单选题The experts’ study on the problem of erosion can _____.A lead to its eventual solutionB provide an effective way to slow it downC help to prevent it from worseningD warn people whose homes are in danger
题目
单选题
The experts’ study on the problem of erosion can _____.
A
lead to its eventual solution
B
provide an effective way to slow it down
C
help to prevent it from worsening
D
warn people whose homes are in danger
相似考题
参考答案和解析
正确答案：
D
解析：
细节推断题。依据第二段第三句，专家们已研究了受影响最大的地区，并为它们绘制了地图，预报在这一年里将被海水吞没的住房房屋，故A项为答案。
细节推断题。依据第二段第三句，专家们已研究了受影响最大的地区，并为它们绘制了地图，预报在这一年里将被海水吞没的住房房屋，故A项为答案。
更多“单选题The experts’ study on the problem of erosion can _____.A lead to its eventual solutionB provide an effective way to slow it downC help to prevent it from worseningD warn people whose homes are in danger”相关问题
-
第1题：
共用题干
第一篇
U. S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S.children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January,U.S.health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U.S. government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study,to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States,can help identify early-life influences that affect later development,with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary（遗传的）and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences,the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term（从长远说来）,what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs,"Dr. Duane Alexander,who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up（使报名从事）pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth（早产）,which has become more common in recent years,according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH,who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural,urban and suburban areas,from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups,the NIH said.The aim of the study is to find new ways to_______.
A:conduct research
B:track public health
C:prevent or treat illness
D:speed up development答案：C解析：文章第二段提到了此项研究的goal，即aim，这便是“learning new ways to treat or prevent illness”。
前三项在短文的第四段都有提及，第四项应该是“参加研究的妇女及其婴儿家中的空气与水等物质，”而不是“医院中的空气与水”。
文章第六段说道，预计从长远来说，此项研究将有利于国家卫生保健费用开支的节约。
文章第一段以及倒数第三段都说道，这些婴儿将从出生前一直被跟踪研究到21岁。
前三项在短文的最后一段都有提及，只有第四项是错误的，因为研究对象都是怀孕的妇女，不可能是所有年龄段的人们。 -
第2题：
共用题干
第二篇
Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps.First,the problem must be identified correctly.Psychologists refer to this step as problem representation.For many problems,a figuring out which information is relevant and which is irrelevant can be difficult and can interfere with arriving at a good solution.Clearly,a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem is; however,this is not as easy as it might seem.One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness,that is,allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend to see objects and events in certain fixed ways,and by being inflexible in viewing the problem,they may be unable to notice the tools for the solution.
Once the problem is identified accurately,however,the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution.A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them down and then make a list of advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again,people may be limited by prior experiences.Often people adopt mental sets that lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems in the past. Although that can be helpful most of the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. In that case,the mental set must be abandoned,and new alternatives must be explored.This can be a difficult adjustment for some people.
After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them.One way to avoid becoming stuck in the options is to try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another if the results are unfavorable.This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously to the next step—action.The strategy selected must be implemented and tested.If it solves the problem,no further action is necessary,but if not,then an unsuccessful solution may actually lead to a more successful option.If the solution is still not apparent,then the cycle begins again,starting with problem identification.By continuing to review the problem and repeat the problem-solving steps,the solution can be improved upon and refined.One way to avoid being stuck in the different options to solve the problem is to________.
A:stick to the best option
B:compare the advantages and disadvantages of different options
C:ask other people for advice
D:try the best option but be ready to abandon it once it turns out to be not good答案：D解析：主旨推断题。第一段第一句为本文主旨句：解决问题可以简化为几个步骤。接着第二句中提到了第一个步骤: First , the problem must be identified correctly．首先，必须要认清问题。第二段第一句提到：Once the problem is identified accurately , however , the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution．不过，一旦认清了问题是什么，第二个步骤就包括考虑各种解决方法。第三段第一句提到：After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them．在对比了各种可供选择的解决方案后，我们必须从中选出一个方案来。第三段第三句提到the next step一action，倒数第二句提到the cycle begins again。由此可知解决问题的步骤分为四个。
细节题。参照36题解释。
词义辫析题。该句中已经提到如何去分辨哪些信息是相关的和哪些是不相关的非常难，然后用and递进引出后面的话can interfere with arriving at a good solution，因此该句中的interfere with和前面的difficult一词应该是同一类别的，因此选B:disrupt“干扰”。
细节题。依据是第二段第二句：评价这些解决方法常用的方式就是把所有方法都写下来，然后分别写出每个方法的利与弊。
细节题。依据是第三段第二句：有个方法可以避免我们陷入到各种选择的泥潭中，那就是挑选最佳的方案，但是心理上也要做好如果结果不理想那么也要放弃这个方案的准备。 -
第3题：
共用题干
第二篇
Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps.First,the problem must be identified correctly.Psychologists refer to this step as problem representation.For many problems,a figuring out which information is relevant and which is irrelevant can be difficult and can interfere with arriving at a good solution.Clearly,a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem is; however,this is not as easy as it might seem.One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness,that is,allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend to see objects and events in certain fixed ways,and by being inflexible in viewing the problem,they may be unable to notice the tools for the solution.
