EA rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃．Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from t

共用题干
The world has got rainforests which cover 7% of the earth's surface.They grow around the earth's equator in South America,Central America,Africa,Southeast Asia,and Australia. Rainforests are important.(46)______.These rainforests are wet and warm.They get more than two meters of rain each year,and temperatures are usually between 24℃and 27℃．(47)______. Each area has a different environment with different plants,trees and animals.
(48)______.Every day a part of the rainforest,the same size as a football field,is destroyed because of human activities.(49)______,people cut down trees to make plantations to grow food,to get minerals or metals out of the ground or to build more and more houses.(50) ______.Cutting down trees must be prohibited and wild animals must be protected.If people break these rules,they must be arrested and severely punished.

_________（47）
A:Therefore strict measures must be taken
B:They give the earth oxygen,and are the home for half of the world's animals and plants
C:Because of a growing population
D:Unfortunately,these rainforests are in danger
E:Tropical rainforests are home to tribal peoples who rely on their surroundings for food,shelter,and medicines
F: They are divided into four different areas

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第二篇

Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment
as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of
Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of
nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers
to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by
vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation,said,
"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very
aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong
influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we
found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of
other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the
grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and
densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both of which can be found across Europe,including the
UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the
local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the
opposite effect,the predation counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil
nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their
predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the
animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high,and
these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness.However,it is
not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important
in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their
effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

What does Paragraph 6 tell us?
A:Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B:Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C:Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D:At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.

共用题干
第二篇

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local en-vironment as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be at-tacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,haying a big influence on the grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Eurone.including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?
A:Because they build their own nests.
B:Because they collect food.
C:Because their activity affects the environment.
D:Because they are predators.

共用题干
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as“Ecosystem Engineers”
Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as“ecosystem engineers”and predators. The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they af-fect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Con-servation,said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're al-so very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.”
“In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the grassland food web,”Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Europe,including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.”
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

What does paragraph 6 tell us?
A: Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B: Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C: Ants'predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D: At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.

共用题干
第二篇

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local en-vironment as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be at-tacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,haying a big influence on the grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Eurone.including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

Dir Sanders' study centered on how ants_________.
A:can manage to thrive in huge numbers
B:defend their resources and territory against other predators
C:attack those invading animals for survival
D:produce such a big impact on the environment

共用题干
第二篇

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local en-vironment as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be at-tacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,haying a big influence on the grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Eurone.including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

As predators,ants_________.
A:prey on small as well as large animals
B:collect nutritious food from the soil
C:collect food as decomposers
D:prey on species much higher up the food chain

共用题干
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as“Ecosystem Engineers”
Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as“ecosystem engineers”and predators. The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they af-fect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Con-servation,said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're al-so very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.”
“In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the grassland food web,”Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Europe,including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.”
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

What still remains unclear about ants,according to the last paragraph?
A: What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live?
B: How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem?
C: How do human activities affect ants'influence on a given ecosystem?
D: How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?

共用题干
第三篇

Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as " Ecosystem Engineers"

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment
as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of
Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment?
Firstly.throuah moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of
nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers
to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by
vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation,said,
"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very ag-
gressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong
influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we
found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of
other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the
grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and den-
sities of black garden ants and common red ants,both of which can be found across Europe,including the
UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the
local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the op-
posite effect,the predation counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil
nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their
predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem
engineering.
Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the ani--
mal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these
organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness.However,it is not
clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important in
below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their
effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

Dirk Sanders'study centered on how ants_________.
A:can manage to thrive in huge numbers
B:defend their resources and territory against other predators
C:attack those invading animals for survival
D:produce such a big impact on the environment

共用题干
第三篇

Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as " Ecosystem Engineers"

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment
as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of
Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment?
Firstly.throuah moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of
nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers
to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by
vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation,said,
"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very ag-
gressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong
influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we
found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of
other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the
grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and den-
sities of black garden ants and common red ants,both of which can be found across Europe,including the
UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the
local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the op-
posite effect,the predation counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil
nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their
predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem
engineering.
Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the ani--
mal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these
organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness.However,it is not
clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important in
below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their
effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?
A:Because they build their own nests.
B:Because they collect food.
C:Because their activity affects the environment.
D:Because they are predators.

