共用题干 Dark Forces Dominate UniverseThe earth,moon,sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of the universe.Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy,unknown forces that _______(1)astronomers.Observations in recent years h

　Smart Windows
　　1.Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between easily.
　　2."It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is," says Claes Granqvist. He's a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. "It's contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well." So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they're stuck indoors.
　　3.Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it's hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的), actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
　　4.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing(用玻璃覆盖), and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use some chromogenic(发色的)technologies involving changes of color.
　　5.Electrochromic(电致色的) windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of tungsten oxide(氧化钨)works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(电压)is decreased, the window darkens until it's completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
　　6.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of "memory". All it takes is a small shock of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. "In the future," Granqvist says, "our buildings may look different."
文章(31~35)

Which of the following values of windows is NOT mentioned?

A.They let light in to brighten the house.
B.They let light in to heat the house.
C.They let us have visual contact with the surrounding world.
D.They let us think about the outside world.

共用题干
Dark Forces Dominate Universe

The earth,moon,sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of
the universe.Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy,unknown forces that
_______(1)astronomers.
Observations in recent years have changed the basic_______(2)of how the
universe evolved and have indicated how little is known about the major forces and
substances that_______(3)our world.
Astronomers now know that luminous（发光的）matter一stars , planets and hot gas一
accounts_______(4)only about 0.4 percent of the universe.Non-luminous
components , such as black holes and intergalactic（星系间的）gas,_______(5)
up 3.6 percent.The rest is either dark matter,about 23 percent,or dark energy,about
73 percent.
Dark matter,sometimes_______(6)"cold dark matter,"has been known for some time.Only recently have researchers come to understand the key role it_______ (7)in the formation of stars,planets and even people.
"We_______(8)our very existence to dark matter,"said physicist Paul
Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which_______(9)not long ago
in the journal Science.
"Dark matter dominated the structure_______(10)in the early universe,"
Steinhardt said."For the first few billion years dark matter contained most of the mass of the
universe. You can think of ordinary matter_______(11)a froth（泡沫）of an ocean
of dark matter. The dark matter clumps（结成块）and the ordinary matter falls into it. That
_______(12) to the formation of the stars and galaxies（星系）."
Without dark matter,"there would be virtually no structures in the universe,"
The nature of dark matter is_______(13).It cannot be seen or detected
directly. Astronomers know it is there because of its_______(14) on celestial（天体
的）objects that can be seen and measured.
But the most dominating force of all in the universe is called dark energy,a recently
________(15)power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to
separate at a faster and faster speed.

_________(13)
A:unknown
B:interesting
C:different
D:visible

共用题干
第一篇

Tourism

People travel for a lot of reason.Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines.Others are looking for culture,or simply want to have their picture taken in front of famous places.But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on.
Northern European are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. Residents of cities like London,Copenhagen,and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short,and much of the rest the year in the rain.This is the reason the Mediterranean has always attracted them.Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resort and beaches for their vacation.They all come for the same reason:sun!
The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries.Italy's
30,000 hotels are booked solid every summer.And 13 million people camp out on French beaches, parks and roadsides.Spain's long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else.37 million tourists visit yearly,or one tourist for every person living in Spain.
But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism than it can hand1e; The Mediterranean is already one the most polluted seas on earth.And with increased tourism,it's getting worse.The French can't figure out what to do with all the garbage left by campers around St. Tropez.And in many places,swimming is dangerous because of pollution.
None of this,however,is spoiling anyone's fun.The Mediterranean gets more popular every year with tourists.Obviously,they don't go there for clean water and solitude.They tolerate traffic jams and seem to like crowded beaches.They don't even mind the pollution.No matter how dirty the water is,the coastline still looks beautiful.And as long as the sun shines,it's still better than sitting in the cold rain in Berlin,London,or Oslo.

