共用题干 Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more._________(51)to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of

共用题干
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more._________(51)to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences（《美国国家科学院院刊》）.The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.
The research group analyzed the_________(52)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link_________(53) good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for__________(54) thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a________(55)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung________(56)and that your brain gets plenty of________(57),"says Michael Nilsson,professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be one of the reasons_________(58) we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular（肌肉的）__________(59).We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been __________(60) to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a_________(61)IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who_________(62)their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,"says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical__________(63)is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _________(64)national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in _________(65).Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.

_________(52)
A:answers
B:works
C:scores
D:results

共用题干
第一篇

Walking to Exercise the Brain

Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again.Getting some exer-
cise may help,too.
New research with old people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if
they didn't exercise.
Previous research had shown that mice learn,remember,and pay attention better after a few weeks of
working out on a running wheel.Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't.
Their brain cells also make more connections.
Neuroscientists（神经科学家）from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wanted to find out if
the same thing is true for people.First,they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults,ages 58 to 77,after
each person walked 1 mile.Then,participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer
keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.
Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task,and their answers were just as accurate as
their less-fit peers,the researchers found.The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their
brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions.
In a second study , 15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training（有氧运动）course were
faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises（韵律操）for
the same amount of time.
So,even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help.That should be good news
for the elderly.
The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet. Still,it can't hurt to
take occasional breaks and go for a walk or run around with friends.Whatever you do,though,don't try to
read and walk at the same time.You could end up hurting yourself!

After taking exercise for a few weeks,the mice were found to have______________
A:higher blood pressure
B:faster heartbeat
C:more blood flow to the brain
D:better appearance

共用题干
Smoking can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens

While some teenagers may use cigarettes to "self-medicate"（自我治疗）against the blues（忧郁）,sci-
entists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually
______________
(51)depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived ______________(52)benefits of
smoking among teens,"says lead researcher Michael Chaiton,a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco
Research Unit of the University of Toronto."_______________(53)cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating
effects or to improve mood,in the long_______________(54)we found that teens who started to smoke reported
higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study,some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use
of cigarettes to ______________
(55)mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and
English participants,urban and rural schools,and schools ______________(56)in high,moderate and low so-
cioeconomic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three
______________ (57):never smokers;smokers who did not use ciga-
rettes to self-medicate,improve mood or physical
______________ (58);smokers who used cigarettes to self-
medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired
to do things;had
______________ (59)going to sleep or staying asleep;felt unhappy,sad,or depressed;felt
hopeless about the future;felt anxious or tense;and worried too much about things.
" Smokers who used cigarettes as mood
______________( 60 ) had higher risks of elevated（提升）depres-
sive symptoms______________ (61)teens who had never smoked,"says co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin,a
professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine."Our study found that
teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are_______________(62)higher risk of developing
depressive symptoms."
The______________ (63)between depression and'smoking exists______________(64)among teens that use
cigarettes to feel better."It's ______________(65)to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher
among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,"says Dr. Chaiton.

_________(55)
A:affect
B:judge
C:lead
D:study

共用题干
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)The study involved 1 .2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born be-tween 1950 and 1976 .The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,”says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular strength .We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahl-grenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case,physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.

Which of the following is an implication of physical fitness?
A: Brain size.
B: Good logical capacity.
C: Clear logical thinking.
D: Muscular strength.

共用题干
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)The study involved 1 .2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born be-tween 1950 and 1976 .The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,”says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular strength .We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahl-grenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case,physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.

The researchers in this study come from_______.
A: Aby health centre
B: the Swedish army
C: the National Academy of Sciences
D: a Swedish university and its affiliated hospital

共用题干
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new
study_________(51)out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The
study__________(52)1._________(1.)
2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and
1976._________(1976.)
The research group analyzed the ________(53)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took
right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link _________(54)good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.
The strongest links are for ________(55)thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that
plays a _________ (56)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have
good heart and lung __________(57)and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen."says Michael Nilsson,pro-
fessor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be
one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular_________(58).We are
also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been________(59)to determine that it is primarily
environmental factors and not genes that___________(60)the link between fitness and a higher IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who _______(61)their physical fitness between the ages
of 1 5 and 1 8 increase their performance."says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and
physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical education is a_______(62)that has an
important place in schools,and is an absolute must________(63)we want to do well in math and other
theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service_______(64)
the socioeconomic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at I 8 were more__________(65)to go
into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.