Once the problem is identified accurately,however,the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution.A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them down and then make a list of advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again,people may be limited by prior experiences.Often people adopt mental sets that lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems in the past. Although that can be helpful most of the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. In that case,the mental set must be abandoned,and new alternatives must be explored.This can be a difficult adjustment for some people.
After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them.One way to avoid becoming stuck in the options is to try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another if the results are unfavorable.This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously to the next step—action.The strategy selected must be implemented and tested.If it solves the problem,no further action is necessary,but if not,then an unsuccessful solution may actually lead to a more successful option.If the solution is still not apparent,then the cycle begins again,starting with problem identification.By continuing to review the problem and repeat the problem-solving steps,the solution can be improved upon and refined.We can evaluate the alternatives for a solution by_________.
A:using prior experiences
B:adopting mental sets
C:abandoning mental sets
D:writing down the advantages and disadvantages of each solution答案：D解析：主旨推断题。第一段第一句为本文主旨句：解决问题可以简化为几个步骤。接着第二句中提到了第一个步骤: First , the problem must be identified correctly．首先，必须要认清问题。第二段第一句提到：Once the problem is identified accurately , however , the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution．不过，一旦认清了问题是什么，第二个步骤就包括考虑各种解决方法。第三段第一句提到：After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them．在对比了各种可供选择的解决方案后，我们必须从中选出一个方案来。第三段第三句提到the next step一action，倒数第二句提到the cycle begins again。由此可知解决问题的步骤分为四个。
细节题。参照36题解释。
词义辫析题。该句中已经提到如何去分辨哪些信息是相关的和哪些是不相关的非常难，然后用and递进引出后面的话can interfere with arriving at a good solution，因此该句中的interfere with和前面的difficult一词应该是同一类别的，因此选B:disrupt“干扰”。
细节题。依据是第二段第二句：评价这些解决方法常用的方式就是把所有方法都写下来，然后分别写出每个方法的利与弊。
细节题。依据是第三段第二句：有个方法可以避免我们陷入到各种选择的泥潭中，那就是挑选最佳的方案，但是心理上也要做好如果结果不理想那么也要放弃这个方案的准备。 -
第4题：
共用题干
第二篇
Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps.First,the problem must be identified correctly.Psychologists refer to this step as problem representation.For many problems,a figuring out which information is relevant and which is irrelevant can be difficult and can interfere with arriving at a good solution.Clearly,a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem is; however,this is not as easy as it might seem.One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness,that is,allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend to see objects and events in certain fixed ways,and by being inflexible in viewing the problem,they may be unable to notice the tools for the solution.
Once the problem is identified accurately,however,the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution.A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them down and then make a list of advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again,people may be limited by prior experiences.Often people adopt mental sets that lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems in the past. Although that can be helpful most of the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. In that case,the mental set must be abandoned,and new alternatives must be explored.This can be a difficult adjustment for some people.
After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them.One way to avoid becoming stuck in the options is to try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another if the results are unfavorable.This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously to the next step—action.The strategy selected must be implemented and tested.If it solves the problem,no further action is necessary,but if not,then an unsuccessful solution may actually lead to a more successful option.If the solution is still not apparent,then the cycle begins again,starting with problem identification.By continuing to review the problem and repeat the problem-solving steps,the solution can be improved upon and refined.Which of the following has the same meaning as "interfere with" in Para. 1 Line 3?
