What is the most appropriate title for the passage?A) Dangers of Earthquakes.B) Earthquake Belts and Prediction.C) Earthquake Prediction and Control.D) Earthquake Engineering in California.
题目
What is the most appropriate title for the passage?
A) Dangers of Earthquakes.
B) Earthquake Belts and Prediction.
C) Earthquake Prediction and Control.
D) Earthquake Engineering in California.
相似考题
参考答案和解析
正确答案：C
答案：C
[试题分析] 文章主旨题。
[详细解答] 文章第一段讲述美国政府正在研究的有关地震的课题，接下来说了正在进行的工作，对问题的解决作了展望，最后，介绍了现阶段取得的成果。根据这些内容，我们可以判断，选择Earthquake Prediction and Control作标题．更有概括性，因此，正确答案为C。
答案：C
[试题分析] 文章主旨题。
[详细解答] 文章第一段讲述美国政府正在研究的有关地震的课题，接下来说了正在进行的工作，对问题的解决作了展望，最后，介绍了现阶段取得的成果。根据这些内容，我们可以判断，选择Earthquake Prediction and Control作标题．更有概括性，因此，正确答案为C。
更多“What is the most appropriate title for the passage?A) Dangers of Earthquakes.B) Earthquake Belts and Prediction.C) Earthquake Prediction and Control.D) Earthquake Engineering in California.”相关问题
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第1题：
What can we learn about the tsunami waves generated by the earthquake? ( )
A． The tsunami waves as high as 25 meters arrived immediately after the earthquake．
B． The tsunami waves killed 200 people and sank all the boats．
C． The tsunami waves were very destructive．
D． The tsunami waves flooded half of the inland．
正确答案：C
C[解析]由文章第二段的“Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people,sinking all the boats，and flooding half a kilometer inland．”容易判断ABD项错误。 -
第2题：
What is the total number of deaths in the earthquake? ( )
A． 2,000,000
B． Between 490 and 57,002
C． 200,000
D． It was hard to know
正确答案：D
D[解析]由最后一段的“Estimates of deaths reached between 490 to 5,7002 with no distinction<差别）as to how many cleaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami.”可知本题答案为D项。 -
第3题：
The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake inSichuan Province, __________the students to return to their classrooms.A.enabling
B.having enabled
C.to enable
D.to have enabled答案：A解析：enable与句子的主语the man之间是主动关系，故用现在分词enablin9，句意为：这个退休的男人把自己他大部分积蓄都捐给了在四川地震时被摧毁的学校，确保学生能重返他们的教室。此处用现在分词短语作状语，表示结果，故选A。 -
第4题：
共用题干
第一篇
How to Do with Earthquake?
Ideally,people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will
be.In both Japan and China,people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.For example,the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake,hens' behavior changes一they refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot,even normally quiet dogs.Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan,there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. Certain birds,like pigeons,also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake.
Perhaps most interesting,and most easily measured,is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.
People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.After all,most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings.Therefore,building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.Steel seems to be the best material,but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.
Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint,an I-joint,which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also,to prevent property damage,architects now design buildings so that the building's columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength,and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.In addition,many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel.
Besides working to improve building structures,people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake.They should regularly check and reinforce their homes,place heavy objects in low positions,attach cupboards and cabinets to walls,and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.According to the passage,the amount of radon(Rn)in the water may______before earthquake.
A:increase
B:reduce
C:not change
D:disappear答案：A解析：文章第一段告诉我们“中国人的传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号”。因此选项B是正确的。
文章第一段提到选项A、B、C，只有选项D表述不正确，因为地震前狗会大叫，即使平时安静的狗也一样。
文章第二段说“the amount of radon ( Rn ) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake"，单词wax的含义是“increase“，因此只有选项A是正确的。
文章第三段说“most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings"，因此人们关心建筑物的结构是否结实，以保证地震中人们的安全，所以只有选项B是正确的。
根据文章最后一段，我们知道选项B、D都不正确，而文章第四段告诉我们选项C应该是build strong walls and light roofs，因此C项也是错误的。最后一段第二句话告诉我们只有选项A的表述是正确的。 -
第5题：
共用题干
第一篇
How to Do with Earthquake?