The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that______.
A:they want to see historic remains or religious spots
B:they are interested in different cultural traditions and social customs
C:they would like to take pictures in front of famous sites
D:they wish to escape from the cold,dark and rainy days back at home

共用题干
Early Ideas about the Universe

1 Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do.He
observed carefully,and learned many things about the sun,the moon,and the stars.
2 Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did.You might
go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east.Even on cloudy mornings,you
would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light.You might not see
the sun but would be sure it is there,because you notice that the earth warms up.As you
continued,the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the
sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.
3 After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods.Many plants begin
to die.Leaves fall.Winter comes.Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell
exactly why it happens.But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference.
Primitive（原始的）man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may
seem silly to us now to worship（崇拜）a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the
importance of the sun to life on earth.
4 You have been told that the world is round.But suppose no one had ever taught you
that the world was like a huge ball.Would you have ever thought of it yourself?You cannot
see the curve（曲线）of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was.
That's why early man believed that the earth was small and flat.Such ideas appeared from
the evidence they had.
5 If you watch the stars night after night,you will see them rise and set.As you look at
the sky,it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling
（闪烁）lights. Some early astronomers（天文学家）believed the sky was a crystal shell or
series of crystal shells,one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the
night sky looked like.For many centuries,men believed that the earth was the center of
the universe and that the sun,the moon,and the stars circled around it.

Paragraph 2_________
A:Early Ideas about the Sky and the Stars
B:The Importance of the Sun to Life on Earth
C:Primitive Knowledge of the Moon
D:The Sun in Autumn and Winter
E:Early Ideas about the Earth
F:Collecting Evidence about the Sun

共用题干
Weight on and off the Earth We are so used to.our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted.Because we can feel that things are heavy,we think of "weight"as being a fixed quality in an object,but it is not really fixed at all.If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth,it would weigh only a quarter of a pound. Why would things weigh only a quarter as much as they do at the surface of the earth if we took them 4,000 miles out into space?The reason is this:all objects have a natural attraction for all other objects;this is called gravitational attraction.But this power of attraction between two obects gets weaker as they get farther apart.When the butter was at the surface of the earth,it was 4,000 miles from the center.When we took the butter 4,000 miles out,it was 8,000 miles from the center,which is twice the distance.If you double the distance between two objects,their gravitational attraction decreases two times two.If you treble the distance, it gets nine times weaker(three times three)and so on. So this is one of the first things we need to remember that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of the earth. What about the weight of our pound of butter on the surface of the moon?At the distance the puii of the earth is about 4,000 times smaller than it is here on the surface,so we can forget all about the earth-pull on our butter. On the other hand,on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon,but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth.This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth.The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it.A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own;but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon,or the earth,or the sun.

How much would four pounds of tea weigh if it was taken 4,000 miles out from the surface of the earth?
A:1 pound.
B:2 pounds.
C:3 pounds.
D:4 pounds.

共用题干
Early Ideas about the Universe

1 Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do.He
observed carefully,and learned many things about the sun,the moon,and the stars.
2 Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did.You might
go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east.Even on cloudy mornings,you
would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light.You might not see
the sun but would be sure it is there,because you notice that the earth warms up.As you
continued,the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the
sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.
3 After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods.Many plants begin
to die.Leaves fall.Winter comes.Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell
exactly why it happens.But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference.
Primitive（原始的）man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may
seem silly to us now to worship（崇拜）a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the
importance of the sun to life on earth.
4 You have been told that the world is round.But suppose no one had ever taught you
that the world was like a huge ball.Would you have ever thought of it yourself?You cannot
see the curve（曲线）of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was.
That's why early man believed that the earth was small and flat.Such ideas appeared from
the evidence they had.
5 If you watch the stars night after night,you will see them rise and set.As you look at
the sky,it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling
（闪烁）lights. Some early astronomers（天文学家）believed the sky was a crystal shell or
series of crystal shells,one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the
night sky looked like.For many centuries,men believed that the earth was the center of
the universe and that the sun,the moon,and the stars circled around it.

