Text 4 Humor, which ought to give rise to only the most light-hearted and ** feelings, can often stir up vehemence and animosity. Evidently it is dearer to us than we realize. Men will take almost any kind of criticism except the observation that they hav
题目
Text 4 Humor, which ought to give rise to only the most light-hearted and ** feelings, can often stir up vehemence and animosity. Evidently it is dearer to us than we realize. Men will take almost any kind of criticism except the observation that they have no sense of humour. A man will admit to being a coward or a liar or a thief or a poor mechanic or a bad swimmer, but tell him he as a dreadful sense of humour and you might as well have slandered his mother. Even if he is civilized enough to pretend to make light of your statement, he will still secretly believe that he has not only a good sense of humour but are superior to most. He has, in other words, a completely blind spot on the subject. This is all the more surprising when you consider that not one man in ten million can give you any kind of intelligent answer as to what humour is or why he laughs.
One day when I was about twelve years old, it occurred to me to wonder about the phenomenon of laughter. At first I thought it is easy enough to see what I laugh at and why I am amused, but why at such times do I open my mouth and exhale in jerking gasps and wrinkle up my eyes and throw back my head and halloo like an animal? Why do I not instead rap four times on the top of my head or whistle or whirl about?
That was over twenty years ago and I am still wondering, except that I now no longer even take my first assumption for granted, I no longer clearly understand why I laugh at what amuses me nor why things are amusing. I have illustrious company in my confusion, of course, Many of the great minds of history have brought their power of concentration to bear on the mystery of humour, and, to date, their conclusions are so contradictory and ephemeral that they cannot possibly be classified as scientific.
Many definitions of the comic are incomplete and many are simply rewording of things we already know. Aristotle, for example, defined the ridiculous as that which is incongruous but represents neither **er nor pain. But that seems to me to be a most inadequate sort of observation, for of at this minute I insert here the word rutabagas, I have introduced something in congruous, something not funny. Of course, it must be admitted that Aristotle did not claim that every painless in congruity is ridiculous but as soon as we have gone as far as this admission, we begin to see that we have come to grips with a ghost when we think have it pinned, it suddenly appears behind us, mocking us.
An all-embracing definition of humour has been attempted by many philosophers, but no definition, no formula had ever been devised that is entirely satisfactory. Aristotle's definition has come to be known loosely as the "disappointment" theory, or the "frustrated expectation", but he also, discussed another theory borrowed in part from Plato which states that the pleasure we derive in laughing is an enjoyment of the misfortune of others, due to a momentary feeling of superiority or gratified vanity in appreciation of the fact that we ourselves are not in the observed predicament.
第36题：Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph?
[A] People don't like to be considered as one with no sense of humour.
[B] People will give you a satisfactory answer to what humour is.
[C] People would like to be a liar or a coward.
[D] People can make light of other's comment on their sense of humour.
相似考题
参考答案和解析
本题的相关信息在文章第一段。作者讲到：人们可以承认自己有其他方面的缺点，但要说他的幽默感差极了，这跟诋毁他母亲一样令他痛苦。由此可见，本题的正确答案应当为A。其他几个选项的意思均与原文内容不符。
更多“Text 4 Humor, which ought to give rise to only the most light-hearted and ** feelings, can often stir up vehemence and animosity. Evidently it is dearer to us than we realize. Men will take almost any kind of criticism except the observation that they hav”相关问题
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第1题：
Books are to mankind what memory is to the individual. They contain the history of our race, the discoveries we have made, the accumulated knowledge and experience of ages．They picture for us the marvels and beauties of nature, help us out of difficulty, comfort us in sorrow, change hours of tiredness into moments of delight, fill our minds with good ideas and happy thoughts, and lift us out of and above ourselves. And also, books can help transport us to mountains or the seashore, and visit the most beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue, inconvenience, or expense. In a sense they give us an even more vivid idea than the actual reality. So, precious and priceless are the blessings which the books scatter around our daily paths．We walk, in imagination, with noblest spirits, through the most fascinating regions.
