Text 4 The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide canrry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,

题目

Text 4 The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide canrry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.

Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."

George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery, "he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."

On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.

Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.

The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.

Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, " to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

第56题：From the first three paragraphs, we learn that

A doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients'pain.

B it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.

C the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.

D patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.

相似考题

1.根据下列材料，请回答 1～20 题：The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot_____ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law______ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_____ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be____ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _____ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_______ to the code of conduct that ______to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other cases ______the question of whether there is still a _____ between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law____ having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions ____ they would be free to ____those in power and have no need to_____ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _____.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social ______like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _____is inescapably political — which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _____ as unjust.The justices must _____doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _____to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _____, convincing as law.第 1 题 请在（1）处填上最佳答案。A emphasizeB maintainC modifyD recognize

2.共用题干 第二篇Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medi- cine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control termi-nally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to con- trol their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the pa- tient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides be- cause the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.Itidentifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse."He says medical li- censing boards"must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently man- aged and should result in license suspension."According to the NAS's report,one of the problems in end-of-life care is________.A:prolonged medical proceduresB:inadequate treatment of painC:systematic drug abuseD:insufficient hospital care

3.共用题干 第二篇Double EffectThe Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medi- cine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control termi-nally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to con- trol their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the pa- tient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides be- cause the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.Itidentifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse."He says medical li- censing boards"must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently man- aged and should result in license suspension."Which of the following best defines the word"aggressive"(line 3,paragraph 7)?A:Bold.B:Harmful.C:Careless.D:Desperate.

4.The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently.The court cannot_1_its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law_2_justices behave like politicians.Yet,in several instances,justices acted in ways that_3_the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia,for example,appeared at political events.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be_4_as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not_5_by an ethics code.At the very least,the court should make itself_6_to the code of conduct that_7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases_8_the question of whether there is still a_9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_10_having authority apart from politics.They gave justices permanent positions_11_they would be free to_12_those in power and have no need to_13_political support.Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely_14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social_15_like liberty and property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it_16_is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily_17_as unjust.The justices must_18_doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves_19_to the code of conduct.That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_20_,convincing as law.A.dismissed B.released C.ranked D.distorted

参考答案和解析
正确答案：B
更多“Text 4 The Supreme Court's decisions on physician－assisted suicide canrry important implic ”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    共用题干
    Double Effect
    The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
    George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
    On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
    Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

    According to the NAS's report,one of the problems in end-of-life care is______.
    A:prolonged medical procedures
    B:inadequate treatment of pain
    C:systematic drug abuse
    D:insufficient hospital care

    答案：B
    解析：
    文章第一段说：最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对如何使用药物来减轻晚期病人的痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说：尽管宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权力，法院实际上支持率医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段说：医生们正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期( terminally ill）病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终致使病人死亡。由此从第二段可推断出，B项“医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的”为正确答案。其他三项均与文意不符。
    文章第二段说：法院实际上支持医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说：医疗界正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终导致病人死亡。由此可知，法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。其他三项均与文意不符。
    第七段中提到“NAS的报告指出了对临终病人的护理存在着两个问题：一是治疗病痛不力（under-treatment of pain)，二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用（the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)"。据此可知，B项内容正确。
    aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的，好斗的；攻击性的，侵略的；有闯劲的，大胆的”，根据上下文，aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”，所以选A0
    在文章最后一段中，Annas指出：许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心，甚至到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度，并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果，那就应该吊销他们的行医执照。D项“延长病人不必要的痛苦”为正确答案，因为Annas认为吊销医生执照的前提是导致病人痛苦地死亡。

  • 第2题：

    共用题干
    Double Effect
    The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
    George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
    On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
    Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

    From the first three paragraphs,we learn that______.
    A:doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients'pain
    B:it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives
    C:the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
    D:patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide

