Text 3The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their wo
题目
Text 3
The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines. Improve- meats were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were produced, Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power source for the farm.
In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of fanning. Be-tween 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many. features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the s0il to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop weeds; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others.
A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation On the farm. lathe United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees, gain and blend feed, and dry gain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray an exact row width, and to count out, Space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row.
Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa, Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture in parts of the tropics, but even today much of that land is laboriously worked by people leading draft animals pal- ling primitive plows.
The problems of mechanization in some areas are not 0nly cultural in nature. For examples, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are designed for, so adaptations have to be made. But the greatest obstacle to mechanization is the fear in underdeveloped countries that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere, Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning.
31. The first paragraph uses several examples to convey the ideas that______.
A) the introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions on the part of the farmers
B) the use of internal combustion engine as a chief power source for the farm produced great influence
C) the mechanization of agricultural work after 1850 gradually robbed many farmers of their work
D) ingenious improvements were made in fanning machines in the 1860s to yield production
相似考题
更多“Text 3The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their wo”相关问题
-
第1题：
The commodities were all inspected by the bureau before shipment.A:vehicles
B:cartons
C: goods
D: machines答案：C解析：本句意思：所有的商品在装船前都经过了检验局的检验。vehicle的意思为“交通工具， 车辆”; carton的意思为“纸板箱”;goods的意思为“货物”; machine的意思为“机器”。commodity 的意思为“货物，商品”，和goods的意思接近。 -
第2题：
The ( ) were carefully inspected before we issue the Phytosanitary Certificate.
A. animal products B. plant products
C. machines D. electronic toys答案：B解析： -
第3题：
We live in a moment packed with new possibilities,and we've never been better equipped to seize them.The problem is that many of us don't feel it.If this is the best time to be alive,it certainly hasn't becn the easiest.This upheaval has created winners:among owners ofcapital;among entrepreneurs who have grown into new markets;and among individuals whose skills,acumen or luck helps them to navigate this tangle.But it has also created losers:among pensioners and homeowners whose savings were destroyed by unforeseen financial risks;among workers whose jobs are now being done overseas by people escaping from poverty;among those whose jobs stayed onshore but are being replaced by machines;among farmers whose crops are failing because of climate change;among citizens in countries where a small elite are siphoning the benefits of global integration into offshore bank accounts.答案：解析：我们生活的当下充满新的可能性，我们也拥有前所未有的能力去把握这种可能性，问题是我们很多人并没有感受到它。如果说当下是最美好的时代，那一定还不是最轻松的时代。这场变革创造了成功者：有的是资本所有者；有的是开拓新市场的企业家；有的是技艺超群、机敏精干，或者好运加身的弄潮儿。但这场变革也产生了失败者：有的退休者和房主突遭金融风险，积蓄毁于一旦；有的人被国外脱贫者所取代，工作流出了国门；有的人的工作虽未流出国门，却被机器取而代之；有的农民因气候变化收成惨淡；有的人生活的国家，全球一体化的收益被少数精英收入囊中转至境外的银行账户。 -
第4题：
You work as an administrator at ABC.com.The ABC.com network consists of a single domain named ABC.com.All servers in the ABC.com domain， including domain controllers， have Windows Server 2012 R2 installed.The ABC.com network has a server named ABC_SR09 that hosts two virtual machines.How would you enable Network Load Balancing （NLB） on the virtual machines？（）
- A、You should configure Router Guard on the two virtual machines.
- B、You should configure Port Mirroring on the two virtual machines.
- C、You should add the Network Load Balancing feature on the two virtual machines.
- D、You should configure Integration Services on ABC_SR09.
- E、You should configure NIC Teaming on the two virtual machines.
- F、You should enable spoofing of MAC Address on the two virtual machines.
正确答案:C,F -
第5题：
A customer has 5 older POWER5 systems and they want to consolidate them onto a POWER6 system. What information is important to analyze when deciding how to design the new machine using the System Planning Tool?（）
- A、 vmstat and iostat data from the older machines
- B、 The number of CPUs that were installed in the original machines
- C、 Data from Workload Estimator (WLE) and IBM Performance Management (PM)
- D、 Performance data that is collected from the new system after it has been put into production
正确答案:C -
第6题：
A bank runs 50 workstations and would like to decrease its electricity costs， while not sacrificing functionality. All of the workstations are high-end performance units that are intended to be used for CAD-like applications. Analysts benefit from the added performance， but tellers and associates could use more minimalist systems. Which of the following methods would decrease the banks electricity and hardware costs？（）
- A、Swap all teller and associate machines with servers.
- B、Swap all teller and associate machines with thin clients.
- C、Swap all teller and associate machines with low-profile high-end workstations.
- D、Swap all teller and associate machines with laptops.