Ideally,people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will
be.In both Japan and China,people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.For example,the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake,hens' behavior changes一they refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot,even normally quiet dogs.Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan,there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. Certain birds,like pigeons,also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake.
Perhaps most interesting,and most easily measured,is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.
People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.After all,most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings.Therefore,building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.Steel seems to be the best material,but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.
Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint,an I-joint,which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also,to prevent property damage,architects now design buildings so that the building's columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength,and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.In addition,many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel.
Besides working to improve building structures,people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake.They should regularly check and reinforce their homes,place heavy objects in low positions,attach cupboards and cabinets to walls,and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.What should people do to prepare for earthquakes?
A:Check and reinforce their homes.
B:Place light objects in low positions.
C:Build strong roofs and light walls.
D:Attach doors to walls.答案：A解析：文章第一段告诉我们“中国人的传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号”。因此选项B是正确的。
文章第一段提到选项A、B、C，只有选项D表述不正确，因为地震前狗会大叫，即使平时安静的狗也一样。
文章第二段说“the amount of radon ( Rn ) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake"，单词wax的含义是“increase“，因此只有选项A是正确的。
文章第三段说“most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings"，因此人们关心建筑物的结构是否结实，以保证地震中人们的安全，所以只有选项B是正确的。
根据文章最后一段，我们知道选项B、D都不正确，而文章第四段告诉我们选项C应该是build strong walls and light roofs，因此C项也是错误的。最后一段第二句话告诉我们只有选项A的表述是正确的。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Earthquake
How does an earthquake start?
What makes an earthquake happen? The rock of the earth's crust（地壳）may have a
"fault",a kind of break in the surface.The blocks which make up the earth move,and
sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways（纵向
地）against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force,a
lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations（振动）and it is these vibrations
that we feel as an earthquake.The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an
earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece.
What to do during an earthquake?
At school
As soon as the earthquake starts,students should get under the desks immediately and
wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out.The teacher should,at the same
time, go immediately to the teacher's desk, get underneath（在……下面）it and stay there
till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions.
As soon as the tremors（震动）stop, all students should walk towards the exit and go
straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park.They must
wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go.
At home
If you are at home when the earthquake occurs,get immediately under the table in the
living room or kitchen.Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find.You must not
go anywhere near the window and don't go out onto the balcony（阳台）.Once the tremors
have stopped,you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building
straight away.You should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift一there may be a
power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for
hours.
In the street
If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place,do not stand near buildings,
fences or walls一move away as quickly as possible and try to find a large open space to wait
in.Standing under trees could also be dangerous.Students should go to the school playground or an open space once the tremors stop.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析： -
第7题：
共用题干
Earthquake Insurance
1.Earthquake insurance is a form of homeowners' insurance which deals with damage caused by earthquakes.In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earthquake,people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies.As a general rule,earthquake insurance is not a part of standard insurance policies,and it must be purchased separately.
2.Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home,ranging from complete destruction to damage which causes the building to become structurally unsound.Indirect damage caused by neigh-boring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur,as can more bizarre forms of earthquake damage,like winding up with a car in the living room or a sinkhole in the back yard.Fires and flooding are also common problems in the wake of earthquakes.
3.When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance,they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage,like a fire caused by broken gas lines.More commonly,the insurance only covers structural damage caused directly by the earthquake.The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure,or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage.Some policies also cover damaged property like cars,and they may provide living allowances so that the residents of the home can temporarily relocate for the duration of the repairs.
4.This type of homeowners' insurance is prone to adverse selection,in which only people in high risk areas purchase the insurance.The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers,making potential payouts very expensive.For this reason, earthquake insurance often has a high deductible,and it can he very expensive.
5.Recognizing the need for earthquake insurance,some governments have provided subsidies for earthquake insurance,to reduce the stress on insurance companies.Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully,and there may be stringent requirements for a homeowner to purchase earthquake insurance.For example,a home may need to be retrofitted for earthquake safety, reducing the amount of damage which will be incurred in a quake.For low-income home owners, this can be very difficult,as it drives the cost of earthquake insurance out of reach,which can in turn make it difficult to get home loans,as many banks in earthquake-prone areas insist on earth-quake insurance as a condition for a loan.Paragraph 3______
A:What's the Main Problem of Earthquake Insurance?
B:What Damages Can an Earthquake Cause?