A:help with
B:disrupt
C:interact with
D:interrupt答案：B解析：主旨推断题。第一段第一句为本文主旨句：解决问题可以简化为几个步骤。接着第二句中提到了第一个步骤: First , the problem must be identified correctly．首先，必须要认清问题。第二段第一句提到：Once the problem is identified accurately , however , the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution．不过，一旦认清了问题是什么，第二个步骤就包括考虑各种解决方法。第三段第一句提到：After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them．在对比了各种可供选择的解决方案后，我们必须从中选出一个方案来。第三段第三句提到the next step一action，倒数第二句提到the cycle begins again。由此可知解决问题的步骤分为四个。
细节题。参照36题解释。
词义辫析题。该句中已经提到如何去分辨哪些信息是相关的和哪些是不相关的非常难，然后用and递进引出后面的话can interfere with arriving at a good solution，因此该句中的interfere with和前面的difficult一词应该是同一类别的，因此选B:disrupt“干扰”。
细节题。依据是第二段第二句：评价这些解决方法常用的方式就是把所有方法都写下来，然后分别写出每个方法的利与弊。
细节题。依据是第三段第二句：有个方法可以避免我们陷入到各种选择的泥潭中，那就是挑选最佳的方案，但是心理上也要做好如果结果不理想那么也要放弃这个方案的准备。 -
第5题：
共用题干
第一篇
US to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A study that will cost$3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 US children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January,US health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the US government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study,to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States,can help identify early-life influences that affect later development,with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary（遗传的）and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences,the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost$3.2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term（从长远来说）,what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs,"Dr. Duane Alexander,who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up（签订协议）pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth（早产）,which has become more common in recent years,according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH,who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural,urban and suburban areas,from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups,the NIH said.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?
A:They'll be from various areas.
B:They'll be from all income levels.
C:They'll be from all educational levels.
D:They'll be from all age groups.答案：D解析：短文的第二段提到了此项研究的goal，即aim，这便是learning new ways to treat or prevent illness。
A、B、C三项在短文的第四段都有提及。D项不正确，应该是samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences（参加研究的妇女及其婴儿家中的空气与水等物质）。
短文的第六段说到，预计从长远的角度讲，此项研究将节约大笔国家卫生保健费用。
短文的第一段及倒数第三段都说到，这些婴儿将从出生前一直被跟踪到 21岁。
A、B、C三项在短文的最后一段都有提及，而D是错误的，因为研究对象都是怀孕的妇女，不是所有年龄段的人们。 -
第6题：
共用题干
第一篇
US to Start$3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A stu街that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 US children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January,US health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the US government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study,to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States,can help identify early-life influences that affect later development,with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary（遗传的）and environmental factors such as exposure to certamn chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences,the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion."We anticipate that in the long term（从长远说来）,what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs,"Dr. Duane Alexander,who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind preterm birth（早产）,which has become more common in recent years,according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH,who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural,urban and suburban areas,from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups,the NIH said.Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT_______.
A:genetic samples from people in the study
B:biological samples from people in the study
C:samples from the homes of the women and their babies
D:samples of air and water from hospitals答案：D解析：短文的第二段提到了此项研究的目标：learning new ways to treat or preventillness.
前三项在短文的第四段都有提及，第四项应该是“参加研究的妇女及婴儿家中的空气与水等物质，”而不是“医院中的空气与水”。
短文的第六段说，从长远的角度讲，此项研究将有利于国家卫生保健费用开支的节约。
短文的第一段以及倒数第三段都说到，这些婴儿将从出生前一直被跟踪到21岁。
前三项在短文的最后一段都有提及，只有第四项是错误的，不可能是所有年龄段的人。 -
第7题：
The network administrator has enabled BPDU guard on the LAN. Why is an effective way to prevent an unauthorized rogue switch from altering the spanning-tree topology of this network？ （）
- A、BPDU guard can be used to prevent invalid BPDUs from propagating throughout the network.
- B、BPDU guard can guarantee proper selection of the root bridge.
- C、BPDU guard can be utilized to prevent the switch from transmitteing BPDUs and incorrectly altering the root bridge election.
- D、BPDU guard can be utilized along with PortFast to shut down ports when a switch is connected to the port.
- E、None of the other alternatives apply
正确答案:D -
第8题：
问答题With computers, people can now shop, bank, work and communicate from the home. The danger is that people could become isolated from each other and lose social skills which help them to get along with others. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Write a composition of about 400 words to discuss this topic.正确答案：
In this computer-oriented era, people can do practically everything while still at home. They can do their shopping online, pay bills online, chat online and even work online. In the light of this phenomenon, many fear that this way of tackling things might lead to social isolation, and further to the loss of men's ability to co-exist with one another in society. Personally, however, I don't agree with this view, and it is my firm belief that not only will the Internet bring the world closer together, it will enable men to co-exist better—in the cyberspace, a worldwide community.