正确答案:B -
第7题：
单选题During the first half of the twentieth century, the average American household was _____ by the introduction of a group of machines that profoundly altered the daily lives of housewives.Atransformed
Btransferred
Ctransmitted
Dtransported
正确答案： B解析： -
第8题：
单选题A customer has 5 older POWER5 systems and they want to consolidate them onto a POWER6 system. What information is important to analyze when deciding how to design the new machine using the System Planning Tool?（）Avmstat and iostat data from the older machines
BThe number of CPUs that were installed in the original machines
CData from Workload Estimator (WLE) and IBM Performance Management (PM)
DPerformance data that is collected from the new system after it has been put into production
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析 -
第9题：
单选题For many years marine centrifuges were designed for （） operation, that is the machines were run for a period during which solids accumulated in the bowlThe machine was stopped when the accumulated solids began to impair its performance.Apurifying
Bbatch
Clong period
Dtemporary
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
问答题Practice 9 Generally, however, modern examinations are, written. (1) The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. (2) A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.正确答案：
(1) 笔试,即用同一问题来测试所有的学生的考试形式,可能直到l9世纪才为人所知。
(2) 在国家考试中坐满了考生的考场,就像满是工人的汽车制造厂,由电子钟精确计时,还有监考人员小心地监督。解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
单选题In the coming years, people will __________.Ahave more machines at their disposal
Bexperience starvation
Cnever work
Dhave fewer machines at their disposal
正确答案： B解析：
文中第一段提到“it is plain that in a few years everyone will have at his elbow several times more mechanical energy than he has today.”(很明显在一些年之后每个人都将会轻而易举地拥有比现在多出好几倍的机械能)，由此可见在未来的几年中人们将会有更多的机器供他们使用，故答案为A。 -
第12题：
单选题_____AInstall more machines.
BTest the machines.
CBuy more machines.
DSell the machines.
正确答案： C解析：
判断推理题。从选项可知，该题是有关将要对机器做什么的，根据关键词句“When will you start testing the machines?”可知，他们下一步要做的是测试工作。
【录音原文】
Jim: Hi, Alice, it’s Jim speaking.
Alice: Hi, Jim, what’s up?
Jim: I’ m calling about the machines. Have you installed them?
Alice: Yes, we finished installing them last week.
Jim: When will you start testing the machines?
Alice: Next Monday.
Jim: How long will it take?
Alice: About three weeks.
Jim: Good. Keep us informed.
Alice: We will. Bye.
Q6: When did they finish installing the machines?
Q7: What are they going to do next? -
第13题：
The commodities were all inspected by the bureau before shipment.A:vehicles
B:cartons
C:goods
D:machines答案：C解析：本句意思：所有的商品在装船前都经过了检验局的检验。commodity意思是“货物，商品”，与goods（货物）意思相近。vehicle交通工具，车辆；carton纸板箱；machine机器。 -
第14题：
Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”
Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?A.How to Innovate Our Work Practices?
B.Machines will Replace Human Labor
C.Can We Win the Race Against Machines?
D.Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations答案：C解析：主旨题【命题思路】这是一道主旨题，考查对文章的归纳总结，且正确选项应具有“宏观覆盖性”。【直击答案】综合各段大意可知，本文讨论的核心是“人机相争”这一现象。面对机器对人类岗位的吞噬，作者强调要改变我们的工作模式，注重在工作中发挥人的主动性与创造力，使机器帮助人。因此正确答案为选项C。【干扰排除】选项A出现在最后一段最后一句话。但该句仅指出了解决人机相争问题的方向，而文中并未涉及“究竟如何革新工作方式”的内容。文章首段提到了“某些工作被机器所淘汰”，但并不能推出选项B，且该选项与全文意思不合。选项D只是第一段提到的细节信息，不具有概括性。 -
第15题：
Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?