正确答案：书籍之于人类犹如记忆之于个人。它们记载了我们人类的历史和迄今的发现，还有各个时代积累下来的知识和经验；它们向我们描述出自然界的奇妙和美丽。当我们身处困境时，它们给我们帮助；当我们受难哀伤时，它们给我们以慰藉；当我们困倦疲惫时，它们让我们快乐起来。书籍还能充实我们的头脑，使其充满美好，快乐的思想，帮助我们走出和超越自我。此外，无需付出体力和财力，书籍还能方便的把我们带到山上或海边，去观看地球上最美丽的部分。从某种程度上来说，书籍带给我们的生动想法比现实更加美好。所以书籍给我们日常生活轨迹中播种的快乐是珍贵无价的。我们能够在想象中与最高贵的人们同行，走过极乐的仙境
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第2题：
A lot of us lose life’s tough battles by starting a frontal attack—when a touch of humor might well enable us to win.Consider the case of a young friend of mine，who hit a traffic jam on his way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum about being late on the job.Although there was a good reason for Sam’s a being late—serious illness at home—he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldn’t work any longer.His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal speech.
Yes，the boss was.Sam entered the office at 9：35.The place was as quiet as a locker room;everyone was hard at work.Sam’s supervisor came up to him.Suddenly，Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand.“How do you do!” he said.“I’m Sam Maynard.I’m applying for a job，which，I understand，became available just 35 minutes ago.Does the early bird get the worm?”
The room exploded in laughter.The supervisor clamped off a smile and walked back to his office.Sam Maynard had saved his job—with the only tool that could win，a laugh.
Humor is a most effective，yet frequently neglected，means of handling the difficult situations in our lives.It can be used for patching up differences，apologizing，saying “no”，criticizing，getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face.For some jobs，it’s the only tool that can succeed.It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a quarrel.For example，many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than people in any other forum.
1、Why was Sam late for his job?
A、Because he was ill.
B、Because he got up late.
C、Because he was caught in a traffic jam.
D、He was busy applying for a new job.
2、The main idea of this passage is().
A、Sam Maynard saved his job with humor
B、humor is important in our lives
C、early bird gets the worm
D、humor can solve racial discriminations
3、The phrase “clamped off” in Paragraph 3 means().
A、tried to hold back
B、tried to set
C、charged
D、gave out
4、Which of the following statements can we infer from the passage?
A、Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8:30.
B、It wasn't the first time that Sam came late for his work.
C、Humor is the most effective way of solving problems.
D、All people lose life's battles for they are lacking in a sense of humor.
参考答案：CBAB
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第3题：
D
When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well ad the social environment it came influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.
Music provides a kind of perception(感知)that cannot be acquired any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotive(情感的)meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all.
The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form. to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.
Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love.
So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.
A.regardmusicasawayofentertainment
B.disagreewiththeirparentsoneducation
C.viewmusicasanoverlookedsubject
D.prefertheartstoscience
正确答案：A
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第4题：
共用题干
Osteoporosis and Men
Mention the word osteoporosis in the manly world of testosterone（皋丸素）,
professional basketball and the XFL（美国最新的职业足球联合会）,and you're likely to get
a wave of the hand and a dismissive（轻蔑的）"That's a woman's disease."Not so. More
than 2 million American men have been found to have the thinning bones and skeletal（骨骼
的）weakness of osteoporosis（骨质疏松症）,and an additional 3 million are at an
increased risk of developing them.
It's true that osteoporosis strikes women with much greater frequency than men一in
some studies as much as four to six times as often.But that's no reason to brush it off as
"their"disease.It's a mere stroke of gender luck that men's bones tend to grow larger,
stronger and denser. Also paying dividends are those sports that boys(and,increasingly,
girls)play as children一running up and down basketbal}courts,soccer and baseball fields.
As it happens,physical activity is one of the more important ways to increase bone density
and protect bone health.
But even the most active men cannot ignore certain facts of life.All of us build up our
bones during the first three decades of life,typically reaching peak bone mass in the early
30s.Around the age of 35,we begin gradually to lose some of this bone mass.Women
ultimately give up between 30%to 50%.Though mass loss in men is lower,it still makes
us vulnerable to back pains and bone fractures.In fact,this year alone American men will
suffer as many as half a million osteoporosis-related breaks,mostly in the spine,hip and
wrist.These are not only painful;thousands die each year from fracture-related
complications.
For many of us,however,there's still time.of all the side effects of aging,
osteoporosis is one of the more preventable,through diet,exercise and changes in
lifestyle.The two key nutritional substances for bone health are calcium（钙）,which
makes bones stronger, and vitamin D,which helps the body absorb the calcium.
Exercising is also important,with emphasis on weight-bearing activities in which bones
and muscles work against gravity.Lifting weights and working out on resistance machines
can help preserve bone density.