    答案：B
    解析：
    文章第一段说：最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对如何使用药物来减轻晚期病人的痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说：尽管宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权力，法院实际上支持率医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段说：医生们正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期( terminally ill）病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终致使病人死亡。由此从第二段可推断出，B项“医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的”为正确答案。其他三项均与文意不符。
    文章第二段说：法院实际上支持医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说：医疗界正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终导致病人死亡。由此可知，法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。其他三项均与文意不符。
    第七段中提到“NAS的报告指出了对临终病人的护理存在着两个问题：一是治疗病痛不力（under-treatment of pain)，二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用（the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)"。据此可知，B项内容正确。
    aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的，好斗的；攻击性的，侵略的；有闯劲的，大胆的”，根据上下文，aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”，所以选A0
    在文章最后一段中，Annas指出：许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心，甚至到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度，并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果，那就应该吊销他们的行医执照。D项“延长病人不必要的痛苦”为正确答案，因为Annas认为吊销医生执照的前提是导致病人痛苦地死亡。

  • 第3题：

    共用题干
    第二篇

    Double Effect

    The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medi-
    cine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect
    supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action
    having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor
    intends only the good effect.
    Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control termi-
    nally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors
    who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to con-
    trol their pain if that might hasten death."
    George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,as long as a
    doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the pa-
    tient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides be-
    cause the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician,
    you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
    On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has
    been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of
    dying.
    Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of
    Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It
    identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures
    that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The
    profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain
    management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new
    standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
    Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate
    into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly
    and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse."He says medical li-
    censing boards"must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently man-
    aged and should result in license suspension."

    Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
    A:Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death.
    B:Modem medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.
    C:The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication should be prescribed.
    D:A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.

    答案：C
    解析：
    文章第一段说：最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对如何使用药物来减轻病人的 痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说：尽管宪法没有赋予医生去帮助病人自杀的权力，法院实际支 持率医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段说：医生们正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期（termi- nally ill)病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终致使病人于死亡。由此从第二段 可推断出，B项：医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的，为正确答案。A项：医生过去常用增加剂量 的方法来控制病人的痛苦，与第三段内容不符。C项：最高法院强烈反对医生帮助病人自杀， 和D项：宪法没有赋予病人自杀的权力，都与文章内容不符。故选B。
    文章第二段第一句说：法庭实际上认可了医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说，医疗界 正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终致 使病人于死地。由此可知，法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。 A项：如果医生冒使病人致死的危险，将被认定有罪，与文章内容不符。B项：现代医学已经帮 助晚期病人无痛康复，文中未提。D项：医生用药再也不会因为他的用药意图而被认为合理正 当了，与文章内容不符。故选C。
    由第七段中提到的“NAS的报告指出了医生临终护理存在着两个问题：一是治痛不力 (under-treatment of pain)，二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用（the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)"，可知B项：对病痛治疗不力正确。
    aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的，好斗的；攻击性的，侵略的；有闯劲的，大胆的”，根据 上下文，aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”，所以选A。
    在文章最后一段中，Annas指出：许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心，甚至 到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度，并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果， 那就应吊销他们的行医执照。D项：延长病人不必要的痛苦为正确答案，因为Annas认为吊销 医生执照的前提是病人痛苦地死亡。.

  • 第4题：

    共用题干
    Physician-assisted Suicide

    1.The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications forhow medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    2.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect,"a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    3.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high dose of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    4.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.
    5.George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothingillegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't callthose deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend theirsuicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    6.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care atthe End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
    7. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices（临终关怀医院）, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives trans-late into better care.