共用题干
Heat Is Killer Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world.Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot,it can_______(51)serious medical problems-even death.Floods,storms,volcano eruptions and other natural______(52)kill thousands of people every year.
So______(53) extreme heat.Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer, Recently,extreme heat was blamed ______(54)killing more than one hundred people in India.It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can______(55)health.Several hot days are considered a heat wave.
Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not_______(56)much from the highest daytime temperature.This causes great stress on the human body.
Doctors say people can do many things to______(57)themselves from the dangers of extreme heat. Stay out of the sun,if possible.Drink lots of cool water.Wear light colored clothing made______(58) natural materials;avoid wearing synthetic clothing.
Make sure the clothing is______(59),permitting freedom of movement.
And learn the danger______(60)of the medical problems,such as headache and vomiting,that are linked to heat.Most people suffer only muscle pain as a(n)______(61)of heat stress.The fiain is a______(62)that the body is becoming too hot.Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity,rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids.Do not return to physical _______(63)for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.
Doctors say some people face an______(64)danger from heat stress.Such persons have a weak or damaged heart,high blood pressure,or other problems of the blood system.
Hot Weather also increases dangers for people who must take______(65)for high blood pressure, poor blood flow,nervousness or depression.

61._________
A:influence
B:result
C:effect
D:view

共用题干
Heat Is Killer Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world.Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot,it can_______(51)serious medical problems-even death.Floods,storms,volcano eruptions and other natural______(52)kill thousands of people every year.
So______(53) extreme heat.Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer, Recently,extreme heat was blamed ______(54)killing more than one hundred people in India.It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can______(55)health.Several hot days are considered a heat wave.
Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not_______(56)much from the highest daytime temperature.This causes great stress on the human body.
Doctors say people can do many things to______(57)themselves from the dangers of extreme heat. Stay out of the sun,if possible.Drink lots of cool water.Wear light colored clothing made______(58) natural materials;avoid wearing synthetic clothing.
Make sure the clothing is______(59),permitting freedom of movement.
And learn the danger______(60)of the medical problems,such as headache and vomiting,that are linked to heat.Most people suffer only muscle pain as a(n)______(61)of heat stress.The fiain is a______(62)that the body is becoming too hot.Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity,rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids.Do not return to physical _______(63)for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.
Doctors say some people face an______(64)danger from heat stress.Such persons have a weak or damaged heart,high blood pressure,or other problems of the blood system.
Hot Weather also increases dangers for people who must take______(65)for high blood pressure, poor blood flow,nervousness or depression.

64._________
A:impossible
B:incident
C:incredible
D:increased

共用题干
第二篇

Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment
as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of
Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of
nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers
to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by
vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation,said,
"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very
aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong
influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we
found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of
other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the
grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and
densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both of which can be found across Europe,including the
UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the
local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the
opposite effect,the predation counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil
nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their
predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the
animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high,and
these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness.However,it is
not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important
in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their
effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

What still remains unclear about ants,according to the last paragraph?
A:What roles ants play in the ecosystem in which they live.
B:How ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem.
C:How human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem.
D:How ants alter the physical and chemical environment.

共用题干
第二篇

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local en-vironment as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be at-tacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,haying a big influence on the grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Eurone.including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

What still remains unclear about ants,according to the last paragraph?
A:What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live?
B:How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem?
C:How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem?
D:How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?

共用题干
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as“Ecosystem Engineers”
Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as“ecosystem engineers”and predators. The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they af-fect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Con-servation,said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're al-so very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.”
“In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the grassland food web,”Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Europe,including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.”
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?
A: Because they build their own nests.
B: Because they collect food.
C: Because their activity affects the environment.
D: Because they are predators.

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第二篇

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local en-vironment as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be at-tacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,haying a big influence on the grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Eurone.including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

What does paragraph 6 tell us?
A:Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B:Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C:Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D:At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.