C:How to Buy an Earthquake Insurance?
D:What Is an Earthquake Insurance?
E:Where Does Earthquake Happen Frequently?
F: What Does an Earthquake Insurance Contain?答案：F解析：第一段开宗明义，介绍地震保险是……实际上就是对地震保险下定义，很明显，就是要告诉读者什么是地震保险。所以选择D。
第二段第一句：Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home…意思是地震会给一个家庭带来各种破坏……显然是在讲地震带来的危害。B选项What damages can a earthquake cause（地震会带来什么危害）与该段表述一致。
该段第一句：When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance, they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage, like a fire caused by broken gas lines．当人们购买了地震保险之后，他们就可以规避在地震中受到的直接损失和间接损失。很显然，该段说的是地震保险的主要保障内容。因而F 选项（地震保险主要包括哪些内容）与该段意思一致。
通过第五段第二句The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers, making potential payouts very expensive可以得出，该段主要是在讲地震保险运行中的一些问题，所以A项意思与原文表达一致。
通过文中第一段第二句In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earth-quake, people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies可以得出答案为E选项（insurance policies)。
文中第二段第二句：Indirect damage caused by neighboring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur．也会发生邻居房屋或高速公路倒塌对自家房屋造成的间接破坏。可以得出选项A比较合适。
文中第三段第三句：The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure, or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage．可以从文中找到出处，所以选项D正确。
通过文中第五段第二句Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully…可以推断出选项B。 -
第8题：
共用题干
Earthquake Insurance
1.Earthquake insurance is a form of homeowners' insurance which deals with damage caused by earthquakes.In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earthquake,people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies.As a general rule,earthquake insurance is not a part of standard insurance policies,and it must be purchased separately.
2.Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home,ranging from complete destruction to damage which causes the building to become structurally unsound.Indirect damage caused by neigh-boring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur,as can more bizarre forms of earthquake damage,like winding up with a car in the living room or a sinkhole in the back yard.Fires and flooding are also common problems in the wake of earthquakes.
3.When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance,they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage,like a fire caused by broken gas lines.More commonly,the insurance only covers structural damage caused directly by the earthquake.The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure,or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage.Some policies also cover damaged property like cars,and they may provide living allowances so that the residents of the home can temporarily relocate for the duration of the repairs.
4.This type of homeowners' insurance is prone to adverse selection,in which only people in high risk areas purchase the insurance.The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers,making potential payouts very expensive.For this reason, earthquake insurance often has a high deductible,and it can he very expensive.
5.Recognizing the need for earthquake insurance,some governments have provided subsidies for earthquake insurance,to reduce the stress on insurance companies.Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully,and there may be stringent requirements for a homeowner to purchase earthquake insurance.For example,a home may need to be retrofitted for earthquake safety, reducing the amount of damage which will be incurred in a quake.For low-income home owners, this can be very difficult,as it drives the cost of earthquake insurance out of reach,which can in turn make it difficult to get home loans,as many banks in earthquake-prone areas insist on earth-quake insurance as a condition for a loan.The insurance paid for earthquake depends on the type of insurance and______.
A:indirect damage
B:risk pools
C:government disaster funds
D:the nature of the damage
E:insurance policies
F: prices答案：D解析：第一段开宗明义，介绍地震保险是……实际上就是对地震保险下定义，很明显，就是要告诉读者什么是地震保险。所以选择D。
第二段第一句：Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home…意思是地震会给一个家庭带来各种破坏……显然是在讲地震带来的危害。B选项What damages can a earthquake cause（地震会带来什么危害）与该段表述一致。
该段第一句：When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance, they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage, like a fire caused by broken gas lines．当人们购买了地震保险之后，他们就可以规避在地震中受到的直接损失和间接损失。很显然，该段说的是地震保险的主要保障内容。因而F 选项（地震保险主要包括哪些内容）与该段意思一致。
通过第五段第二句The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers, making potential payouts very expensive可以得出，该段主要是在讲地震保险运行中的一些问题，所以A项意思与原文表达一致。
通过文中第一段第二句In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earth-quake, people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies可以得出答案为E选项（insurance policies)。
文中第二段第二句：Indirect damage caused by neighboring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur．也会发生邻居房屋或高速公路倒塌对自家房屋造成的间接破坏。可以得出选项A比较合适。
文中第三段第三句：The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure, or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage．可以从文中找到出处，所以选项D正确。
通过文中第五段第二句Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully…可以推断出选项B。 -
第9题：
构造地震（tectonic earthquake）
正确答案: 构造地震是一由构造运动，岩石受力发生变形而引起的地震。这种地震占所有地震总数的90%。 -
第10题：
单选题AWhy less people were killed in the earthquake in Los Angeles.