_________(53)
A:answers
B:questions
C:standards
D:results

共用题干
Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor
Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE in-hibitors.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.
Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy.The medicine can injure the baby.ACE inhibitors,though,have been con-sidered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that,compared to others,their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems .These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months.Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study.The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000.Two hun-dred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies.Eighteen of the babies,or almost nine percent,had major disorders.
ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects.So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic.ACE inhibi- tors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE.This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow.The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.
New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable.The United States Food and Drug Adminis- tration helped pay for the study .The F. D.A.says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders______.
A: that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow
B: for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies
C: that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies
D: with their doctors about how to treat their problems
E: because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects
F: though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies

共用题干
Just one hour's listening to an MP3 player can damage hearing,claim scientists.It causes temporary changes in hearing sensitivity which may lead to long-term harm,according to a new study.
The findings show over -stimulation of hair cells within the ear occurs even at varying volume levels for short periods of time.The study of almost 60 young people carried out by researchers at Ghent University,Belgium,is published in the Archives of Otolaryngology -Head&Neck Surgery journal.
It follows previous warnings from doctors that using MP3 players at high volumes with earphones that fit into the ear canal could lead to loss of hearing. In the latest study,21 people aged 19 to 28 years were exposed to pop and rock music using MP3 players at varying volumes for one hour. A second group of 28 men and women were a control group who were not exposed to MP3 music.
Hearing tests were carried out before and after the exposure,which found significant threshold or emission shifts were observed between almost every session of the noise exposure group compared with the control group.Lead researcher Hannah Kempler said:Excessive noise exposure can lead to metabolic and mechanical effects resulting in alterations of the structural elements of the inner ear that contains auditory sensory cells or"hair cells".
The European Commission has warned up to 10% of 30-year-old would have to wear a hearing device within the next decade because they listen to music too loudly through headphones.Surveys showed more than 90% of young people in Europe and the U.S.used MP3 players,often for several hours a day at maximum volume.Hearing experts recommend the 60/60 rule一listening to MP3 players for no more than 60 minutes at a time at 60% of maximum volume.Concern among EU health and safety officials has led to plan to ensure all MP3 players have the same maximum volume of 85 decibels(dB)一although users may be able to individually override it at their own risk.

MP3 manufactures have set the maximum volume at 85 decibels.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Just one hour's listening to an MP3 player can damage hearing,claim scientists.It causes temporary changes in hearing sensitivity which may lead to long-term harm,according to a new study.
The findings show over -stimulation of hair cells within the ear occurs even at varying volume levels for short periods of time.The study of almost 60 young people carried out by researchers at Ghent University,Belgium,is published in the Archives of Otolaryngology -Head&Neck Surgery journal.
It follows previous warnings from doctors that using MP3 players at high volumes with earphones that fit into the ear canal could lead to loss of hearing. In the latest study,21 people aged 19 to 28 years were exposed to pop and rock music using MP3 players at varying volumes for one hour. A second group of 28 men and women were a control group who were not exposed to MP3 music.
Hearing tests were carried out before and after the exposure,which found significant threshold or emission shifts were observed between almost every session of the noise exposure group compared with the control group.Lead researcher Hannah Kempler said:Excessive noise exposure can lead to metabolic and mechanical effects resulting in alterations of the structural elements of the inner ear that contains auditory sensory cells or"hair cells".
The European Commission has warned up to 10% of 30-year-old would have to wear a hearing device within the next decade because they listen to music too loudly through headphones.Surveys showed more than 90% of young people in Europe and the U.S.used MP3 players,often for several hours a day at maximum volume.Hearing experts recommend the 60/60 rule一listening to MP3 players for no more than 60 minutes at a time at 60% of maximum volume.Concern among EU health and safety officials has led to plan to ensure all MP3 players have the same maximum volume of 85 decibels(dB)一although users may be able to individually override it at their own risk.