First, unsurprisingly, computers and modems have transformed the world into a global village. Messages are sent instantly around the world via the Internet; a bargain is made between a gentleman in Russia and a lady in Argentina; and students studying abroad send voice mails to their loved ones at home, again by using the computer. Indeed, in this fast-paced world, it is impossible to conduct every social contact in a face-to-face manner. Therefore, it is only too natural that efficient online communication is partly taking the place of the time-consuming personal encounter. And why not? This online way of life has helped people on this planet to communicate better, and the fear that people could become isolated from each other in the virtual world is groundless.
At the same time, even if the Internet ensures better social communication, actual social contact is still necessary: Not all business can be handled online, and perfect good will can not be achieved while the parties concerned are far apart. As a matter of fact, the Internet has made people realize the need for contact in actual social settings. Furthermore, communication in the cyberspace and that in the actual world can be complementary to each other-- each shining more brilliantly in the other's company. Sometimes it is fast and efficient to communicate online, while at other times people find it better to communicate in the actual world. Given this, people's ability to co-exist with one another has actually been enhanced, I would say, in this IT era.
In conclusion, the computer and the Internet have brought human relations closer than ever before. To better adapt to this high-tech world, one should master the basic skills of the computer, for one' own sake as well as for the sake of a better and happier co-existence with others.解析：
范文第一段开始提到了人们利用计算机的现状以及对此的忧虑，接着是作者的观点，认为计算机不仅不会疏远人们，还会拉近世界人们的距离。第二、三段是对论点的详细论证。最后一段总结全文，重申观点。 -
第9题：
单选题It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of America’s elderly population _____.Awill provide good job opportunities in many areas
Bwill impose an unbearable burden on society
Cmay lead to nursing home abuse and age discrimination
Dwill create new field of study in universities
正确答案： C解析：
主旨题。本文第一段指出，在美国老年人就意味着工作，预料在今后50年里不仅老人增多，而且65岁以上的老人寿命更长。这一切都给老年服务市场提供了更多的就业机会。老年学在大学流行起来，并以法律、商业为例，与老年学相结合就能挣大钱。因此老年人口的扩张，必然导致大学新的研究范围盼产生。这一切都是围绕着“Old is suddenly in”而展开论述的，这正符合文章主旨，故选D项。 -
第10题：
单选题The Recording Industry Association of AmericaApersuaded people to download its music from the Internet.
Bis trying to stop people stealing their music stored in the computer.
Cstarted suing people playing their music to the public.
Dhas taken effective measures to dissuade people downloading music from the Internet.
正确答案： C解析：
录音中指出去年年中以来美国唱片工业协会开始控诉那些使大量歌曲在网上能被下载的人，结果在网上交换音乐文件的人数降低了一般，从网上下载歌曲的人也减少了75%，因此选项D符合录音内容。dissuade劝阻，劝止。
【录音原文】
The number of people swapping music files online has dropped by half, and the number of people downloading files on any given day has dropped 75 percent since the middle of last year, when the Recording Industry Association of America started suing people accused of making large numbers of songs available for downloading. -
第11题：
判断题Scientists study the development of expertise in different areas so that their findings can help children in becoming experts in these and other areas.A对
B错
正确答案： 对解析：
录音中描述到“重要科技发现来自那些具有某个领域专业知识的人”，接着指出“The examples are important not because all school children are expected to become experts in these or any other areas…”，因此题干表述有误。
【录音原文】
Key scientific findings have come from studies of people who have developed expertise in areas such as chess, physics, mathematics, electronics and history. The examples are important not because all school children are expected to become experts in these or any other areas, but because the study of expertise shows what the results of successful learning look like. -
第12题：
单选题The network administrator has enabled BPDU guard on the LAN. Why is an effective way to prevent an unauthorized rogue switch from altering the spanning-tree topology of this network？ （）ABPDU guard can be used to prevent invalid BPDUs from propagating throughout the network.
BBPDU guard can guarantee proper selection of the root bridge.
CBPDU guard can be utilized to prevent the switch from transmitteing BPDUs and incorrectly altering the root bridge election.
DBPDU guard can be utilized along with PortFast to shut down ports when a switch is connected to the port.
ENone of the other alternatives apply
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
共用题干
第一篇
U. S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S.children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January,U.S.health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U.S. government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study,to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States,can help identify early-life influences that affect later development,with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary（遗传的）and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences,the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term（从长远说来）,what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs,"Dr. Duane Alexander,who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up（使报名从事）pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth（早产）,which has become more common in recent years,according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH,who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural,urban and suburban areas,from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups,the NIH said.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?
