解析:
(1)钻石及钻石饰品在零售环节缴纳消费税,生产环节无需缴纳消费税。
销售玉石首饰应缴纳的消费税=129.8×10%=12.98(万元)
Diamonds and diamond jewelry are subject to excise tax in retail sales, and no excise tax is required in production phase.
The excise tax payable on the sale of jade jewelry=129.8×10%=RMB 129,800
(2)组成成套的礼盒销售,应从高适用消费税的税率。
礼盒销售应缴纳的消费税=60×10%=6(万元)
The excise tax payable for the sale of jade jewelry constitutes a set of gift box, which should be subject to a higher excise tax rate.
The excise tax payable on the gift box sales=60×10%=RMB 60,000
(3)用于抵偿债务,按最高售价计算消费税。
抵偿债务应缴纳的消费税=71÷(1+16%)×10%=6.12(万元)
For offsetting the debt, the excise tax is calculated at the highest selling price.
The excise tax payable on offsetting the debt=71÷(1+16%)×10%=RMB 61,200
(4)“以旧换新”销售金项链应缴纳的消费税=(58.5-12)÷(1+16%)×5%=2 (万元)
The excise tax payable on sale gold necklaces by “replacing old ones with new ones”=(58.5-12)÷(1+16%)×5%=RMB 20,000.