    According to the NAS,one of the problems in end-of-life care is________.
    A:help the dying end their lives
    B:can be prescribed
    C:the needless suffering of the patients
    D:the helplessness of the patients
    E:inadequate treatment of pain
    F: prescribe a drug

    答案：E
    解析：
    本段的第一句decisions on physician-assisted suicide即是主题句，法庭对医生辅助自杀所做的决定。答案为C。
    第二段中间讲到the medical principle of " double effect"，医助自杀的双重效应：有益的和有害的两个方面，这也是本段的主要内容，所以选F。
    第三段提到了一个实例，借此说明医助自杀带来的双重效果，医生使用高剂量的吗啡控制在帮助晚期病人减轻痛苦的同时，过高的剂量又会导致病人丧命。所以选项 A正确。
    本段谈到了该原则对医生的保护，这些医生认为既然药物会加速病人的死亡，他们就不能给病人开足量的药物来减轻他们的痛苦，故选D。
    法庭裁定，医生开出的高剂量的镇痛药只要是出于正当的医疗目的就是合法的（for a legitimate medical purpose)，可以推断医生能够开处方。所以选择B。
    第六段提到了NAS的两卷报告，提到Improving Care at the End of Life（改进临终关怀服务），即under-treatment of pain，可以看出临终服务的问题之一是对病痛医治的不足，故选E。
    第六段中间的另外一个问题是the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying"。对于这个l'q题，医生应该受到惩罚，故应选选择C。
    第二段第一句指出there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide，即医生帮助病人自杀是违法的，故选A。

  • 第5题：

    共用题干
    Physician-assisted Suicide

    1.The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications forhow medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    2.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect,"a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    3.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high dose of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    4.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.
    5.George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothingillegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't callthose deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend theirsuicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    6.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care atthe End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
    7. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices（临终关怀医院）, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives trans-late into better care.

    Paragraph 4________
    A:Doctors' Practice of the Principle
    B:The Effects of Modern Medicine to Their Illness
    C:The Decision of Physician-assisted Suicide
    D:Protection of the Doctors
    E:Constitutional Support for Physician-assisted Suicide
    F:The Double-effect Principle

    答案：D
    解析：
    本段的第一句decisions on physician-assisted suicide即是主题句，法庭对医生辅助自杀所做的决定。答案为C。
    第二段中间讲到the medical principle of " double effect"，医助自杀的双重效应：有益的和有害的两个方面，这也是本段的主要内容，所以选F。
    第三段提到了一个实例，借此说明医助自杀带来的双重效果，医生使用高剂量的吗啡控制在帮助晚期病人减轻痛苦的同时，过高的剂量又会导致病人丧命。所以选项 A正确。
    本段谈到了该原则对医生的保护，这些医生认为既然药物会加速病人的死亡，他们就不能给病人开足量的药物来减轻他们的痛苦，故选D。
    法庭裁定，医生开出的高剂量的镇痛药只要是出于正当的医疗目的就是合法的（for a legitimate medical purpose)，可以推断医生能够开处方。所以选择B。
    第六段提到了NAS的两卷报告，提到Improving Care at the End of Life（改进临终关怀服务），即under-treatment of pain，可以看出临终服务的问题之一是对病痛医治的不足，故选E。
    第六段中间的另外一个问题是the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying"。对于这个l'q题，医生应该受到惩罚，故应选选择C。
    第二段第一句指出there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide，即医生帮助病人自杀是违法的，故选A。

  • 第6题：

    The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in（）

    Aall kinds of cases

    Btwo kinds of cases

    Ccases involving foreign citizens

    Dcases involving a state


    B
    略

  • 第7题：

    In Ireland（）is the court of final appeal and plays a key role in the interpretation of the Constitution.

    Athe Supreme Court

    Bthe High Court

    Cthe Highest Court

    Dthe Central Court


    A
    略

  • 第8题：

    In Ireland（）is the court of final appeal and plays a key role in the interpretation of the Constitution.

    • A、the Supreme Court
    • B、the High Court
    • C、the Highest Court
    • D、the Central Court

    正确答案:A

  • 第9题：

    单选题
    _____ has the power to impeach the President of the United States when he abuses his power.
    A

    The Senate

    B

    The Justice of the Supreme Court

    C

    The Congress

    D

    The Supreme Court


    正确答案： D
    解析：
    国会有权弹劾总统。

  • 第10题：

    单选题
    America’s sodomy laws were struck down by the Supreme Court in ______.
    A