According to the surveys,most young people in both Europe and the U.S.used MP3 players for too long hours at maximum volume.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
第一篇

The Relationship between IQ and Being a Vegetarian

A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-
ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a
higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The
study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.
Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一
although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.
Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female
vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores
between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.
Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained
statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.
Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or
vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual
income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.
Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to
report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on
heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of
coronary heart disease in adult life."
But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Do
pcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to be
more aware of health issues?

Catharine Gale talked about"being vegetarians"in a(n) ___________way.
A:doubtful
B:favorable
C:negative
D:objective

共用题干
第一篇

The Relationship between IQ and Being a Vegetarian

A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-
ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a
higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The
study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.
Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一
although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.
Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female
vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores
between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.
Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained
statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.
Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or
vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual
income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.
Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to
report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on
heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of
coronary heart disease in adult life."
But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Do
pcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to be
more aware of health issues?

It was found in the research that______________.
A:most of the participants became vegetarians 20 years after the IQ tests were carried out
B:vegetarians who ate fish or chicken were of similar intelligence with strict vegetarians
C:female vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarians
D:vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarians

共用题干
第一篇

The Relationship between IQ and Being a Vegetarian

A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-
ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a
higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The
study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.
Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一
although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.
Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female
vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores
between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.
Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained
statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.
Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or
vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual
income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.
Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to
report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on
heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of
coronary heart disease in adult life."
But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Do
pcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to be
more aware of health issues?

What's the result of the research mentioned in the text?
A:Intelligent children are more likely to become vegetarians later in life.
B:Children with a higher IQ are less likely to have heart disease later in life.
C:Intelligent children tend to belong to higher social class later in life.
D:Children with a healthier heart tend to have a higher IQ later in life.

共用题干
Smoking can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens

While some teenagers may use cigarettes to "self-medicate"（自我治疗）against the blues（忧郁）,sci-
entists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually
______________
(51)depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived ______________(52)benefits of
smoking among teens,"says lead researcher Michael Chaiton,a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco
Research Unit of the University of Toronto."_______________(53)cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating
effects or to improve mood,in the long_______________(54)we found that teens who started to smoke reported
higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study,some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use
of cigarettes to ______________
(55)mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and
English participants,urban and rural schools,and schools ______________(56)in high,moderate and low so-
cioeconomic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three
______________ (57):never smokers;smokers who did not use ciga-
rettes to self-medicate,improve mood or physical
______________ (58);smokers who used cigarettes to self-
medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired
to do things;had
______________ (59)going to sleep or staying asleep;felt unhappy,sad,or depressed;felt
hopeless about the future;felt anxious or tense;and worried too much about things.
" Smokers who used cigarettes as mood
______________( 60 ) had higher risks of elevated（提升）depres-
sive symptoms______________ (61)teens who had never smoked,"says co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin,a
professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine."Our study found that
teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are_______________(62)higher risk of developing
depressive symptoms."
The______________ (63)between depression and'smoking exists______________(64)among teens that use
cigarettes to feel better."It's ______________(65)to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher
among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,"says Dr. Chaiton.

_________(58)
A:beauty
B:state
C:world
D:activity

共用题干
Smoking can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens

While some teenagers may use cigarettes to "self-medicate"（自我治疗）against the blues（忧郁）,sci-
entists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually
______________
(51)depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived ______________(52)benefits of
smoking among teens,"says lead researcher Michael Chaiton,a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco
Research Unit of the University of Toronto."_______________(53)cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating
effects or to improve mood,in the long_______________(54)we found that teens who started to smoke reported
higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study,some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use
of cigarettes to ______________
(55)mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and
English participants,urban and rural schools,and schools ______________(56)in high,moderate and low so-
cioeconomic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three
______________ (57):never smokers;smokers who did not use ciga-
rettes to self-medicate,improve mood or physical
______________ (58);smokers who used cigarettes to self-
medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired
to do things;had
______________ (59)going to sleep or staying asleep;felt unhappy,sad,or depressed;felt
hopeless about the future;felt anxious or tense;and worried too much about things.
" Smokers who used cigarettes as mood
______________( 60 ) had higher risks of elevated（提升）depres-
sive symptoms______________ (61)teens who had never smoked,"says co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin,a
professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine."Our study found that
teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are_______________(62)higher risk of developing
depressive symptoms."
The______________ (63)between depression and'smoking exists______________(64)among teens that use
cigarettes to feel better."It's ______________(65)to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher
among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,"says Dr. Chaiton.

