天宣布这一结果，并对肺癌患病的一些新趋势做出了分析。他们认为病人越来越年轻化，尤其是女性患者”。由此可知D项“肺癌患者越来越年轻化，尤其是女性患者”。
题干意为“下面哪种疾病在上海居民中最常见？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语local residents , Shanghai作为定位线索，同时关注题干中的修饰短语the most common 在短文中的出现情况，这样在短文第三段中找到相关句：According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Fol-lowing breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate．定位线索词集中出现在第三段 中，该段提到“依据上海肿瘤研究所统计显示，上海死于肺癌的居民多于死于其他疾病的人。 肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，为第二高发病率的疾病”，可见乳腺癌是上海本地居民中最常见的疾病。因此答案为B项“乳腺癌”。
题干意为“大多数长期与厨房油烟接触的妇女可能会诉说什么症状？”利 用题干中的细节信息词/短语symptoms , most women , lung cancer , long term close contact作为定位线索，在第七段中找到相关句：However, more than 60 percent of women（与most women呼应）with the disease had long term close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat．相关句意为“然而，60%以上患肺癌的女性都长期接触厨房油烟并诉说眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受”，因此答案为A项“眼睛和喉呢疼痛难受”。
题干意为“当地妇女了解到厨房油烟会导致癌症时，她们的反应是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语local women's reaction,cancer作为定位线索，在第九段中找 到相关句：However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods．第九段提到“但是，当妇女们 知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶，其中一些人表示要改变烹饪方法”。由此判断答案为B 项“吃惊的”。
题干意为“下面哪个选项的内容与女性肺癌的关联性很小？”利用题干中的细节信息词/短语relatively little connection,women's lung cancer作为定位线索，这样在倒数第五段中找到相关句：Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to（与 relatively little connection呼应）personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems．该段意为“医生们认为， 女性患肺癌和个人健康及身体状况联系极少，但是和肿瘤家族病史，不健康的饮食习惯和脆 弱的免疫系统联系紧密”。由此可知答案为D项“个人健康及身体状况”。 -
第18题：
共用题干
第二篇
US Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer
Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans,but black Americans are still more likely to die of
cancer than whites,the American Cancer Society said Monday.
In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer
later than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.
This could be because of unequal access to medical care,because blacks are more likely to have other
diseases like diabetes as well,and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the cancer itself,the report added.
"In general,African Americans have］ess likelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for
all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,"the report said.
"In describing cancer statistics for African Americans,this report recognizes that socioeconomic dispari-
ties and unequal access to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated with race."
The Cancer Society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier,when cancer is more
treatable,and it said more research was needed to see if biological differences play a role.Since 1992,cancer death rates among black Americans_______.
A:have been going up and down
B:have remained stable
C:have increased
D:have fallen答案：D解析：由文章第一段的内容可知，美国黑人的死亡率高于美国的白人。该段只是将美国黑人与美国白人的癌症死亡率进行了比较。故选B。
前三项原因在文章第三段中都被提到了，而早期诊断是有助于降低癌症死亡率的。
利用题干中“检测”作为线索，由文章第六段的内容可以得知，癌症越早发现越有利于治疗。
文章第七段提到，公共政策和教育有助于消除不平等的社会差异。
利用题干中的时间作线索，由文章的倒数第三段的内容可知，从1992年以来，美国黑人的癌症死亡率下降了。 -
第19题：
共用题干
第二篇
US Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer
Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans,but black Americans are still more likely to die of
cancer than whites,the American Cancer Society said Monday.
In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer
later than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.
This could be because of unequal access to medical care,because blacks are more likely to have other
diseases like diabetes as well,and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the cancer itself,the report added.
"In general,African Americans have］ess likelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for
all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,"the report said.
"In describing cancer statistics for African Americans,this report recognizes that socioeconomic dispari-
ties and unequal access to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated with race."
The Cancer Society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier,when cancer is more
treatable,and it said more research was needed to see if biological differences play a role.Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?
A:Unequal access to medical care.
B:Greater probability of having other diseases.
C:Differences in the biology of the cancer.