Early astronomers believed that the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells because_________.
A:he did not observe the sun carefully enough
B:he could not see its curve
C:the sun,the moon and the stars seemed to move around it
D:the earth circles around the sun
E:it looked like that at night
F:it has power over life on earth

共用题干
Dark Forces Dominate Universe

The earth,moon,sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of
the universe.Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy,unknown forces that
_______(1)astronomers.
Observations in recent years have changed the basic_______(2)of how the
universe evolved and have indicated how little is known about the major forces and
substances that_______(3)our world.
Astronomers now know that luminous（发光的）matter一stars , planets and hot gas一
accounts_______(4)only about 0.4 percent of the universe.Non-luminous
components , such as black holes and intergalactic（星系间的）gas,_______(5)
up 3.6 percent.The rest is either dark matter,about 23 percent,or dark energy,about
73 percent.
Dark matter,sometimes_______(6)"cold dark matter,"has been known for some time.Only recently have researchers come to understand the key role it_______ (7)in the formation of stars,planets and even people.
"We_______(8)our very existence to dark matter,"said physicist Paul
Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which_______(9)not long ago
in the journal Science.
"Dark matter dominated the structure_______(10)in the early universe,"
Steinhardt said."For the first few billion years dark matter contained most of the mass of the
universe. You can think of ordinary matter_______(11)a froth（泡沫）of an ocean
of dark matter. The dark matter clumps（结成块）and the ordinary matter falls into it. That
_______(12) to the formation of the stars and galaxies（星系）."
Without dark matter,"there would be virtually no structures in the universe,"
The nature of dark matter is_______(13).It cannot be seen or detected
directly. Astronomers know it is there because of its_______(14) on celestial（天体
的）objects that can be seen and measured.
But the most dominating force of all in the universe is called dark energy,a recently
________(15)power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to
separate at a faster and faster speed.

_________(11)
A:with
B:as
C:from
D:beside

共用题干
Dark Forces Dominate Universe

The earth,moon,sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of
the universe.Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy,unknown forces that
_______(1)astronomers.
Observations in recent years have changed the basic_______(2)of how the
universe evolved and have indicated how little is known about the major forces and
substances that_______(3)our world.
Astronomers now know that luminous（发光的）matter一stars , planets and hot gas一
accounts_______(4)only about 0.4 percent of the universe.Non-luminous
components , such as black holes and intergalactic（星系间的）gas,_______(5)
up 3.6 percent.The rest is either dark matter,about 23 percent,or dark energy,about
73 percent.
Dark matter,sometimes_______(6)"cold dark matter,"has been known for some time.Only recently have researchers come to understand the key role it_______ (7)in the formation of stars,planets and even people.
"We_______(8)our very existence to dark matter,"said physicist Paul
Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which_______(9)not long ago
in the journal Science.
"Dark matter dominated the structure_______(10)in the early universe,"
Steinhardt said."For the first few billion years dark matter contained most of the mass of the
universe. You can think of ordinary matter_______(11)a froth（泡沫）of an ocean
of dark matter. The dark matter clumps（结成块）and the ordinary matter falls into it. That
_______(12) to the formation of the stars and galaxies（星系）."
Without dark matter,"there would be virtually no structures in the universe,"
The nature of dark matter is_______(13).It cannot be seen or detected
directly. Astronomers know it is there because of its_______(14) on celestial（天体
的）objects that can be seen and measured.
But the most dominating force of all in the universe is called dark energy,a recently
________(15)power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to
separate at a faster and faster speed.

_________(1)
A:worry
B:move
C:puzzle
D:reject

共用题干
Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists1the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase2the world's temperatures and are convinced that,more than3before,the Earth is at4from the forces of the wind,rain and sun.5to them,global warming is making extreme weather events,6as hurricanes and droughts,even more7and causing sea levels all around the world to8.
Environmental groups are putting9on governments to take action to reduce the 10 of carbon dioxide which is given 11 by factories and power plants,thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in12of more money being spent on research into so-lar,wind and wave energy devices,which could then replace existing power13.
Some scientists,14believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow,we would have to wait15hundred years to notice the results. Global warming,it seems,is here to stay.