Be careful about what's in your medicine cabinet.Prolonged use of some medications,
such as steroids（类固醇）,can weaken your bones. Smoking and drinking are both bad
for bones,as is prolonged weightlessness,for anybody who plans to work on the space
station.The kind of sport that boys often play as children is good for the build-up of their bones.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析： -
第5题：
共用题干
第一篇
Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity.It may be walking,cycling or swimming,or in winter,skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind of football,hockey,golf, or tennis.It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship,and to take risks on high mountains?This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no manmade rules,as there are for such games as golf and football.There are,of course,rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore,but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people.Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports,we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a"team game".We should be mistaken in this.There are,it is true,no "matches " between "teams"of climbers,but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend,there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man.He has to fight the forces of nature.His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve the skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty,and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties.But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.They may take more time than younger men,but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort,and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.Mountaineering compete against________.
A:nature
B:each other
C:other teams
D:international standards答案：A解析：推断题。根据第二段第二句：Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship , and to take risks on high mountains？为什么那些男男女女们愿意忍受寒冷和艰辛去高山上冒险呢？ 由此可以推断登山运动会涉及辛苦、身体上的风险和寒冷。
推断题。根据第三段第一、二句：Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no manmade rules , as there are for such games as golf and football．登山是一项运动，而不是一种比赛。没有像高尔夫和橄榄球那种类型的比赛所具备的人为制定的规则。由此可知运动和比赛的区别是和规则有关系。
推断题。根据第四段最后一句中提到的：...when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend , there is obviously teamwork．但是当登山者们在悬崖峭壁上被维系他们生命的同一根绳子所联结的时候，显然需要团队合作。可以推断出登山时队员们彼此依赖，有很强的团队性，可以称之为一种团体运动。
推断题。根据倒数第二段第二句：He has to兔ht the forces of nature．他必须和大自然的力量作斗争，fight和compete against表达同样的意思。
主旨题。本文的主要内容就是介绍登山运动。 -
第6题：
共用题干
第一篇
Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity.It may be walking,cycling or swimming,or in winter,skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind of football,hockey,golf, or tennis.It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship,and to take risks on high mountains?This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no manmade rules,as there are for such games as golf and football.There are,of course,rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore,but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people.Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports,we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a"team game".We should be mistaken in this.There are,it is true,no "matches " between "teams"of climbers,but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend,there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man.He has to fight the forces of nature.His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve the skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty,and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties.But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.They may take more time than younger men,but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort,and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.The difference between a sport and a game has to do with the kind of_________.
A:activity
B:rules
C:uniform
D:participants答案：B解析：推断题。根据第二段第二句：Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship , and to take risks on high mountains？为什么那些男男女女们愿意忍受寒冷和艰辛去高山上冒险呢？ 由此可以推断登山运动会涉及辛苦、身体上的风险和寒冷。
推断题。根据第三段第一、二句：Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no manmade rules , as there are for such games as golf and football．登山是一项运动，而不是一种比赛。没有像高尔夫和橄榄球那种类型的比赛所具备的人为制定的规则。由此可知运动和比赛的区别是和规则有关系。
推断题。根据第四段最后一句中提到的：...when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend , there is obviously teamwork．但是当登山者们在悬崖峭壁上被维系他们生命的同一根绳子所联结的时候，显然需要团队合作。可以推断出登山时队员们彼此依赖，有很强的团队性，可以称之为一种团体运动。
推断题。根据倒数第二段第二句：He has to兔ht the forces of nature．他必须和大自然的力量作斗争，fight和compete against表达同样的意思。
主旨题。本文的主要内容就是介绍登山运动。 -
第7题：
Overcoming Difficulties ① Life is full of difficulties and obstacles, from birth to death. At times, Life seems like a hurdle race. We are sure of encountering hurdles, but almost always we are taken by surprise. It is necessary to accept that life in general is full of difficulties and adversities. This recognition is the first step. When faced with problems, we often feel, "I am the only one having such problems" Or, we tend to exaggerate our problems and regard them as most complex, most painful，and as an extreme case. But if we look around us, we find people in much worse conditions. As St. Augustine said, "I cried for boots, till I saw a man who had no legs." ② When faced with difficulties, we either complain or seek to dodge them. We behave like as ostrich in the desert. It is said that when there is a storm in the desert, the ostrich buries his head in the sand-hoping that the storm will go away if he ignores it-and finally gets buried under a heap of sand and dies. Some