A:They'll be from various areas.
B:They'll be from all income levels.
C:They'll be from all educational levels.
D:They'll be from all age groups.答案：D解析：文章第二段提到了此项研究的goal，即aim，这便是“learning new ways to treat or prevent illness”。
前三项在短文的第四段都有提及，第四项应该是“参加研究的妇女及其婴儿家中的空气与水等物质，”而不是“医院中的空气与水”。
文章第六段说道，预计从长远来说，此项研究将有利于国家卫生保健费用开支的节约。
文章第一段以及倒数第三段都说道，这些婴儿将从出生前一直被跟踪研究到21岁。
前三项在短文的最后一段都有提及，只有第四项是错误的，因为研究对象都是怀孕的妇女，不可能是所有年龄段的人们。 -
第14题：
共用题干
第二篇
Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps.First,the problem must be identified correctly.Psychologists refer to this step as problem representation.For many problems,a figuring out which information is relevant and which is irrelevant can be difficult and can interfere with arriving at a good solution.Clearly,a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem is; however,this is not as easy as it might seem.One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness,that is,allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend to see objects and events in certain fixed ways,and by being inflexible in viewing the problem,they may be unable to notice the tools for the solution.
Once the problem is identified accurately,however,the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution.A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them down and then make a list of advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again,people may be limited by prior experiences.Often people adopt mental sets that lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems in the past. Although that can be helpful most of the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. In that case,the mental set must be abandoned,and new alternatives must be explored.This can be a difficult adjustment for some people.
After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them.One way to avoid becoming stuck in the options is to try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another if the results are unfavorable.This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously to the next step—action.The strategy selected must be implemented and tested.If it solves the problem,no further action is necessary,but if not,then an unsuccessful solution may actually lead to a more successful option.If the solution is still not apparent,then the cycle begins again,starting with problem identification.By continuing to review the problem and repeat the problem-solving steps,the solution can be improved upon and refined.Solving a problem can be broken down into_______steps.
A:3
B:4
C:5
D:6答案：B解析：主旨推断题。第一段第一句为本文主旨句：解决问题可以简化为几个步骤。接着第二句中提到了第一个步骤: First , the problem must be identified correctly．首先，必须要认清问题。第二段第一句提到：Once the problem is identified accurately , however , the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution．不过，一旦认清了问题是什么，第二个步骤就包括考虑各种解决方法。第三段第一句提到：After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them．在对比了各种可供选择的解决方案后，我们必须从中选出一个方案来。第三段第三句提到the next step一action，倒数第二句提到the cycle begins again。由此可知解决问题的步骤分为四个。
细节题。参照36题解释。
词义辫析题。该句中已经提到如何去分辨哪些信息是相关的和哪些是不相关的非常难，然后用and递进引出后面的话can interfere with arriving at a good solution，因此该句中的interfere with和前面的difficult一词应该是同一类别的，因此选B:disrupt“干扰”。
细节题。依据是第二段第二句：评价这些解决方法常用的方式就是把所有方法都写下来，然后分别写出每个方法的利与弊。
细节题。依据是第三段第二句：有个方法可以避免我们陷入到各种选择的泥潭中，那就是挑选最佳的方案，但是心理上也要做好如果结果不理想那么也要放弃这个方案的准备。 -
第15题：
共用题干
第二篇
Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps.First,the problem must be identified correctly.Psychologists refer to this step as problem representation.For many problems,a figuring out which information is relevant and which is irrelevant can be difficult and can interfere with arriving at a good solution.Clearly,a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem is; however,this is not as easy as it might seem.One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness,that is,allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend to see objects and events in certain fixed ways,and by being inflexible in viewing the problem,they may be unable to notice the tools for the solution.
Once the problem is identified accurately,however,the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution.A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them down and then make a list of advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again,people may be limited by prior experiences.Often people adopt mental sets that lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems in the past. Although that can be helpful most of the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. In that case,the mental set must be abandoned,and new alternatives must be explored.This can be a difficult adjustment for some people.
After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them.One way to avoid becoming stuck in the options is to try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another if the results are unfavorable.This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously to the next step—action.The strategy selected must be implemented and tested.If it solves the problem,no further action is necessary,but if not,then an unsuccessful solution may actually lead to a more successful option.If the solution is still not apparent,then the cycle begins again,starting with problem identification.By continuing to review the problem and repeat the problem-solving steps,the solution can be improved upon and refined.If we want to solve a problem,the first step is to________.