_________(51)
A:diagnose
B:increase
C:examine
D:treat

共用题干
第一篇

Walking to Exercise the Brain

Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again.Getting some exer-
cise may help,too.
New research with old people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if
they didn't exercise.
Previous research had shown that mice learn,remember,and pay attention better after a few weeks of
working out on a running wheel.Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't.
Their brain cells also make more connections.
Neuroscientists（神经科学家）from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wanted to find out if
the same thing is true for people.First,they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults,ages 58 to 77,after
each person walked 1 mile.Then,participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer
keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.
Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task,and their answers were just as accurate as
their less-fit peers,the researchers found.The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their
brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions.
In a second study , 15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training（有氧运动）course were
faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises（韵律操）for
the same amount of time.
So,even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help.That should be good news
for the elderly.
The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet. Still,it can't hurt to
take occasional breaks and go for a walk or run around with friends.Whatever you do,though,don't try to
read and walk at the same time.You could end up hurting yourself!

The first study on 41 elderly people found______________.
A:the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster
B:the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster
C:the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers
D:the fitter participants gave more accurate answers

共用题干
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)The study involved 1 .2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born be-tween 1950 and 1976 .The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,”says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular strength .We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahl-grenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case,physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.

The study findings include the following EXCEPT that_______.
A: growth factors are significant for a person's IQ
B: young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests
C:youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education
D: young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ

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Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new
study_________(51)out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The
study__________(52)1._________(1.)
2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and
1976._________(1976.)
The research group analyzed the ________(53)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took
right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link _________(54)good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.
The strongest links are for ________(55)thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that
plays a _________ (56)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have
good heart and lung __________(57)and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen."says Michael Nilsson,pro-
fessor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be
one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular_________(58).We are
also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been________(59)to determine that it is primarily
environmental factors and not genes that___________(60)the link between fitness and a higher IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who _______(61)their physical fitness between the ages
of 1 5 and 1 8 increase their performance."says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and
physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical education is a_______(62)that has an
important place in schools,and is an absolute must________(63)we want to do well in math and other
theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service_______(64)
the socioeconomic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at I 8 were more__________(65)to go
into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.

_________(55)
A:imaginary
B:typical
C:positive
D:logical

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Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new
study_________(51)out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The
study__________(52)1._________(1.)
2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and
1976._________(1976.)
The research group analyzed the ________(53)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took
right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link _________(54)good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.
The strongest links are for ________(55)thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that
plays a _________ (56)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have
good heart and lung __________(57)and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen."says Michael Nilsson,pro-
fessor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be
one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular_________(58).We are
also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been________(59)to determine that it is primarily
environmental factors and not genes that___________(60)the link between fitness and a higher IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who _______(61)their physical fitness between the ages
of 1 5 and 1 8 increase their performance."says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and
physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical education is a_______(62)that has an
important place in schools,and is an absolute must________(63)we want to do well in math and other
theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service_______(64)
the socioeconomic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at I 8 were more__________(65)to go
into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.

_________(51)
A:put
B:carried
C:cut
D:taken

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Just one hour's listening to an MP3 player can damage hearing,claim scientists.It causes temporary changes in hearing sensitivity which may lead to long-term harm,according to a new study.
The findings show over -stimulation of hair cells within the ear occurs even at varying volume levels for short periods of time.The study of almost 60 young people carried out by researchers at Ghent University,Belgium,is published in the Archives of Otolaryngology -Head&Neck Surgery journal.
It follows previous warnings from doctors that using MP3 players at high volumes with earphones that fit into the ear canal could lead to loss of hearing. In the latest study,21 people aged 19 to 28 years were exposed to pop and rock music using MP3 players at varying volumes for one hour. A second group of 28 men and women were a control group who were not exposed to MP3 music.
Hearing tests were carried out before and after the exposure,which found significant threshold or emission shifts were observed between almost every session of the noise exposure group compared with the control group.Lead researcher Hannah Kempler said:Excessive noise exposure can lead to metabolic and mechanical effects resulting in alterations of the structural elements of the inner ear that contains auditory sensory cells or"hair cells".
The European Commission has warned up to 10% of 30-year-old would have to wear a hearing device within the next decade because they listen to music too loudly through headphones.Surveys showed more than 90% of young people in Europe and the U.S.used MP3 players,often for several hours a day at maximum volume.Hearing experts recommend the 60/60 rule一listening to MP3 players for no more than 60 minutes at a time at 60% of maximum volume.Concern among EU health and safety officials has led to plan to ensure all MP3 players have the same maximum volume of 85 decibels(dB)一although users may be able to individually override it at their own risk.