BChanges made to construction methods of buildings and highways.
CHow to make buildings more resistant to earthquake.
DThe outline of the history of the development of quake-resistant building materials.
正确答案： B解析：
[考点]主旨题。结合整篇文章可知，作者在论述防震建筑。
【听力原文】
After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: the damage and death toll could have been much worse. [37] More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.
Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highway. In addition, changes made to the construction methods in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, [39] making them more resistant to quakes.
Despite the good news, engineers today are determined to come up with [39] a new design that would offer even greater security to buildings during earthquakes. In the past, people used [38] steel and rubber, materials that bend without breaking to make buildings resistant to earthquakes. The new design would install computers in the building and the computers would help the buildings adjust itself during the earthquake. Such buildings would be called smart buildings and could be very expensive to build. However, [39] they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.
Questions 37 to 39 are based on the passage you have just heard.
37. How many people were killed in the earthquake in Los Angeles in 1994?
38. What did people use in the past to make buildings resistant to earthquakes?
39. What is the passage mainly about? -
第11题：
单选题Man’s research on earthquake forecast at present is to ______.Areduce the loss from earthquake disasters
Blower the frequency of earthquakes
Crelease the energy that causes earthquakes
Danalyze the relationship between different earthquakes
正确答案： A解析：
此题答案在文章最后一句话“man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur”，B、C、D项都是目前所做不到的，也没在文章中提到，所以A项正确。 -
第12题：
问答题Practice 1 How does an earthquake start? What makes an earthquake happen? The rock of the earth’s crust (地壳) may have a “fault”, a kind of break in the surface. The blocks which make up the earth move, and sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways (纵向地) against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force, a lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations (振动) and it is these vibrations that we feel as an earthquake. The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece. What to do during an earthquake? At school As soon as the earthquake starts, students should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. The teacher should, at the same time, go immediately to the teacher’s desk, get underneath (在……下面) it and stay there till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions. As soon as the tremors (震动) stop, all students should walk towards the exit and go straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park. They must wait there until the teacher tells them it is sale to go. At home If you are at home when the earthquake occurs, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find. You must not go anywhere near the window and don’t go out onto the balcony (阳台). Once the tremors have stopped, you can come out from under the table, but you must leave the building straight away. You should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift—there may be a power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for hours. In the street If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place, do not stand near buildings, fences or walls—move away as quickly as possible and try to find a large open space to wait in. Standing under trees could also be dangerous.正确答案：
【参考译文】
地震是怎样发生的?
是什么让地震发生的?地壳的岩石可能有断层,断层是地壳表面的一种断裂。岩石块会造成地球移动,有时这种移动可能会导致断层的两边相互上下移动或者纵向地移动。当一块岩石和另一块岩石之间摩擦力很大时,大量的能量就被消耗了。这种能量会转化成振动,这种含有巨大能量的振动也就是我们所说的地震。这种振动可以传播数千公里,所以土耳其若发生地震,希腊都有可能有震感。
在地震期间要做什么?
在学校
一有地震,学生应该马上藏在课桌下面,直到老师告知他们安全了才可以出来。同时,老师应该立即蹲在讲台底下,直到危险过去。学生千万不能与老师争辩或质疑老师的指令。
一旦震动停止,所有的学生应该马上走向出口,直接去学校操场或任何开阔的地方,如广场或公园。他们必须在那儿等,直到老师告诉他们已经安全了才可以离开。
在家里
如果地震发生时你在家,应立即躲到客厅或厨房的桌子下面。选择你可以找到的最大的、最牢固的桌子。你不能去任何靠近窗户的地方,也不要走到外面的阳台上。一旦震动停止,你可以从桌子底下出来,但是必须马上离开大楼。你应该走楼梯而不是使用电梯——由于地震电梯可能会停电,你可能会被困在电梯里好几个小时。
在街上
当地震发生时,如果你在街上,不要站在建筑物、栅栏或墙附近——应尽可能快地找到一个大而开阔的地方立身,并在那里等待。站在树下也会是十分危险的。解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
What is generally thought the main cause of deaths in Chile? ( )
A． Landslides
B． The tsunami
C． Aftershocks
D． The magnitude 9． 5 earthquake
正确答案：B
B [解析]通过最后一段的最后一句“However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami．”可知B项正确。 -
第14题：
After the terrible earthquake, hundreds of people were _________ (home).