of us choose to pretend that the problems do not exist. We fail to realize that confronting and solving the problem-no painful the process-makes us grow. ③ Accept the woes of birth. It has many implied meanings. First, it means "accepting," i.e., being able to say that it is "my" problem and it is up to me to solve it. Many times we find ourselves putting the blame on others-parents, society or the circumstances of life. Nothing happens by chance, but all is the result of our past actions. There are times when what is needed is patience. We seek to come out of an unpleasant situation quickly. We must understand that if the cause had been operating for a long time, the effect also would last long-as even when the gas has been turned off, the burner remains hot for a long time. Similarly, we expect quick results; having put in the effort, we must be willing to wait. Patient acceptance of what is due to us makes us makes us take a step further in our development. ④ Once we have learnt to deal with a difficulty, the next time we encounter it, it ceases to be a difficulty. But, more often than not the cause of the problem is internal, i.e., within us, and often, it calls for a change. Often the difficulty is solved when we are willing to change—our way of thinking, our feelings, our likes and dislikes—and ready to adapt or adjust ourselves to a problematic situation or a person in life. We must realize that realize that change is inevitable, and always be mentally prepared for it. ⑤ Not all life's problems are such that they need to be dealt with all at once. Sometimes it is possible to take a step and wait for a long time. For instance, if the tap is leaking then we need to call a plumber as soon as we can. But having called him and having found that he can come only the following morning, we should wait patiently for the next 24 hours. In this period, people can get very anxious and go on talking about it to others. There are many such problems in life. While waiting for a long time，people tend to become（）
- A、seektododgethem
- B、immediatereaction
- C、waitingforalongtime
- D、difficultiesandadversities
- E、veryanxious
- F、onothers
正确答案:E -
第8题：
单选题As we know, blood types A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. Type O can give to any other group; hence it is often called the（） donor.Ageneral
Bpopular
Cuniversal
Dcommon
正确答案： C解析： 暂无解析 -
第9题：
单选题Overcoming Difficulties ① Life is full of difficulties and obstacles, from birth to death. At times, Life seems like a hurdle race. We are sure of encountering hurdles, but almost always we are taken by surprise. It is necessary to accept that life in general is full of difficulties and adversities. This recognition is the first step. When faced with problems, we often feel, "I am the only one having such problems" Or, we tend to exaggerate our problems and regard them as most complex, most painful，and as an extreme case. But if we look around us, we find people in much worse conditions. As St. Augustine said, "I cried for boots, till I saw a man who had no legs." ② When faced with difficulties, we either complain or seek to dodge them. We behave like as ostrich in the desert. It is said that when there is a storm in the desert, the ostrich buries his head in the sand-hoping that the storm will go away if he ignores it-and finally gets buried under a heap of sand and dies. Some of us choose to pretend that the problems do not exist. We fail to realize that confronting and solving the problem-no painful the process-makes us grow. ③ Accept the woes of birth. It has many implied meanings. First, it means "accepting," i.e., being able to say that it is "my" problem and it is up to me to solve it. Many times we find ourselves putting the blame on others-parents, society or the circumstances of life. Nothing happens by chance, but all is the result of our past actions. There are times when what is needed is patience. We seek to come out of an unpleasant situation quickly. We must understand that if the cause had been operating for a long time, the effect also would last long-as even when the gas has been turned off, the burner remains hot for a long time. Similarly, we expect quick results; having put in the effort, we must be willing to wait. Patient acceptance of what is due to us makes us makes us take a step further in our development. ④ Once we have learnt to deal with a difficulty, the next time we encounter it, it ceases to be a difficulty. But, more often than not the cause of the problem is internal, i.e., within us, and often, it calls for a change. Often the difficulty is solved when we are willing to change—our way of thinking, our feelings, our likes and dislikes—and ready to adapt or adjust ourselves to a problematic situation or a person in life. We must realize that realize that change is inevitable, and always be mentally prepared for it. ⑤ Not all life's problems are such that they need to be dealt with all at once. Sometimes it is possible to take a step and wait for a long time. For instance, if the tap is leaking then we need to call a plumber as soon as we can. But having called him and having found that he can come only the following morning, we should wait patiently for the next 24 hours. In this period, people can get very anxious and go on talking about it to others. There are many such problems in life. While waiting for a long time，people tend to become（）Aseektododgethem
Bimmediatereaction
Cwaitingforalongtime
Ddifficultiesandadversities
Everyanxious
Fonothers
正确答案： D解析： 本题根据原文第五段倒数第二句In this period，people can get very anxious and go on talking about it to other可得出答案。答案为E。 -
第10题：