A control group refers to people with limited exposure to MP3 player.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

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Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science further support the theory that brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice.Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex(an area that processes sensory information)and the hippocampus,which is a center for learning and memory.The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles(bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose level.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests,brain scans and glucose tolerance tests,which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's issues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
"Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age,"Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age一associated problems in cognition?”Exercise and weights control can help keep glucose level in check,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?
A:The electrical activity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex.
B:Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus.
C:Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.
D:Somatosensory neocortex plays a primary role in memory consolidation.

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Just one hour's listening to an MP3 player can damage hearing,claim scientists.It causes temporary changes in hearing sensitivity which may lead to long-term harm,according to a new study.
The findings show over -stimulation of hair cells within the ear occurs even at varying volume levels for short periods of time.The study of almost 60 young people carried out by researchers at Ghent University,Belgium,is published in the Archives of Otolaryngology -Head&Neck Surgery journal.
It follows previous warnings from doctors that using MP3 players at high volumes with earphones that fit into the ear canal could lead to loss of hearing. In the latest study,21 people aged 19 to 28 years were exposed to pop and rock music using MP3 players at varying volumes for one hour. A second group of 28 men and women were a control group who were not exposed to MP3 music.
Hearing tests were carried out before and after the exposure,which found significant threshold or emission shifts were observed between almost every session of the noise exposure group compared with the control group.Lead researcher Hannah Kempler said:Excessive noise exposure can lead to metabolic and mechanical effects resulting in alterations of the structural elements of the inner ear that contains auditory sensory cells or"hair cells".
The European Commission has warned up to 10% of 30-year-old would have to wear a hearing device within the next decade because they listen to music too loudly through headphones.Surveys showed more than 90% of young people in Europe and the U.S.used MP3 players,often for several hours a day at maximum volume.Hearing experts recommend the 60/60 rule一listening to MP3 players for no more than 60 minutes at a time at 60% of maximum volume.Concern among EU health and safety officials has led to plan to ensure all MP3 players have the same maximum volume of 85 decibels(dB)一although users may be able to individually override it at their own risk.

The findings of the new study are in accord with the doctors' warnings previously about the dan-gers of using MP3 players at high volumes with earphones.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

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第一篇

The Relationship between IQ and Being a Vegetarian

A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-
ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a
higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The
study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.
Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一
although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.
Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female
vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores
between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.
Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained
statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.
Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or
vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual
income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.
Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to
report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on
heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of
coronary heart disease in adult life."
But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Do
pcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to be
more aware of health issues?

What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A:Intelligence is linked to not just being a vegetarian but many factors.
B:The rate of getting heart disease is linked to your lifestyle.
C:The link between a high IQ and being a vegetarian is still uncertain.
D:The link between a healthy heart and diet remains to be proved.

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第一篇

The Relationship between IQ and Being a Vegetarian

A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-
ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a
higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The
study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.
Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一
although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.
Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female
vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores
between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.
Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained
statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.
Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or
vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual
income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.
Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to
report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on
heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of
coronary heart disease in adult life."
But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Do
pcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to be
more aware of health issues?

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A:Vegetarians are more likely to have higher social class than non-vegetarians.
B:Vegetarians are more likely to have higher academic qualifications than non-vegetarians,
C:There are more female non-vegetarians than female vegetarians.
D:Vegetarians are more likely to have higher professional qualifications than non-vegetarians.

Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university( ).

A.has been accepted
B.have been accepted
C.was accepted
D.were accepted