A:know what the problem is
B:compare the alternatives
C:use prior experiences
D:select a strategy答案：A解析：主旨推断题。第一段第一句为本文主旨句：解决问题可以简化为几个步骤。接着第二句中提到了第一个步骤: First , the problem must be identified correctly．首先，必须要认清问题。第二段第一句提到：Once the problem is identified accurately , however , the second step consists of considering the alternatives for a solution．不过，一旦认清了问题是什么，第二个步骤就包括考虑各种解决方法。第三段第一句提到：After the alternatives have been compared,a strategy must be selected from among them．在对比了各种可供选择的解决方案后，我们必须从中选出一个方案来。第三段第三句提到the next step一action，倒数第二句提到the cycle begins again。由此可知解决问题的步骤分为四个。
细节题。参照36题解释。
词义辫析题。该句中已经提到如何去分辨哪些信息是相关的和哪些是不相关的非常难，然后用and递进引出后面的话can interfere with arriving at a good solution，因此该句中的interfere with和前面的difficult一词应该是同一类别的，因此选B:disrupt“干扰”。
细节题。依据是第二段第二句：评价这些解决方法常用的方式就是把所有方法都写下来，然后分别写出每个方法的利与弊。
细节题。依据是第三段第二句：有个方法可以避免我们陷入到各种选择的泥潭中，那就是挑选最佳的方案，但是心理上也要做好如果结果不理想那么也要放弃这个方案的准备。 -
第16题：
共用题干
第一篇
US to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A study that will cost$3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 US children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January,US health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the US government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study,to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States,can help identify early-life influences that affect later development,with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary（遗传的）and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences,the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost$3.2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term（从长远来说）,what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs,"Dr. Duane Alexander,who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up（签订协议）pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth（早产）,which has become more common in recent years,according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH,who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural,urban and suburban areas,from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups,the NIH said.Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT______.
A:genetic samples from people in the study
B:biological samples from people in the study
C:samples from the homes of the women and their babies
D:samples of air and water from hospitals答案：D解析：短文的第二段提到了此项研究的goal，即aim，这便是learning new ways to treat or prevent illness。
A、B、C三项在短文的第四段都有提及。D项不正确，应该是samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences（参加研究的妇女及其婴儿家中的空气与水等物质）。
短文的第六段说到，预计从长远的角度讲，此项研究将节约大笔国家卫生保健费用。
短文的第一段及倒数第三段都说到，这些婴儿将从出生前一直被跟踪到 21岁。
A、B、C三项在短文的最后一段都有提及，而D是错误的，因为研究对象都是怀孕的妇女，不是所有年龄段的人们。 -
第17题：
共用题干
第一篇
US to Start$3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A stu街that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 US children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January,US health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the US government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study,to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States,can help identify early-life influences that affect later development,with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary（遗传的）and environmental factors such as exposure to certamn chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences,the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion."We anticipate that in the long term（从长远说来）,what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs,"Dr. Duane Alexander,who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind preterm birth（早产）,which has become more common in recent years,according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH,who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural,urban and suburban areas,from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups,the NIH said.The aim of the study is to find new ways to_______.
A:conduct research
B:track public health
C:prevent or treat illness
D:speed up development答案：C解析：短文的第二段提到了此项研究的目标：learning new ways to treat or preventillness.
前三项在短文的第四段都有提及，第四项应该是“参加研究的妇女及婴儿家中的空气与水等物质，”而不是“医院中的空气与水”。
短文的第六段说，从长远的角度讲，此项研究将有利于国家卫生保健费用开支的节约。
短文的第一段以及倒数第三段都说到，这些婴儿将从出生前一直被跟踪到21岁。
前三项在短文的最后一段都有提及，只有第四项是错误的，不可能是所有年龄段的人。 -
第18题：
共用题干
第一篇
US to Start$3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A stu街that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 US children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January,US health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the US government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study,to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States,can help identify early-life influences that affect later development,with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary（遗传的）and environmental factors such as exposure to certamn chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences,the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion."We anticipate that in the long term（从长远说来）,what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs,"Dr. Duane Alexander,who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind preterm birth（早产）,which has become more common in recent years,according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH,who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural,urban and suburban areas,from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups,the NIH said.Which is not true of the people in the study?
A:They'll be from various areas.
B:They'll be from all income levels.
C:They'll be from all educational levels.