问答题The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the sprightly flivver that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them; they are good citizens, good husbands, and good fathers, and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I do not find them exciting. I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. At a crossroad it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the turning we did.正确答案：
对于大多数人来说,生活是由环境决定的。他们在命运的拨弄面前,不仅逆来顺受,甚至还能随遇而安。这些人犹如街上的有轨电车,满足于在自己的轨道上运行;而对于那些不时出没于车水马龙间和欢快地奔驰在旷野上的廉价小汽车却不屑一顾。我尊重这些人;他们是守法的公民、尽职的丈犬、慈祥的父亲。当然,总得有人缴纳种种税款;可是,我并不觉得他们使人振奋。另有些人把生活掌握在自己手里,似乎在按照自己的意愿创造生活,尽管这样的人寥若晨星,他们却深深地吸引了我。自由意志这玩意儿对我们来说也许纯属子虚乌有;但不管怎么说,它确实存在于我们的幻想之中。每逢站在十字路口,我们好像能在左右两条道路中任选其一,可一旦选定之后,却又很难认识到那实际是世界历史的整个进程左右了我们的转折点。解析：
【翻译要点】
第二句中的accept...with resignation是一个惯用词组，表示对于一些令人不愉快的事物持忍耐的态度，这里用“逆来顺受”颇能传达原文的意思。with resignation表示忍耐，但毕竟是在“忍”，而下文with good will则是对于所遇逆境视若等闲、安之若素，比with resignation更进一步，故译成“随遇而安”。 -
第11题：
单选题We can learn from the text mat Freud’s studies _____.Aare more ambiguous than any other scientific invention
Bhave influenced other scientific inventions
Ccause Surrealism
Dhave infiltrated Surrealism
正确答案： A解析：
该题是关于Freud’s studies的。文章第二段第一句表明，弗洛伊德的精神分析理论对超现实主义有影响，D项符合题意。A项than any other太绝对。B项other scientific inventions应改为recent art。C项“导致了超现实主义”错误，只是产生一定影响，不合题意。 -
第12题：
单选题Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage?AComedians on TV are believed to have done a lot in making people more tolerant of racial and religious differences.
BTo make up differences, humor is a most acceptable as well as a most effective means.
CPeople often turn to humorous ways when meeting with difficult situation because of its effectiveness.
DOnly by adopting the means of humor can one succeed in some jobs.
正确答案： B解析：
文章只是指出幽默这种方式在处理困难局面时很有效，但并未提到人们经常会用幽默这种方式来解决问题，故选C项。第一段最后一句对应A项。第一段第二句对应B项。第一段第三句对应C项。 -
第13题：
Many people would agree同意 that stress压力 is a major 主要的 problem in modern life.It is certainly当然 true that worry担忧 and quarrel争吵 can cause导致 all kinds种类of illnesses疾病,(1) backache背疼 to severe严重的 headaches 头疼, or even甚至 more serious严重的 complaints投诉 such as igh blood pressure高血压
Many of us think of stress as some thing that other people (2) on us.We often complain fel 2 about how other people put us under pressure 压力.But we should try not to let such pressure affect影响us.We should not forget忘记 that we are largely大部分(3) for some of the stress ourselves.Sometimes 有时候 we take(4) more work than our bodies and our minds头脑 can handle处理, And we should be aware意识到Of(5) things are really important and which are not.(完型填空)
A.Impose强加
B.Responsible负责
C.Which
D.From
E.On
参考答案：EABDC
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第14题：
（ ）According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．People who live in cold climates had better paint the walls of their houses white.
B．Many women like to be in white on their wedding day because it’s the color of purity.
C．Sometimes colors can affect our feelings and moods.
D．Wearing green can give us more energy when we are feeling tired.
正确答案：A
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第15题：
In the last paragraph，the author mainly intends to
A．list the necessary changes we ought to make
B．advise US to make any necessary changes
C．explain what changes can bring
D． explain the process of making changes
正确答案：B
概括文章最后一段可知，作者建议我们，改变无所谓大小，只要必要就需要改变。A项是对文章的片面理解；C项是文章的细节，不是段落的主旨。 -
第16题：
It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Put simply,they’re not real living at all.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as"the end of the world,"or as proof of just how inadequate we are.Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something,we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn.These lessons are very important;they're how we grow,and how we keep from making that same mistake again.Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends,or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.答案：解析：人的一生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。但是，失败的妙处就在于，完全由我们来决定如何看待它。我们可以选择将失败看作是“世界末日”。或者像以往一样，把它看作令人难以置信的学习经历。每当我们在某件事上失败时，我们会选择寻找应学习的教训。这些教训非常重要；他们教会我们如何成长，如何避免再次犯相同的错误。如果失败阻止我们前进，那么唯一的条件就是我们允许它的发生。失败还可以教会我们认识自己，那是我们在别处永远无法学习到的。例如，失败可以帮助你发现自己的能力。失败可以帮助你发现最真实的朋友，或者帮助你找到预料之外的成功动力。 -
第17题：
共用题干
第一篇
Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity.It may be walking,cycling or swimming,or in winter,skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind of football,hockey,golf, or tennis.It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship,and to take risks on high mountains?This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no manmade rules,as there are for such games as golf and football.There are,of course,rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore,but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people.Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports,we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a"team game".We should be mistaken in this.There are,it is true,no "matches " between "teams"of climbers,but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend,there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man.He has to fight the forces of nature.His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve the skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty,and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties.But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.They may take more time than younger men,but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort,and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.Mountaineering can be called a team sport because_________.