正确答案：homeless
-
第15题：
Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A: damaged
B: shaken
C: fallen
D: jumped答案：A解析：句意：成百上千的建筑在这次地震中被破坏了。句中wreck意为“破坏”。A项意为“毁坏”;B项意为“动摇”;C项意为“落下”;D项意为“跳下”。因此只有A项符合题意。 -
第16题：
共用题干
第一篇
How to Do with Earthquake?
Ideally,people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will
be.In both Japan and China,people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.For example,the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake,hens' behavior changes一they refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot,even normally quiet dogs.Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan,there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. Certain birds,like pigeons,also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake.
Perhaps most interesting,and most easily measured,is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.
People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.After all,most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings.Therefore,building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.Steel seems to be the best material,but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.
Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint,an I-joint,which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also,to prevent property damage,architects now design buildings so that the building's columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength,and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.In addition,many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel.
Besides working to improve building structures,people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake.They should regularly check and reinforce their homes,place heavy objects in low positions,attach cupboards and cabinets to walls,and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.Which of the following will not possibly happen before earthquake?
A:Schools of fish swim near the surface of the water.
B:Birds seem to be especially noisy.
C:Snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death.
D:Dogs become quiet.答案：D解析：文章第一段告诉我们“中国人的传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号”。因此选项B是正确的。
文章第一段提到选项A、B、C，只有选项D表述不正确，因为地震前狗会大叫，即使平时安静的狗也一样。
文章第二段说“the amount of radon ( Rn ) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake"，单词wax的含义是“increase“，因此只有选项A是正确的。
文章第三段说“most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings"，因此人们关心建筑物的结构是否结实，以保证地震中人们的安全，所以只有选项B是正确的。
根据文章最后一段，我们知道选项B、D都不正确，而文章第四段告诉我们选项C应该是build strong walls and light roofs，因此C项也是错误的。最后一段第二句话告诉我们只有选项A的表述是正确的。 -
第17题：
Thousands of people perished in the earthquake.A:scattered
B:floated
C:suffered
D:died答案：D解析：本题考查的是对动词的认知。这句话的意思是：成千上万的人在地震中丧生了。perish的意思是丧生。A.scattered分散；B.floated漂浮；C.suffered受苦；D.died死亡。 perish与die意思最接近，所以选D。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Earthquake
How does an earthquake start?
What makes an earthquake happen? The rock of the earth's crust（地壳）may have a
"fault",a kind of break in the surface.The blocks which make up the earth move,and
sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways（纵向
地）against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force,a
lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations（振动）and it is these vibrations
that we feel as an earthquake.The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an
earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece.
What to do during an earthquake?
At school
As soon as the earthquake starts,students should get under the desks immediately and
wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out.The teacher should,at the same
time, go immediately to the teacher's desk, get underneath（在……下面）it and stay there
till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions.
As soon as the tremors（震动）stop, all students should walk towards the exit and go
straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park.They must
wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go.
At home
If you are at home when the earthquake occurs,get immediately under the table in the
living room or kitchen.Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find.You must not
go anywhere near the window and don't go out onto the balcony（阳台）.Once the tremors
have stopped,you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building
straight away.You should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift一there may be a
power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for
hours.
In the street
If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place,do not stand near buildings,
fences or walls一move away as quickly as possible and try to find a large open space to wait
in.Standing under trees could also be dangerous.Thousands of people were killed during an earthquake in Turkey.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析： -
第19题：
共用题干
Earthquake Insurance
1.Earthquake insurance is a form of homeowners' insurance which deals with damage caused by earthquakes.In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earthquake,people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies.As a general rule,earthquake insurance is not a part of standard insurance policies,and it must be purchased separately.