D:Early diagnosis.答案：D解析：由文章第一段的内容可知，美国黑人的死亡率高于美国的白人。该段只是将美国黑人与美国白人的癌症死亡率进行了比较。故选B。
前三项原因在文章第三段中都被提到了，而早期诊断是有助于降低癌症死亡率的。
利用题干中“检测”作为线索，由文章第六段的内容可以得知，癌症越早发现越有利于治疗。
文章第七段提到，公共政策和教育有助于消除不平等的社会差异。
利用题干中的时间作线索，由文章的倒数第三段的内容可知，从1992年以来，美国黑人的癌症死亡率下降了。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Lung Cancer
The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts._________(46)Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles, smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
_________(47)Among heavy smokers—21 to 30 cigarettes per day—the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis._________(48)Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.
_________(49)The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become in-fected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess._________(50)The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to re-move the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.
Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths._________(46)
A: A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malig-nancy originates in a bronchus.
B: Lung cancer,also known as carcinoma of the lung or pulmonary carcinoma,is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.
C: Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an ear-ly diagnosis of lung cancer.
D: Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.
E: Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.
F:.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.答案：F解析：空格前讲的是过去25年肺癌死亡率男士增加了八倍女士翻倍的情况；空格后讲的是“频繁提到的因素是接触异质颗粒和空气中其他刺激物（烟尘、烟雾、废气），以及抽烟和吸雪茄”，也就是引起肺癌的因素。由此可知，空格处也应谈及引起肺癌的原因。选项F“有许多种诱因，但具体哪种影响最大仍有争议”符合题意，故选F。
空格后的“Among heavy smokers—2 1 to 30 cigarettes per day—the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers”讲的是每天抽二三十支香烟的烟民是不吸烟人患肺癌的几率的17倍，这是吸烟与肺癌死亡率之间的关系的例子，选项 D“一系列研究表明，肺癌的死亡率与吸烟的习惯之间存在着明显的关系”是空格后内容的主旨，是本段的主旨句，符合题意。故选D。
空格前一句提到“Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray”, 即有时肺癌是在进行X射线检查结核病时发现的；空格后提到，如果想要治愈，尽早发现绝对重要，所以空格处也应介绍肺癌的检查。选项C“但是，当前强调接触X射线机的放射线的危险常常使得人们不敢去做常规的胸部X射线检查，从而不能及早对肺癌做出诊断”，与前后街接紧密，符合题意。故选C。
空格后提到，肿瘤会一直长到支气管堵塞，切断了空气向肺的供给，所以空格处的内容应提到肿瘤与支气管。选项A“肺癌的常见类型为支气管癌，之所以这样称呼是因为恶性肿瘤产生于支气管内”符合题意，且前后内容街接紧密，故选A。
空格后提到，可能治愈的唯一方法（The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure) 就是在继发肿瘤出现之前将肺全部切除，由此可知，空格处也应介绍继发肿瘤的情况。选项E“这种肺癌也会扩散，在胸部和颈部淋巴结、脑部以及身体的其他部位继发再生”符合题意，且与前后街接紧密。故选E。 -
第21题：
共用题干
Lung Cancer
1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blamewor-thy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected that the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time when an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be com-pletely removed.
4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a re-sulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The on-ly treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.
5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.Routine X-ray chest examination is not so dangerous______.
A:before the cancer cells spread elsewhere
B:the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will have
C:what is most responsible for lung cancer
D:as some people imagine
E:the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have
F:which form of lung cancer is a common one答案：D解析：文章第一段主要陈述了在过去的25年中男性肺癌患者的死亡率上升了8倍多，女性肺癌患者的死亡率也增加了一倍，并且城市和工业区的肺癌死亡率比农村地区的高。接着又陈述了引起此种情况的原因。故本题选E。
第二段的第一句便引出了该段的主题，即抽烟与肺癌死亡率之间有着紧密的关系。接下来举例证明该论点。故本题选C。
第三段开头指出有时肺癌是在用x射线检查结核病时被发现的，然后通过分析指出常规x射线检查利大于弊。由此可知，本题应选B项。
第四段第一句指出支气管癌是常见的一种肺癌，接着又描述了该癌症的形成过程及其在身体的其他部位引起的并发症等内容。整段都是对支气管癌这种常见肺癌的介绍。故本题选F。
由文章第三段第二、四句的内容可知，人们常因怕被辐射到而不做胸部x射线检查，但现代x射线机在合格技师的操作下所产生的危险微乎其微，并不像通常人们想象的那样，故选D。
由文章第四段第五句可知，在继发肿瘤出现之前将肺切除是治愈肺癌的唯一方法，故选A。
由文章第一段第三句的内容可知，导致肺癌的原因很多，但关于什么是最主要的原因仍存在争议，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句的内容可知，每天抽21到30支烟的重度吸烟者因患肺癌而死亡的几率是不抽烟者的17倍。故本题选E。第4音肠分：阅读理解第一篇本篇文章主要介绍了大脑在人睡眠过程中进行记忆整理的科学发现，以及两个相关实验。 -
第22题：
共用题干
Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low
The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a
year for the first time since records began.