A:it is an Olympic event
B:teams compete against each other
C:mountaineering depends on each other while climbing
D:there are S climbers on each team答案：C解析：推断题。根据第二段第二句：Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship , and to take risks on high mountains？为什么那些男男女女们愿意忍受寒冷和艰辛去高山上冒险呢？ 由此可以推断登山运动会涉及辛苦、身体上的风险和寒冷。
推断题。根据第三段第一、二句：Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no manmade rules , as there are for such games as golf and football．登山是一项运动，而不是一种比赛。没有像高尔夫和橄榄球那种类型的比赛所具备的人为制定的规则。由此可知运动和比赛的区别是和规则有关系。
推断题。根据第四段最后一句中提到的：...when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend , there is obviously teamwork．但是当登山者们在悬崖峭壁上被维系他们生命的同一根绳子所联结的时候，显然需要团队合作。可以推断出登山时队员们彼此依赖，有很强的团队性，可以称之为一种团体运动。
推断题。根据倒数第二段第二句：He has to兔ht the forces of nature．他必须和大自然的力量作斗争，fight和compete against表达同样的意思。
主旨题。本文的主要内容就是介绍登山运动。 -
第18题：
共用题干
The Need to Remember
Some people say they have no memory at all:"I just can't remember a thing!"But of course we all have a memory.Our memory tells us who we are.Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.
In fact we have different types of memory.For example,our visual memory helps us recall facts and places.Some people have such a strong visual memory that they can remember exactly what they have seen,for example,pages of a book,as a complete picture.
Our verbal（言语的）memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written:Items of a shopping list,a chemical formula,dates,or a recipe.
With our emotional（情感的）memory, we recall situations or places where we had; strong feelings,perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell,taste, touch and sound,and for performing physical movements.
We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds-enough to remember a telephone number while we dial.Our long-term mem-ory,on the other hand,may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much biter long-term memory than short-term .They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago,but have the clearest remembrance（记忆）of when they were very young.
Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past,and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story.We then make up the details. We of-ten do this in the way we want to remember them,usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past , or maybe victims needing sympathy（同情）.Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：C解析：根据文章第二段第二句话可知，视觉记忆可以帮助我们记起事实和地方，故本题表述正确，视觉记忆可以帮我们记起曾经去过的地方。
根据文章第二段最后一句话中的“Some people have such...pages of a book...”可知题干正确，故本题表述正确。
根据文章第三段中的“... words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written...”可知题干表述错误。
根据文章第四段最后一句可知，perform physical movements说的是special memories。因此题干错误。
联系全文，本文主要说的是人的记忆，而未提及动物。
文章倒数第二段对short-term memory和long-term memory作了区分，并未进行重要性的比较。
根据文章最后一段第一句话可知，关于过去我们只记得一部分，剩下的都是自己编造的，故本题表述正确。 -
第19题：
问答题Practice 4 I would say to the House, as I said to those who have joined this government: “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.” We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many long months of struggle and of suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I can say: It is to wage war, by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us; to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: It is victory, victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival. Let that be realised; no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge and impulse of the ages, that mankind will move forward towards its goal. But I take up my task with buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. At this time I feel entitled to claim the aid of all, and I say, “come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.” (Sir Winston Churchill)正确答案： 【参考译文】
正如我曾对参加本届政府的成员所说的那样,我要向下院说:“我没什么可以奉献,有的只是热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。”
摆在我们面前的,是一场极为痛苦的严峻的考验。在我们面前,有许多许多漫长的斗争和苦难的岁月。你们问:我们的政策是什么?我要说,我们的政策就是用我们全部能力,用上帝所给予我们的全部力量,在海上、陆地和空中进行战斗,同一个在人类黑暗悲惨的罪恶史上所从未有过的穷凶极恶的暴政进行战争。这就是我们的政策。你们问:我们的目标是什么?我可以用一个词来回答:胜利——不惜一切代价,去赢得胜利;无论多么可怕,也要赢得胜利,无论道路多么遥远和艰难,也要赢得胜利。因为没有胜利,就不能生存。大家必须认识到这一点:没有胜利,就没有英帝国的存在,就没有英帝国所代表的一切,就没有促使人类朝着自己目标奋勇前进这一时代相应的强烈欲望和动力。但是当我挑起这个担子的时候,我是心情愉快、满怀希望的。我深信,人们不会听任我们的事业遭受失败。此时此刻,我觉得我有权利要求大家的支持,我要说:“来吧,让我们同心协力,一道前进。”解析： 暂无解析 -