    1986

    B

    1996

    C

    2002

    D

    2003


    正确答案： D
    解析：
    从录音中提到的“In 2003 the Supreme Court struck down America’s sodomy laws”，可知最高法院是在2003年取消了美国的sodomy laws。

  • 第11题：

    单选题
    In Ireland（）is the court of final appeal and plays a key role in the interpretation of the Constitution.
    A

    the Supreme Court

    B

    the High Court

    C

    the Highest Court

    D

    the Central Court


    正确答案： D
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第12题：

    单选题
    The real power of the House of Lords lies in _____.
    A

    helping to pass Money Bills

    B

    delaying bills

    C

    discussing bills

    D

    being Supreme Court


    正确答案： D
    解析：
    上议院必须通过所有由下议院呈交的财政法案；由下议院通过的其他法案最多可于上议院搁置一年；最高法院已取代上议院拥有最高司法权；上议院拥有对财政法案的讨论权，选项C正确。

  • 第13题：

    共用题干
    Double Effect
    The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
    George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
    On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
    Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

    Which of the following best defines the word"aggressive"(Line 3,Para.7)?
    A:Bold.
    B:Harmful.
    C:Careless.
    D:Desperate.

    答案：A
    解析：
    文章第一段说：最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对如何使用药物来减轻晚期病人的痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说：尽管宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权力，法院实际上支持率医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段说：医生们正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期( terminally ill）病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终致使病人死亡。由此从第二段可推断出，B项“医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的”为正确答案。其他三项均与文意不符。
    文章第二段说：法院实际上支持医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说：医疗界正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终导致病人死亡。由此可知，法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。其他三项均与文意不符。
    第七段中提到“NAS的报告指出了对临终病人的护理存在着两个问题：一是治疗病痛不力（under-treatment of pain)，二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用（the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)"。据此可知，B项内容正确。
    aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的，好斗的；攻击性的，侵略的；有闯劲的，大胆的”，根据上下文，aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”，所以选A0
    在文章最后一段中，Annas指出：许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心，甚至到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度，并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果，那就应该吊销他们的行医执照。D项“延长病人不必要的痛苦”为正确答案，因为Annas认为吊销医生执照的前提是导致病人痛苦地死亡。

  • 第14题：

    共用题干
    Double Effect
    The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
    George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
    On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
    Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

    Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
    A:Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients'death.
    B:Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.
    C:The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication should be prescribed.
    D:A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.

    答案：C
    解析：
    文章第一段说：最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对如何使用药物来减轻晚期病人的痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说：尽管宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权力，法院实际上支持率医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段说：医生们正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期( terminally ill）病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终致使病人死亡。由此从第二段可推断出，B项“医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的”为正确答案。其他三项均与文意不符。
    文章第二段说：法院实际上支持医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说：医疗界正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终导致病人死亡。由此可知，法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。其他三项均与文意不符。
    第七段中提到“NAS的报告指出了对临终病人的护理存在着两个问题：一是治疗病痛不力（under-treatment of pain)，二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用（the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)"。据此可知，B项内容正确。
    aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的，好斗的；攻击性的，侵略的；有闯劲的，大胆的”，根据上下文，aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”，所以选A0
    在文章最后一段中，Annas指出：许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心，甚至到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度，并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果，那就应该吊销他们的行医执照。D项“延长病人不必要的痛苦”为正确答案，因为Annas认为吊销医生执照的前提是导致病人痛苦地死亡。

  • 第15题：

    共用题干
    第二篇

    Double Effect

    The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medi-
    cine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect
    supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action
    having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor
    intends only the good effect.
    Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control termi-
    nally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors
    who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to con-
    trol their pain if that might hasten death."
    George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,as long as a
    doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the pa-
    tient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides be-
    cause the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician,
    you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
    On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has
    been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of
    dying.
    Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of
    Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It
    identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures
    that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The
    profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain
    management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new
    standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
    Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate
    into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly
    and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse."He says medical li-
    censing boards"must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently man-
    aged and should result in license suspension."