The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.
The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose
steadily year by year until the late 1980s.
Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer
women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed
more often."
"Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management
for women with the disease."
" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the
earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."
Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with
the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.
The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400
deaths each year until 2004.
There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.
Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women
are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and
awareness of the disease."
"However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year by
year.,,
The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity
（肥胖）and alcohol consumption.Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you are first diagnosed.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：在英国，2007年有11 990名女子死于乳腺癌。根据第二段中“The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11 ,990 women died in the UK in 2007”可知，2007年英国癌症研究中心的数据 显示，2007年美国妇女的死亡人数是11 990。虽然没有专门强调死亡是由乳腺癌所致，不过 根据句子中的“Cancer Research”和第一段的内容推断，此数字就是乳腺癌的死亡人数。因此 该推论是正确的。
在英国，乳腺癌患者的死亡统计是从1971年开始的。根据文章第三段中“The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971一the year records began...”可知，先前的最低点是在1971 年，即开始作统计的那一年。由此得知该推论是正确的。
在英国乳腺癌诊断的比率一直在下降。根据第四段中“…despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often."（······尽管被诊断为乳腺癌的病例越来越常见）可知，该论断是错误。
该论断在文章中未提及。
该论断在文章中未提及。
该题句意为：2005年英国死于乳腺癌的女性人数少于2004年。根据倒数第四段中"There was。slight rise in 2005"(2005年人数略微上升）可以推断，该论断是错误的。
最后一段中说obesity（肥胖）and alcohol consumption是诱发乳腺癌的原因，但未提及其 他疾病，因此选C0 put down to的意思是“归因于”。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第23题：
共用题干
Lung Cancer
1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blamewor-thy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected that the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time when an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be com-pletely removed.
4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a re-sulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The on-ly treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.
5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.The more cigarettes one smokes,______.
A:before the cancer cells spread elsewhere
B:the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will have
C:what is most responsible for lung cancer
D:as some people imagine
E:the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have
F:which form of lung cancer is a common one答案：E解析：文章第一段主要陈述了在过去的25年中男性肺癌患者的死亡率上升了8倍多，女性肺癌患者的死亡率也增加了一倍，并且城市和工业区的肺癌死亡率比农村地区的高。接着又陈述了引起此种情况的原因。故本题选E。
第二段的第一句便引出了该段的主题，即抽烟与肺癌死亡率之间有着紧密的关系。接下来举例证明该论点。故本题选C。
第三段开头指出有时肺癌是在用x射线检查结核病时被发现的，然后通过分析指出常规x射线检查利大于弊。由此可知，本题应选B项。
第四段第一句指出支气管癌是常见的一种肺癌，接着又描述了该癌症的形成过程及其在身体的其他部位引起的并发症等内容。整段都是对支气管癌这种常见肺癌的介绍。故本题选F。
由文章第三段第二、四句的内容可知，人们常因怕被辐射到而不做胸部x射线检查，但现代x射线机在合格技师的操作下所产生的危险微乎其微，并不像通常人们想象的那样，故选D。
由文章第四段第五句可知，在继发肿瘤出现之前将肺切除是治愈肺癌的唯一方法，故选A。
由文章第一段第三句的内容可知，导致肺癌的原因很多，但关于什么是最主要的原因仍存在争议，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句的内容可知，每天抽21到30支烟的重度吸烟者因患肺癌而死亡的几率是不抽烟者的17倍。故本题选E。第4音肠分：阅读理解第一篇本篇文章主要介绍了大脑在人睡眠过程中进行记忆整理的科学发现，以及两个相关实验。