第20题：
单选题Overcoming Difficulties ① Life is full of difficulties and obstacles, from birth to death. At times, Life seems like a hurdle race. We are sure of encountering hurdles, but almost always we are taken by surprise. It is necessary to accept that life in general is full of difficulties and adversities. This recognition is the first step. When faced with problems, we often feel, "I am the only one having such problems" Or, we tend to exaggerate our problems and regard them as most complex, most painful，and as an extreme case. But if we look around us, we find people in much worse conditions. As St. Augustine said, "I cried for boots, till I saw a man who had no legs." ② When faced with difficulties, we either complain or seek to dodge them. We behave like as ostrich in the desert. It is said that when there is a storm in the desert, the ostrich buries his head in the sand-hoping that the storm will go away if he ignores it-and finally gets buried under a heap of sand and dies. Some of us choose to pretend that the problems do not exist. We fail to realize that confronting and solving the problem-no painful the process-makes us grow. ③ Accept the woes of birth. It has many implied meanings. First, it means "accepting," i.e., being able to say that it is "my" problem and it is up to me to solve it. Many times we find ourselves putting the blame on others-parents, society or the circumstances of life. Nothing happens by chance, but all is the result of our past actions. There are times when what is needed is patience. We seek to come out of an unpleasant situation quickly. We must understand that if the cause had been operating for a long time, the effect also would last long-as even when the gas has been turned off, the burner remains hot for a long time. Similarly, we expect quick results; having put in the effort, we must be willing to wait. Patient acceptance of what is due to us makes us makes us take a step further in our development. ④ Once we have learnt to deal with a difficulty, the next time we encounter it, it ceases to be a difficulty. But, more often than not the cause of the problem is internal, i.e., within us, and often, it calls for a change. Often the difficulty is solved when we are willing to change—our way of thinking, our feelings, our likes and dislikes—and ready to adapt or adjust ourselves to a problematic situation or a person in life. We must realize that realize that change is inevitable, and always be mentally prepared for it. ⑤ Not all life's problems are such that they need to be dealt with all at once. Sometimes it is possible to take a step and wait for a long time. For instance, if the tap is leaking then we need to call a plumber as soon as we can. But having called him and having found that he can come only the following morning, we should wait patiently for the next 24 hours. In this period, people can get very anxious and go on talking about it to others. There are many such problems in life. We often put our problems（）Aseek to dodge them
Bimmediate reaction
Cwaiting for a long time
Ddifficulties and adversities
Every anxious
Fon others
正确答案： F解析： 本题根据原文第三段第四句Many times we find… of life可得出答案。答案为F。 -
第21题：
单选题Overcoming Difficulties ① Life is full of difficulties and obstacles, from birth to death. At times, Life seems like a hurdle race. We are sure of encountering hurdles, but almost always we are taken by surprise. It is necessary to accept that life in general is full of difficulties and adversities. This recognition is the first step. When faced with problems, we often feel, "I am the only one having such problems" Or, we tend to exaggerate our problems and regard them as most complex, most painful，and as an extreme case. But if we look around us, we find people in much worse conditions. As St. Augustine said, "I cried for boots, till I saw a man who had no legs." ② When faced with difficulties, we either complain or seek to dodge them. We behave like as ostrich in the desert. It is said that when there is a storm in the desert, the ostrich buries his head in the sand-hoping that the storm will go away if he ignores it-and finally gets buried under a heap of sand and