According to the first paragraph,economic downturns would____A.ease the competition of man vs.Machine
B.highlight machines'threat to human jobs
C.provoke a painful technological revolution
D.outmode our current economic structure答案：B解析：细节题【命题思路】这是一道细节题，重点考查对原文信息的理解以及因果关系的转换。【直击答案】根据题干中的关键词“first paragraph”和“economic downturn”可以回文定位到第一段第一句话。该句中的but属于句内转折，后半句是作者要强调的内容。该句指出“人们对这一现象感受最为深切的却是在经济滑坡和经济复苏敏感的时期”。选项B的表达与该句意思相符。其中“this phenomenon”指代前半句中的“man versus machine”，即选项B中的“machines’threat to human jobs”；而“highlight”是原文中“most acutely felt”的同义替换。【干扰排除】选项A中的“ease”与原文中的“most acutely felt”表述相反，故排除。选项C中的“painful”在原文中修饰的是“经济繁荣与萧条循环中的痛苦阶段”；且原文提及的是“industrial revolution”而非“technological revolution”，两者属于不同的概念。第一段第三句指出，机器淘汰了一些工作职位，而非选项D中的淘汰我们当前的经济结构，这属于张冠李戴。 -
第16题：
When a customer attempts to manage virtual machines, virtual images and system pools with the VMControl Express Edition, all operations fail except for managing virtual machines. What is recommended to resolve this situation?（）
- A、Upgrade to VMControl Standard Edition
- B、Upgrade to VMControl Enterprise Edition
- C、Upgrade to latest version of VMControl Express Edition
- D、Download the latest fixes for VMControl Express Edition
正确答案:B -
第17题：
When choosing a hostname， other machines will associate the name with（）。
- A、the IP address
- B、the MAC address
- C、inetd
- D、port 80
正确答案:A -
第18题：
问答题Passage 2 A land free from destruction, wealth, natural resources, and labor supply--all these were important 1 in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. 2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special", was men-- creative individuals who could invent machines, find new sources of power, and 4 business organizations to reshape the society. The men who created the machines of the Industrial Revolution 5 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 6 inventors than scientists. A man who is a pure scientist is primarily interested in doing his research accurately. He is not necessarily working 7 that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is usually trying to make something 8 has a concrete use. He tries to solve a problem by following the theories of science or by experimenting 9 trial and error. Regardless 10 his method, he is working to obtain a specific result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of many other objectives. Most of the people who developed the machines of the Industrial Revolution were 11 . A 12 were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training 13 science might have made their inventions, 14 a groundwork had been laid by scientists years 15 .正确答案： 1. factors 根据句意,没有破坏的土地、财富、自然资源和劳动力都是英国成为工业革命中心的重要因素。因此填入factors。
2. But 通过后面的not enough可知,空格处应该填入表示转折的But。注意首字母大写。
3. else 文章一开始就提到一系列因素,接着说这些因素还不够,由此可知,此处填入else,修饰something表示其他事物。
4. establish/found/start 空格部分需填入动词与business organizations搭配。
5. came/were 句意:工业革命中发明各种机器的人有着各种背景,从事各种职业。come from/ be from来自。注意此处需使用过去时态。
6. more more...than...后跟形容词、副词、动词、名词等,且more后部分和than后部分词类相同,表示“与其说……不如说、是……不是、是……更是、有……无……”等。
7. so so that表示结果。这里指科学家的工作不一定是要让他的发现能够被使用。
8. that 空格部分填入that引导定语从句修饰不定代词something。
9. through trial and error反复试验;不断摸索。这里填入through,意思为“通过,凭借”。
10. of regardless of不顾,不管。
11. inventors 通过上文介绍可知,发明家更倾向于发明实用的东西,而科学家的研究不一定能够被使用。因此该句应该填入inventors。
12. few 此处填入few。a few“一些”,与上一句中的most of the people形成对比。
13. in training in sth.关于……的培训。
14. because 逗号后面的句子为前面的句子的原因,因此填入because。
15. before 句意:甚至那些很少甚至没有接受科学培训的人也可能会发明东西,因为科学家数年前就已经奠定好了基础。years before数年前。解析： 暂无解析 -
第19题：
单选题When choosing a hostname， other machines will associate the name with（）。Athe IP address
Bthe MAC address
Cinetd
Dport 80
正确答案： C解析： 暂无解析 -
第20题：
单选题Some sick people think of themselves as broken machines, which suggested that ______.Amodem doctors should treat their patients as machines
Bthe level of the treatment was greatly improved
Cthey thought they were useless just like broken machines
Dthey were not satisfied with the manner in which doctors treated them
正确答案： C解析：
推理判断题。由文章第二段可知，一些病人认为自己是破损的机器是因为医生与他们的交流少了，即他们不满意医生现在对待他们的方式。 -
第21题：
单选题It can be inferred from the passage that ______.Amost movie theaters had a pianist, a hand or an orchestra
Bsound-effects machines were common because they were more effective
Cfull-scale orchestras could effectively synchronize sound with pictures
Dgramophones came into being about the same time as moving pictures did
正确答案： A解析：
首段第三句提到电影最早于1896开始公开播放，而该段倒数第三句指出早在1896年，新发明的gramophone（留声机）就被作为音响系统使用，可知留声机和电影几乎同时出现。D项中的moving pictures指的就是电影，因此该项正确。 -
第22题：
单选题New machines are often more economical than old machines.ARight.
BWrong.
CDoesn’t say.
正确答案： A解析：
文中最后一段“…modern machinery… uses less power”，故本题所说的“新机器比旧机器省钱”是正确的。 -
第23题：
单选题The machines are made _____ at full speed.Awork
Bworking
Cto work
Dto be worked
正确答案： B解析：
句意：机器全速运转。使役动词make在主动语态中要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补，make sb. do sth.，但在被动语态中，一定要带to。根据句意“机器被使得全速工作”是被动语态，故为C。