11._________
A: off
B: away
C: up
D: over

共用题干
Modern Sun Worshippers People travel for a lot of reasons.Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines.Others are looking for culture,or simply want to have their pictures taken in front of famous places.But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on. Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it.Residents of cities like London,Copenhagen,and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short,and much of the rest of the year in the rain.This is the reason why the Mediterranean has always attracted them.Every summer,more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation.They all come for the same reason:sun! The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries.Italy's30,000 hotels are booked solid every summer.And 13 million people camp out on French beaches,parks,and roadsides.Spain's long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else.37 million tourists visit yearly,or one tourist for every person living in Spain. But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism than it can handle.The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth.And with increased tourism,it's getting worse.The French can't figure out what to do with all the garbage left by campers around St.Tropez.And in many places, swimming is dangerous because of pollution. None of this,however,is-spoiling anyone's fun.The Mediterranean gets more popular every year with tourists.Obviously,they don't go there for clean water and solitude.They tolerate traffic jams and seem to like crowded beaches.They don't even mind the pollution.No matter how dirty the water is,the coastline still looks beautiful.And as long as the sun shines,it's still better than sitting in the cold rain in Berlin,Iondon,or Oslo.

Every summer,all of Italy's 30,000 hotels are booked by travelers.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Early Ideas about the Universe

1 Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do.He
observed carefully,and learned many things about the sun,the moon,and the stars.
2 Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did.You might
go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east.Even on cloudy mornings,you
would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light.You might not see
the sun but would be sure it is there,because you notice that the earth warms up.As you
continued,the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the
sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.
3 After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods.Many plants begin
to die.Leaves fall.Winter comes.Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell
exactly why it happens.But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference.
Primitive（原始的）man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may
seem silly to us now to worship（崇拜）a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the
importance of the sun to life on earth.
4 You have been told that the world is round.But suppose no one had ever taught you
that the world was like a huge ball.Would you have ever thought of it yourself?You cannot
see the curve（曲线）of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was.
That's why early man believed that the earth was small and flat.Such ideas appeared from
the evidence they had.
5 If you watch the stars night after night,you will see them rise and set.As you look at
the sky,it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling
（闪烁）lights. Some early astronomers（天文学家）believed the sky was a crystal shell or
series of crystal shells,one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the
night sky looked like.For many centuries,men believed that the earth was the center of
the universe and that the sun,the moon,and the stars circled around it.

Early man thought the earth was small and flat because_________.
A:he did not observe the sun carefully enough
B:he could not see its curve
C:the sun,the moon and the stars seemed to move around it
D:the earth circles around the sun
E:it looked like that at night
F:it has power over life on earth

共用题干
Early Ideas about the Universe

1 Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do.He
observed carefully,and learned many things about the sun,the moon,and the stars.
2 Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did.You might
go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east.Even on cloudy mornings,you
would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light.You might not see
the sun but would be sure it is there,because you notice that the earth warms up.As you
continued,the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the
sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.
3 After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods.Many plants begin
to die.Leaves fall.Winter comes.Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell
exactly why it happens.But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference.
Primitive（原始的）man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may
seem silly to us now to worship（崇拜）a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the
importance of the sun to life on earth.
4 You have been told that the world is round.But suppose no one had ever taught you
that the world was like a huge ball.Would you have ever thought of it yourself?You cannot
see the curve（曲线）of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was.
That's why early man believed that the earth was small and flat.Such ideas appeared from
the evidence they had.
5 If you watch the stars night after night,you will see them rise and set.As you look at
the sky,it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling
（闪烁）lights. Some early astronomers（天文学家）believed the sky was a crystal shell or
series of crystal shells,one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the
night sky looked like.For many centuries,men believed that the earth was the center of
the universe and that the sun,the moon,and the stars circled around it.

Primitive man believed the sun was a god because_________.
A:he did not observe the sun carefully enough
B:he could not see its curve
C:the sun,the moon and the stars seemed to move around it
D:the earth circles around the sun
E:it looked like that at night
F:it has power over life on earth