D:They'll be from all age groups.答案：D解析：短文的第二段提到了此项研究的目标：learning new ways to treat or preventillness.
前三项在短文的第四段都有提及，第四项应该是“参加研究的妇女及婴儿家中的空气与水等物质，”而不是“医院中的空气与水”。
短文的第六段说，从长远的角度讲，此项研究将有利于国家卫生保健费用开支的节约。
短文的第一段以及倒数第三段都说到，这些婴儿将从出生前一直被跟踪到21岁。
前三项在短文的最后一段都有提及，只有第四项是错误的，不可能是所有年龄段的人。 -
第19题：
单选题The experts’ study on the problem of erosion can _____.Alead to its eventual solution
Bprovide an effective way to slow it down
Chelp to prevent it from worsening
Dwarn people whose homes are in danger
正确答案： D解析：
细节推断题。依据第二段第三句，专家们已研究了受影响最大的地区，并为它们绘制了地图，预报在这一年里将被海水吞没的住房房屋，故A项为答案。 -
第20题：
单选题A study by a group of dentists has concluded that regular use of a certain brand of mouthwash is as effective as flossing in preventing gum disease. The mouthwash company has released a television ad suggesting that people who do not like flossing can now rely solely on mouthwash and brushing to maintain good dental health. A leading manufacturer of dental floss brought a lawsuit against the mouthwash company demanding that the advertisement be discontinued on the grounds that it is misleading. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the dental floss company’s claim that the advertisement is misleading?AThe dental floss manufacturer is concerned that it will lose market share in the dental health market because the advertisement encourages people to switch from dental floss to mouthwash.
BThe dental floss company claims in its own advertisements that brushing and flossing after every meal is the most effective way to maintain good dental health.
CAlthough mouthwash is an effective deterrent to gum disease, it is less effective than dental floss at removing plaque and preventing cavities between teeth.
DPer usage, mouthwash is three times more expensive than dental floss, if the recommended amounts of both products are used.
EThe dentists who conducted the study on the effectiveness of mouthwash in preventing gum disease obtained their funding for the study from a company that manufactures mouthwash.
正确答案： E解析：
如果广告暗示“people who do not like flossing can now rely solely on mouthwash and brushing to maintain good dental health”但是实际上漱口水并没有牙线的功能，那么便可以说明这则广告具有误导性，故本题应选C项。 -
第21题：
单选题Falls in the bathroom are considered to be unfortunate because _____.Athey can easily be avoided
Bold people seldom fall in bathrooms
Cgrab bars do not help to prevent falls
Dbathroom accidents are difficult to prevent
正确答案： A解析：
本题是细节题。从文章第三段第三句“This is unfortunate because it’s easy to make the area safe from accidents”可知，我们可以很容易把浴室改造得更加安全，在这里摔跤太不幸了。B项“老人很少在浴室摔倒”，C项“扶手也不能避免摔倒”，D项“很难避免在浴室摔倒”，均与原文意思不符。正确答案为A。 -
第22题：
填空题The quick-growing exotic tree species are replanted in the deforested land because they can help prevent soil erosion.____正确答案： E解析：
根据题于信息“quick-growing exotic tree species”可以定位到E段“Replanting deforested land with quick-growing exotic tree species, like eucalyptus or Australian acacia, can help solve immediate problems such as soil erosion and elevated carbon levels.”，故匹配段落为E段。 -
第23题：
问答题Dental Health Decay is not the only disease that can cause tooth loss. Another serious disease affects the gums, the tissue that surrounds the teeth. It is also caused by bacteria. If the bacteria are not removed every day, they form a substance that stays on the teeth. The substance is known as plaque. At first, the gums appear to be swollen, and may bleed when the teeth are brushed. This can lead to serious infection of the tissue around the teeth. The infection may damage the bone that supports the teeth and cause tooth loss and other health problems. Studies have found that people with severe gum disease have an increased risk of developing heart disease, diabetes and stroke. Gum disease can be treated by a special dentist called a periodontist. Periodontists are trained to repair the gum areas that have been damaged. This can be painful and costly. Dental health