    From the first three paragraphs,we learn that________.
    A:doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain
    B:it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives
    C:the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
    D:patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide

    答案：B
    解析：
    文章第一段说：最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对如何使用药物来减轻病人的 痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说：尽管宪法没有赋予医生去帮助病人自杀的权力，法院实际支 持率医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段说：医生们正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期（termi- nally ill)病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终致使病人于死亡。由此从第二段 可推断出，B项：医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的，为正确答案。A项：医生过去常用增加剂量 的方法来控制病人的痛苦，与第三段内容不符。C项：最高法院强烈反对医生帮助病人自杀， 和D项：宪法没有赋予病人自杀的权力，都与文章内容不符。故选B。
    文章第二段第一句说：法庭实际上认可了医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说，医疗界 正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终致 使病人于死地。由此可知，法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。 A项：如果医生冒使病人致死的危险，将被认定有罪，与文章内容不符。B项：现代医学已经帮 助晚期病人无痛康复，文中未提。D项：医生用药再也不会因为他的用药意图而被认为合理正 当了，与文章内容不符。故选C。
    由第七段中提到的“NAS的报告指出了医生临终护理存在着两个问题：一是治痛不力 (under-treatment of pain)，二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用（the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)"，可知B项：对病痛治疗不力正确。
    aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的，好斗的；攻击性的，侵略的；有闯劲的，大胆的”，根据 上下文，aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”，所以选A。
    在文章最后一段中，Annas指出：许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心，甚至 到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度，并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果， 那就应吊销他们的行医执照。D项：延长病人不必要的痛苦为正确答案，因为Annas认为吊销 医生执照的前提是病人痛苦地死亡。.

  • 第16题：

    共用题干
    Physician-assisted Suicide

    1.The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications forhow medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    2.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect,"a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    3.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high dose of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    4.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.
    5.George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothingillegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't callthose deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend theirsuicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    6.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care atthe End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
    7. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices（临终关怀医院）, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives trans-late into better care.

    Paragraph 2________
    A:Doctors' Practice of the Principle
    B:The Effects of Modern Medicine to Their Illness
    C:The Decision of Physician-assisted Suicide
    D:Protection of the Doctors
    E:Constitutional Support for Physician-assisted Suicide
    F:The Double-effect Principle

    答案：F
    解析：
    本段的第一句decisions on physician-assisted suicide即是主题句，法庭对医生辅助自杀所做的决定。答案为C。
    第二段中间讲到the medical principle of " double effect"，医助自杀的双重效应：有益的和有害的两个方面，这也是本段的主要内容，所以选F。
    第三段提到了一个实例，借此说明医助自杀带来的双重效果，医生使用高剂量的吗啡控制在帮助晚期病人减轻痛苦的同时，过高的剂量又会导致病人丧命。所以选项 A正确。
    本段谈到了该原则对医生的保护，这些医生认为既然药物会加速病人的死亡，他们就不能给病人开足量的药物来减轻他们的痛苦，故选D。
    法庭裁定，医生开出的高剂量的镇痛药只要是出于正当的医疗目的就是合法的（for a legitimate medical purpose)，可以推断医生能够开处方。所以选择B。
    第六段提到了NAS的两卷报告，提到Improving Care at the End of Life（改进临终关怀服务），即under-treatment of pain，可以看出临终服务的问题之一是对病痛医治的不足，故选E。
    第六段中间的另外一个问题是the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying"。对于这个l'q题，医生应该受到惩罚，故应选选择C。
    第二段第一句指出there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide，即医生帮助病人自杀是违法的，故选A。

  • 第17题：

    共用题干
    Physician-assisted Suicide

    1.The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications forhow medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    2.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect,"a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects一a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen一is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    3.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high dose of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
    4.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.
    5.George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothingillegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't callthose deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend theirsuicide."On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    6.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care atthe End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
    7. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices（临终关怀医院）, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives trans-late into better care.