2.Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home,ranging from complete destruction to damage which causes the building to become structurally unsound.Indirect damage caused by neigh-boring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur,as can more bizarre forms of earthquake damage,like winding up with a car in the living room or a sinkhole in the back yard.Fires and flooding are also common problems in the wake of earthquakes.
3.When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance,they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage,like a fire caused by broken gas lines.More commonly,the insurance only covers structural damage caused directly by the earthquake.The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure,or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage.Some policies also cover damaged property like cars,and they may provide living allowances so that the residents of the home can temporarily relocate for the duration of the repairs.
4.This type of homeowners' insurance is prone to adverse selection,in which only people in high risk areas purchase the insurance.The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers,making potential payouts very expensive.For this reason, earthquake insurance often has a high deductible,and it can he very expensive.
5.Recognizing the need for earthquake insurance,some governments have provided subsidies for earthquake insurance,to reduce the stress on insurance companies.Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully,and there may be stringent requirements for a homeowner to purchase earthquake insurance.For example,a home may need to be retrofitted for earthquake safety, reducing the amount of damage which will be incurred in a quake.For low-income home owners, this can be very difficult,as it drives the cost of earthquake insurance out of reach,which can in turn make it difficult to get home loans,as many banks in earthquake-prone areas insist on earth-quake insurance as a condition for a loan.Earthquakes can cause a variety of direct damage and______.
A:indirect damage
B:risk pools
C:government disaster funds
D:the nature of the damage
E:insurance policies
F: prices答案：A解析：第一段开宗明义，介绍地震保险是……实际上就是对地震保险下定义，很明显，就是要告诉读者什么是地震保险。所以选择D。
第二段第一句：Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home…意思是地震会给一个家庭带来各种破坏……显然是在讲地震带来的危害。B选项What damages can a earthquake cause（地震会带来什么危害）与该段表述一致。
该段第一句：When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance, they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage, like a fire caused by broken gas lines．当人们购买了地震保险之后，他们就可以规避在地震中受到的直接损失和间接损失。很显然，该段说的是地震保险的主要保障内容。因而F 选项（地震保险主要包括哪些内容）与该段意思一致。
通过第五段第二句The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers, making potential payouts very expensive可以得出，该段主要是在讲地震保险运行中的一些问题，所以A项意思与原文表达一致。
通过文中第一段第二句In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earth-quake, people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies可以得出答案为E选项（insurance policies)。
文中第二段第二句：Indirect damage caused by neighboring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur．也会发生邻居房屋或高速公路倒塌对自家房屋造成的间接破坏。可以得出选项A比较合适。
文中第三段第三句：The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure, or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage．可以从文中找到出处，所以选项D正确。
通过文中第五段第二句Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully…可以推断出选项B。 -
第20题：
What could be the most appropriate title for the passage？( )A.Cyber Crime and Its Prevention
B.The Origin of Cyber Crime
C.How to Deal with Cyber Crime