experts say the best thing to do is to stop gum disease before it starts. The way to do this is to clean the teeth every day. People also should use dental floss to remove plaque from between the teeth. Most experts also agree that another way to prevent tooth and gum problems is to eat foods high in calcium and vitamins and low in sugar. Scientists continue to develop better dental treatments and equipment. Improved technology may change the way people receive dental treatment in the future. For example, dentists are now suing laser light to treat diseased gums and teeth. Dentists use computer technology to help them repair damaged teeth. Researchers have developed improved methods to repair bone that supports the teeth. And genetic research is expected to develop tests that will show the presence of disease causing bacteria in the mouth. Such increased knowledge about dental diseases and ways to prevent them has improved the health of many people. Yet problems remain in some areas. In industrial countries, minorities and other groups have a high level of untreated dental disease. In developing countries, many areas do not have even emergency care services. The World Health Organization says people in countries in Africa have the most tooth and gum problems. World Health Organization experts say the dental health situation is different for almost every country in the world. As a result, it has developed oral health programs separately for each area. The WHO oral health program is mainly for people living in poor areas. It provides them with information about mouth diseases and health care. It also studies preventive programs using fluoride in water, salt, mild and toothpaste. And it explores ways to include dental health in national health care systems. Many governments and other organizations provide help, so people can get needed dental health services. But dental health professionals say people should take good care of their teeth and gums. They say people should keep their teeth as clean as possible. They should eat foods high in calcium and fiber. These include milk products, whole grain breads and cereals, vegetables, fruits, beans and nuts. Recent studies have shown that eating nuts can help slow the production of plaque on the teeth. Experts say these activities will help everyone improve their dental health throughout their lives.正确答案： 【参考译文】
牙齿保健 龋齿并不是唯一一种能对牙齿造成伤害的疾病,还有一种疾病严重影响了牙齿周围的牙龈,它也是由于口腔细菌造成的。如果你不每天清除口腔内的细菌,它们就会在你的牙齿上形成一种叫做牙斑的物质。
起初,牙龈表现为肿胀,刷牙的时候会出血,并会导致牙周组织的严重感染。这种感染可能会伤及支撑牙齿的骨骼,然后造成牙齿脱落或产生其他健康问题。研究表明,严重牙周疾病患者比一般人更容易得心脏病、糖尿病和中风。
牙周病可由专门的牙周病医师来进行治疗。他们一般都接受过正规培训,能够修复牙龈周围受到破坏的部分。但是这一过程比较痛苦而且价格昂贵。牙齿保健专家认为,最好的办法就是提前杜绝牙周炎的发生,方法是每天清洁牙齿。人们可以使用牙线来清除牙齿间的牙斑。多数专家认为,我们还可以通过摄入富含钙及维生素,或是含糖量少的食物以防止牙齿及牙龈疾病的发生。
科学家们正在继续研发更好的牙齿保健及医疗工具。改进后的技术将来可能会改变人们接受牙科治疗的方法。例如,牙医们目前使用激光来治疗损坏的牙龈和牙齿,他们还使用了计算机技术帮助修复损坏的牙齿。研究人员已经找出了修复支撑牙齿的骨骼的方法。一项遗传研究即将展开,它将会证明口腔内存在造成口腔疾病的细菌。
不断增长的牙科疾病知识和预防方法改善了许多人的身体状况,但是在某些地方还存在一些问题。在工业化国家,许多少数民族和其他社会群体中存在数量较多的没有得到治疗的牙科疾病。在发展中国家,许多地区甚至没有紧急医疗中心。世界卫生组织声称,非洲人在牙齿和牙周方面存在更多的问题。
世界卫生组织的专家说,几乎每个国家的牙齿健康状况都不相同,其结果就是每个地方都有各自的口腔保健计划。
世界卫生组织的口腔保健计划主要是针对那些住在贫困地区的人们。该计划为人们提供有关口腔疾病和保健方面的信息,也研究出了多种预防方法,如在水、盐、牛奶和牙膏中添加氟化物。同时,它也探索了把牙齿健康纳入国家健康保健系统的方法。
在许多政府和其他组织提供的帮助下,人们能够得到所需的牙齿健康服务。但是牙齿健康专家表示,人们应该好好照顾自己的牙齿和牙龈。
他们说,人们应当尽量保持牙齿的清洁,并且应该多吃含钙和纤维丰富的食物。包括奶制品、全麦面包及谷类食物、蔬菜、水果、大豆和坚果。近期研究表明,食用坚果能够缓解牙斑的形成。
专家们认为,这些做法将帮助人们改善牙齿状况,使他们终身受益。解析： 暂无解析 -
第24题：
单选题What can be inferred from the passage?ALacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.
BThe older a woman is, the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.
CEarly love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.
DParents should help their children to be aware of the signs of depression.
正确答案： D解析：
根据末段最后一句“Love will always make us feel young, but only maturity (成熟) gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects”可知，女孩子年龄越大，越成熟越不容易因为失去自我而抑郁。