    The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication________.
    A:help the dying end their lives
    B:can be prescribed
    C:the needless suffering of the patients
    D:the helplessness of the patients
    E:inadequate treatment of pain
    F: prescribe a drug

    答案：B
    解析：
    本段的第一句decisions on physician-assisted suicide即是主题句，法庭对医生辅助自杀所做的决定。答案为C。
    第二段中间讲到the medical principle of " double effect"，医助自杀的双重效应：有益的和有害的两个方面，这也是本段的主要内容，所以选F。
    第三段提到了一个实例，借此说明医助自杀带来的双重效果，医生使用高剂量的吗啡控制在帮助晚期病人减轻痛苦的同时，过高的剂量又会导致病人丧命。所以选项 A正确。
    本段谈到了该原则对医生的保护，这些医生认为既然药物会加速病人的死亡，他们就不能给病人开足量的药物来减轻他们的痛苦，故选D。
    法庭裁定，医生开出的高剂量的镇痛药只要是出于正当的医疗目的就是合法的（for a legitimate medical purpose)，可以推断医生能够开处方。所以选择B。
    第六段提到了NAS的两卷报告，提到Improving Care at the End of Life（改进临终关怀服务），即under-treatment of pain，可以看出临终服务的问题之一是对病痛医治的不足，故选E。
    第六段中间的另外一个问题是the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying"。对于这个l'q题，医生应该受到惩罚，故应选选择C。
    第二段第一句指出there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide，即医生帮助病人自杀是违法的，故选A。

  • 第18题：

    The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court（）

    Ahas much greater power than other justices of the Supreme Court

    Bhas no greater voting power than other justices of the Supreme Court

    Chas greater say in deciding a case

    Dhas greater voting power than other justices of the Supreme Court


    B
    略

  • 第19题：

    The federal judicial system consists of （）

    Aone supreme court,11 courts of appeals and 91 district courts

    Bone supreme court,11 courts of appeals,89 district courts,3 courts of special jurisdiction

    Cone supreme court,11 courts of appeals,91 district courts,3 courts of special jurisdiction

    Done supreme court,11 courts of appeals,91 district courts,2 courts for the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico


    C
    略

  • 第20题：

    单选题
    From the first three paragraphs, we learn that ______.
    A

    doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’ pain

    B

    it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives

    C

    the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide

    D

    patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide


    正确答案： D
    解析：
    细节题。文章第二段首句提到，尽管目前宪法没有赋予医生协助病人自杀的权利，但是法院实际上支持“双重效果”这一原则。据此可推出医生帮助病人结束生命是违法的。所以B项正确，C项错误。第三段第一句指出“Doctors have used that principle in recent years…”近几年来，医生们一直在利用这一原则…，根据文中的“have used”这一现在完成时形式可知现在的医生仍然这么做，而不只是过去的医生才这么做。故排除A。

  • 第21题：

    单选题
    The federal judicial system consists of （）
    A

    one supreme court,11 courts of appeals and 91 district courts

    B

    one supreme court,11 courts of appeals,89 district courts,3 courts of special jurisdiction

    C

    one supreme court,11 courts of appeals,91 district courts,3 courts of special jurisdiction

    D

    one supreme court,11 courts of appeals,91 district courts,2 courts for the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico


    正确答案： C
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第22题：

    单选题
    The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court（）
    A

    has much greater power than other justices of the Supreme Court

    B

    has no greater voting power than other justices of the Supreme Court

    C

    has greater say in deciding a case

    D

    has greater voting power than other justices of the Supreme Court


    正确答案： B
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第23题：

    单选题
    The first state court to rule that gays had a constitutional right to wed was ______.
    A

    the Maryland’s Supreme Court

    B

    the Massachusetts’ Supreme Court

    C

    the New Mexico’s Supreme Court

    D

    the New Jersey’s Supreme Court


    正确答案： C
    解析：
    录音中提到“…the Massachusetts’ Supreme Court became the first state court to rule that gays had a constitutional right to wed”，可知第一个宣布同性恋者有权结婚的州法院是马萨诸塞州的最高法院。

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