dies. Some of us choose to pretend that the problems do not exist. We fail to realize that confronting and solving the problem-no painful the process-makes us grow. ③ Accept the woes of birth. It has many implied meanings. First, it means "accepting," i.e., being able to say that it is "my" problem and it is up to me to solve it. Many times we find ourselves putting the blame on others-parents, society or the circumstances of life. Nothing happens by chance, but all is the result of our past actions. There are times when what is needed is patience. We seek to come out of an unpleasant situation quickly. We must understand that if the cause had been operating for a long time, the effect also would last long-as even when the gas has been turned off, the burner remains hot for a long time. Similarly, we expect quick results; having put in the effort, we must be willing to wait. Patient acceptance of what is due to us makes us makes us take a step further in our development. ④ Once we have learnt to deal with a difficulty, the next time we encounter it, it ceases to be a difficulty. But, more often than not the cause of the problem is internal, i.e., within us, and often, it calls for a change. Often the difficulty is solved when we are willing to change—our way of thinking, our feelings, our likes and dislikes—and ready to adapt or adjust ourselves to a problematic situation or a person in life. We must realize that realize that change is inevitable, and always be mentally prepared for it. ⑤ Not all life's problems are such that they need to be dealt with all at once. Sometimes it is possible to take a step and wait for a long time. For instance, if the tap is leaking then we need to call a plumber as soon as we can. But having called him and having found that he can come only the following morning, we should wait patiently for the next 24 hours. In this period, people can get very anxious and go on talking about it to others. There are many such problems in life. 1.Paragraph①（） 2.Paragraph②（） 3.Paragraph③（） 4.Paragraph④（） 5.Paragraph⑤（） A. There are implied meanings about the accepting the woes of birth. B. Diligence is also very important in solving problems. C. The first step of overcoming obstacles is to accept that life is full of difficulties. D. Some problems can’t be solved all at once. E. We must realize that change is inevitable. F. Confronting and solving the problem makes us grow. 下列选项正确的是（）。AC、F、A、E、D
BC、D、F、A、E
CC、F、D、A、E
DC、F、B、E、D
正确答案： A解析： ①.选项C概括了原文第一段的主要内容，即承认生命中充满了困难是我们克服困难的第一步。答案为C。
②本段作者讲了我们在面对困难时的做法，逃避或者面对。关键句是段首和段尾句。只有选项F符合上述内容。答案为F。
③本段中心句为第一、二句，即Accept the woes （麻烦） of birth和It has many implied meanings ，选项A符合此意。答案为A。
④本段多次提到了关键词“change”，中心句为最后一句，即我们必须意识到改变不可避免，而且要从思想上做好准备。答案为E。
⑤本段作者讲了许多问题不可能一下子得到解决，有的需要采取不同步骤来解决，有的甚至需要花费很长的时间。选项D符合此意。答案为D。 -
第22题：
单选题It can be inferred that the author of the text most likely regards the criticism of methanol as ______.Aflawed because of the assumptions on which it is based
Binapplicable because of an inconsistency in the critics’ arguments
Cmisguided because of its exclusively technological focus
Dinaccurate because it ignores consumers’ concerns
正确答案： B解析：
细节推导题。文章第四段首句指出“Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics”，可知接下来要讲的就是methanol“甲醇”的不足之处，第二句提到“Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol.”即作者认为人们觉得甲醇有问题是因为所基于的假设，A项正确。 -
第23题：
问答题Practice 9 Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate we can not consecrate we can not hallow — this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion— that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.正确答案：
【参考译文】
87年以前,我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个新的国家,它孕育于自由之中,并献身于一种理念,即所有人都生来平等。
当前,我们正在从事一场伟大的内战。这场战争对于这个国家,或任何一个有这种主张和这种信仰的国家能否长久生存下去,都是一个考验。此刻,我们在这场战争的一个伟大的战场上集会。我们来到这里,把战场上的一部分土地奉献给在此为这个国家的生存而牺牲了自己生命的人,作为他们的永久安息之所。我们这样做,是十分合情合理的。
可是,就更深一层意义而言,我们其实是不可能奉献这片土地,不可能使它成为圣地,也不可能把它变为人们景仰之所。那些在这里战斗过的勇士,活着的和死去的,已使这块土地神圣化了,远非我们微薄的能力所能改变。我们此时此刻所说的话,世人不大会注意,更不会长久记忆;然而勇士们在这里的所作所为,人们将永志不忘。倒是我们活着的人,应当献身于那些曾经在此作战的人们所英勇推动而尚未完成的工作。我们应该在此献身于摆在我们面前的伟大任务——由于他们的光荣牺牲,我们要更坚定地致力于他们毫无保留地为之作出最后贡献的事业——我们在此不能让他们白白牺牲:要使这个国家在上帝庇佑之下,获得自由的新生,要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府不会从地球上消失。解析： 暂无解析