共用题干
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as“Ecosystem Engineers”
Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as“ecosystem engineers”and predators. The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they af-fect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Con-servation,said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're al-so very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.”
“In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the grassland food web,”Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Europe,including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.”
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

Dirk Sanders'study centered on how ants______.
A: can manage to thrive in huge numbers
B: defend their resources and territory against other predators
C: attack those invading animals for survival
D: produce such a big impact on the environment

共用题干
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as“Ecosystem Engineers”
Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as“ecosystem engineers”and predators. The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they af-fect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Con-servation,said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're al-so very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.”
“In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the grassland food web,”Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Europe,including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.”
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

As predators,ants______.
A:prey on small as well as large animals
B: collect nutritious food from the soil
C: collect food as decomposers
D: prey on species much higher up the food chain

共用题干
第三篇

Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as " Ecosystem Engineers"

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment
as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of
Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment?
Firstly.throuah moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of
nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers
to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by
vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation,said,
"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very ag-
gressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong
influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we
found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of
other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the
grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and den-
sities of black garden ants and common red ants,both of which can be found across Europe,including the
UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the
local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the op-
posite effect,the predation counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil
nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their
predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem
engineering.
Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the ani--
mal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these
organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness.However,it is not
clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important in
below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their
effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

As predators,ants_________.
A:prey on small as well as large animals
B:collect nutritious food from the soil
C:collect food as decomposers
D:prey on species much higher up the food chain

共用题干
第三篇

Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as " Ecosystem Engineers"

Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment
as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of
Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment?
Firstly.throuah moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of
nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers
to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by
vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation,said,
"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very ag-
gressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong
influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we
found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of
other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the
grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and den-
sities of black garden ants and common red ants,both of which can be found across Europe,including the
UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the
local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the op-
posite effect,the predation counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil
nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their
predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem
engineering.
Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the ani--
mal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these
organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness.However,it is not
clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important in
below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their
effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.

What does Paragraph 6 tell us?
A:Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B:Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C:Ants'predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D:At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.

If you are like most people,your intelligence varies from season to season．You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year．A noted scientist,Ellsworth Huntington(1876-1947),concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.
He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat．This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year．It does mean,however,that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.
Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking．One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.
Fall is the next-best season,then winter．As for summer,it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking!

Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have__.

A.a great effect on everyone's intelligence
B.same effect on most persons'intelligence
C.some effect on a few persons'intelligence
D.no effect on most persons'intelligence

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Heat Is Killer Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world.Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot,it can_______(51)serious medical problems-even death.Floods,storms,volcano eruptions and other natural______(52)kill thousands of people every year.
So______(53) extreme heat.Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer, Recently,extreme heat was blamed ______(54)killing more than one hundred people in India.It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can______(55)health.Several hot days are considered a heat wave.
Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not_______(56)much from the highest daytime temperature.This causes great stress on the human body.
Doctors say people can do many things to______(57)themselves from the dangers of extreme heat. Stay out of the sun,if possible.Drink lots of cool water.Wear light colored clothing made______(58) natural materials;avoid wearing synthetic clothing.
Make sure the clothing is______(59),permitting freedom of movement.
And learn the danger______(60)of the medical problems,such as headache and vomiting,that are linked to heat.Most people suffer only muscle pain as a(n)______(61)of heat stress.The fiain is a______(62)that the body is becoming too hot.Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity,rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids.Do not return to physical _______(63)for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.
Doctors say some people face an______(64)danger from heat stress.Such persons have a weak or damaged heart,high blood pressure,or other problems of the blood system.
Hot Weather also increases dangers for people who must take______(65)for high blood pressure, poor blood flow,nervousness or depression.

53._________
A:does
B:doesn't
C:do
D:don't

共用题干
Heat Is Killer Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world.Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot,it can_______(51)serious medical problems-even death.Floods,storms,volcano eruptions and other natural______(52)kill thousands of people every year.
So______(53) extreme heat.Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer, Recently,extreme heat was blamed ______(54)killing more than one hundred people in India.It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can______(55)health.Several hot days are considered a heat wave.
Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not_______(56)much from the highest daytime temperature.This causes great stress on the human body.
Doctors say people can do many things to______(57)themselves from the dangers of extreme heat. Stay out of the sun,if possible.Drink lots of cool water.Wear light colored clothing made______(58) natural materials;avoid wearing synthetic clothing.
Make sure the clothing is______(59),permitting freedom of movement.
And learn the danger______(60)of the medical problems,such as headache and vomiting,that are linked to heat.Most people suffer only muscle pain as a(n)______(61)of heat stress.The fiain is a______(62)that the body is becoming too hot.Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity,rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids.Do not return to physical _______(63)for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.
Doctors say some people face an______(64)danger from heat stress.Such persons have a weak or damaged heart,high blood pressure,or other problems of the blood system.
Hot Weather also increases dangers for people who must take______(65)for high blood pressure, poor blood flow,nervousness or depression.

58._________
A:from
B:in
C:for
D:of