D.The Definition of Cyber Crime答案：A解析：主旨题。本文第一、二段简要地描述了“网络空间”一词的起源并概述了互联网的发展，第三、四段主要讲述互联网的潜在风险，五至八段讲如何抵御风险。A项能较好地概括，其余三项都只描述了其中一个方面。因此A项作为文章标题更加恰当。故本题选A。参考译文：“网络空间”一词是由科幻作家威廉·吉布森提出的。1982年，他第一次在短篇小说中使用该词，几年后，在小说《神经漫游者》中，吉布森对其进行了扩展，小说的主角亨利·多塞特·凯斯是一名陷入困境的电脑黑客和吸毒者。吉布森在书中将网络空间描述为“数十亿合法运营商每天都在经历的交感的幻觉”，以及“从人类系统中每台计算机的数据库中提取的数据的图形展示”。事实证明，他的文学创作非常有先见之明。网络空间已经成为计算设备、网络、光纤电缆、无线连接和其他基础设施的象征，它们为全球数十亿人带来了互联网。这些技术形成的无数联系为所有每日使用网络来挖掘人类集体知识宝库的人带来了巨大好处。但是这项非凡的发明也有不好的一面。数据泄露变得越来越广泛，越来越普遍。去年，由于网络遭到攻击，超过8亿条记录丢失。最近最突出的受害者之一是美国大型零售商塔吉特百货，其首席执行官格雷戈·斯坦哈夫尔在披露黑客窃取了数百万客户的网络数据的几个月后，于5月辞职。这些数据包括信用卡和借记卡的详细信息。其他知名公司，如技术公司奥多比和在线市场易趣，也受到了冲击。然而，潜在的危害远不止这种商业入侵。美国国家安全局(NSA)承包商爱德华斯诺登(Edward Snowden)对西方情报机构大规模曝光监控录像，越来越多视网络空间为新战争领域的国家招募“互联网斗士”，引发了更广泛的担忧。保护网络空间是一件很难的事，因为互联网的架构是为了促进联通，而不是安全。发明互联网的人只考虑过可行性，并未考虑其可能受到的风险，因为它隶属美国军方。随着黑客的出现，人类从安装防毒软件到设置防火墙，想尽了办法试图阻止它们。总的来说，这些防御措施相当有效。尽管人们一直在谈论“网络9·11”风险，但事实证明，互联网具有很强的恢复力。数亿人每天打开电脑，进行网上交易，逛虚拟商店，在社交网络上与朋友交换八卦和照片，并在网上发送各种敏感数据，却不会产生不良影响。公司和政府正在转移越来越多的在线服务。但是任务变得越来越难了。涉及保护数据和人员的网络安全面临多重威胁，尤其是在网络犯罪和在线工业间谍活动方面。有很多方法可以让我们更加安全，一是确保组织获得网络安全的基础知识。很多情况往往是由简单的失误造成的，例如未能将包含敏感数据的系统与无需访问它们的系统分开。公司还需要更好地预测攻击可能来自哪里，并快速调整防御机制以应对新的威胁。技术也可以有所帮助，允许企业相互分享风险情报的行业举措也有所帮助。不仅如此，还需要采取激励措施加强网络安全。一种方法是鼓励互联网服务提供商或管理互联网连接的公司承担更多的责任来识别和帮助清理被恶意软件感染的计算机。另一种是找到方法，确保软件开发人员写出的代码缺陷更少，这样黑客可利用的安全漏洞就会更少。 -
第21题：
陷落地震（depression earthquake）
正确答案: 此类地震是由物体突然冲击地面而引起。如溶洞的塌陷、山崩、地滑都能引起，但影响范围很小。 -
第22题：
单选题The phrase “this element of the unknown” (Paragraph 3) refers to ______.Athe extension of earthquake zones
Bthe percentage of earthquake occurrences
Cwhen and where earthquakes may occur
Dwhat big damage earthquakes may cause
正确答案： C解析：
此题应该结合上下文来看，先提到“they may，however，happen anywhere at any time. ”，承接上文又说到现在已经可以对地震预测。所以这里说的不确定性也是指地震发生的时间和地点。A和B选项都不全面。故选c。 -
第23题：
问答题Read the passage carefully and answer questions 1 to 5. Answer each question in a maximum of 10 words. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of vibration. Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are initiated by the quake. There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest magnitude recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6. 0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from inhabited areas. The actual cause of the quake itself is the rupturing or breaking of rocks at or below the earth’s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift. In order to minimize the damage and to alleviate some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Two of the instruments presently in use to achieve this goal are seismographs and tiltmeters. The former records any shaking of the earth; by means of calculations seismologists can accurately indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. The latter, as the name suggests, is used to record any changes in the tilt of the land. Questions: 1．Write down one of the two earthquake prone areas. 2．What other disasters may occur after a serious earthquake? 3．What is the unit of measurement of earthquake? 4．What is the highest magnitude in the record? 5．What are the two instruments used today to predict earthquake?正确答案：
1.the narrow belt surrounding the Pacific Ocean / a line extending from Burma to the Alps in Europe 文章第一段第二句提到Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe.)
2.landslides, tsunamis or major fires 第一段最后一句提到由地震引发的滑坡、海啸或大火也会引发严重灾害。
3.Richter Scale 文章第二段提到地震强度是通过Richter Scale来测量的。Richter Scale里克特震级, 里氏震级。unit of measurement测量单位。
4.8.9 文章第二段提到The highest magnitude recorded to date is 8.9.)
5.seismographs and tiltmeters 文章最后一段提到现在能用来准确预测地震的仪器有地震计和倾角量测仪。seismograph地震计。tiltmeter倾角量测仪。解析： 暂无解析