Text 2 One meaning of the Greek word “dran” is to accomplish, and in this meaning lies a further key to the structure of drama. A play concerns a human agent attempting to accomplish some purpose. In tragedy his attempt is, in personal terms at least, uns
题目
Text 2 One meaning of the Greek word “dran” is to accomplish, and in this meaning lies a further key to the structure of drama. A play concerns a human agent attempting to accomplish some purpose. In tragedy his attempt is, in personal terms at least, unsuccessful; in comedy it is successful; in the problem play final accomplishment is often either ambiguous or doubtful.
This action, from the beginning to the end of a movement toward a purposed goal, must also have a middle; it must proceed through a number of steps, the succession of incidents which make up the plot. Because the dramatist is concerned with the meaning and logic of events rather than with their casual relationship in time, he will probably select his material and order it on a basis of the operation, in human affairs, of laws of cause and effect. It is in this causal relationship of incidents that the element of conflict, present in virtually all plays, appears.
The central figure of the play—the protagonist—encounters difficulties; his purpose or purposes conflict with events or circumstances, with purposes of other characters in the play, or with cross-purposes which exist within his own thoughts and desires. These difficulties threaten the protagonist’s accomplishment; in other words, they present complications, and his success or failure in dealing with these complications determines the outcome. Normally, complications build through the play in order of increasing difficulty; one complication may be added to another, or one may grow out of the solution of a preceding one. At some point in this chain of complication and solution, achieved or attempted, the protagonist performs an act or makes a decision which irrevocably commits him to a further course, points toward certain general consequences. This point is usually called the crisis; the complications and solutions which follow work out the logical steps from crisis to final resolution, or denouement.
第26题：According to the first paragraph of the text, a dramatist________.
［A］ seldom believes what he writes about
［B］ portrays what he experiences in the drama
［C］ concerns himself with the results of human effort
［D］ tries to convince his audience of what he believes
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第1题：
Which of the following statements is NOT true? ()A、 Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.
B、 Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.
C、 Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.
D、 Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.
参考答案：C
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第2题：
When a word changes from a specific to a general meaning, it goes through extension of meaning.( )此题为判断题(对，错)。
正确答案：正确
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第3题：
The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action.()
参考答案：正确
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第4题：
____________refers to those words that we use to label things as regards real objects, such as a name or a sign, etc, in the physical world.A、A connotative meaning of a word
B、A cognitive meaning of a word
C、Denotative meaning of a word or a lexical item
D、Collocations
参考答案：C
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第5题：
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "ambient" in Paragraph 2?A.Surrounding
B.Familiar
C.Foreign
D.Local答案：A解析：词义题。根据画线词定位到第二段。该段描述了婴儿在子宫中听到的声音是来自于周围的语言。另外文章倒数第二段中也提到了“Newborns ‘not only have memorized…of their respective surroundinglanguage…”。所以“ambient”与“surrounding”的意思接近，本题选A。familiar“熟悉的”，foreign“ 外国的”，local“当地的”。 -
第6题：
The word"offend" originally meant"to strike against", but now the word signifies "to create or excite anger". This is an example of__________.A．meaning shift
B．broadening of meaning
C．narrowing of meaning
D．loss of meaning答案：B解析：考查语义变化。语义变化有多种：词义扩大(widening ofmeaning)、词义缩小(narrowing ofmeaning)和词义转移(meaning shift)。“0ffend”在古代的意思是“击打”，现在的意思是“冒犯，惹怒”，因此是词义的扩大。 -
第7题：
Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannot be dissected into meaning components, called semantic feature.
A对
B错
错
略 -
第8题：
单选题In paragraph 2, the underlined word “envisaged” is closest in meaning to ______.Aundertaken
Bconceived
Ccompleted
Dimplicated
正确答案： C解析：
envisaged出现在第二段首句，该句指出除众多需解决的政治和社会问题，工程任务也是十分巨大，envisaged作后置定语修饰engineering task，而这项工程任务尚未开展，只是在构想阶段，可推测envisaged与conceived表达意思相近。envisage想象；面对。 -
第9题：
单选题The word “aggravate” (para 2) is closest in meaning to “ ______”.Amake clear
Bencounter
Csettle
Dmake serious
正确答案： D解析：
aggravate出现在第二段第二句，该句指出每一个人都有可能会aggravate the problem of rapid growth，就像每个人都可仅仅是通过迁移改变人口分布一样，aggravate意为“加重，使恶化”，因此与D项表达意思相符。 -
第10题：
单选题When a reader tries to guess the meaning of a new word based on the contextual clue, which one of the following approaches is he using? _____ABottom-up Approach
BTop-down Approach
CInteractive Approach
DSituational Approach
正确答案： C解析：
Top-down Approach意为“从上而下的方法”，即根据前后文来推断意思。 -
第11题：
单选题The word “forward” in paragraph 3, line 2 of the email is closest in meaning to ______.Aadvance
Bsend
Creceive
Dreturn
正确答案： A解析：
句子表示“请寄限时专递”，因此forward意为“发送，传达”，与其意思最接近的是send，故选B。 -
第12题：
单选题_____ refers to relations of meaning that exist within the text, and that define it as a text.AAgreement
BCohesion
CRecursiveness
DEmbedding
正确答案： C解析：
本题考查衔接的定义。衔接机制又叫做衔接手段，指把话语的前后部分联系起来的语言成分，而所谓衔接就是指语义联系，把几个句子在语义上联系起来。 -
第13题：
The process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a specialized sense is called ___ of meaning.参考答案：Prefixation
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第14题：
In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word.( )此题为判断题(对，错)。
正确答案：正确
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第15题：
Polysemy is concerned with words of more than one meaning.()
参考答案：正确
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第16题：
1．I found _________ really difficult for me to guess the meaning of the word．
A．this
B．it
C．that
D．one
正确答案：B
1．B【解析】it在此作形式宾语。其余三个代词均不可作形式宾语。 -
第17题：
The correct meaning of a lexical item in a given context is__________A．the one provided in a dictionary
B．the one which best fits the context
C．the central or core meaning of the item
D．the one which is assumed to be correct答案：B解析： -
第18题：
The word holiday originally meant holy day; but now the word signifies any day which we don't have to work． This is an example of__________．A.meaning shift
B.widening of meaning
C.narrowing of meaning
D.loss of meaning答案：B解析：考查词汇学知识。从最初的“holy day”到现在的“any day which we don’t have to work”就可以知道此处为widening of meaning。 -
第19题：
Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannot be dissected into meaning components, called semantic feature.
正确答案:错误 -
第20题：
单选题The word “compatible” in paragraph 2, line 2 of the email is closest in meaning to ______.Aworthy
Bsuitable
Cdurable
Dintense
正确答案： D解析：
句子表示“户外用品适合于不拘小节的生活方式”，故此处compatible意为“符合，协调”。与其意思最接近的是suitable，故选B。 -
第21题：
判断题Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannot be dissected into meaning components, called semantic feature.A对
B错
正确答案： 错解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题The correct meaning of a lexical item in a given context is _____.Athe one provided in a dictionary
Bthe one which best fits the context
Cthe central or core meaning of the item
Dthe one which is assumed to he correct
正确答案： C解析： -
第23题：
单选题A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word in meaning from another in a given language is a______ .Aphone
Bphoneme
Callophone
Dallomorph
正确答案： C解析：