问答题Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time.

Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge.Individuals who fall too far behind in the（ ）of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later,no matter how hard they try.

A.control
B.mastery
C.search
D.pursuit

共用题干
Retirement Brings Most a Big Health Boost

The self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger,a new
European study suggests.
This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minority一only 2 percent一who had experi-
enced"ideal"conditions in their working life,anyway.
"The results really say three things:that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers,that
the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved by retirement and,finally,that both the extra burden and
the relief are larger when working conditions are poor,"said Hugo Westerlund,lead author of a study pub-
lished online Nov. 9 in The Lancet（柳叶刀）." This indicates that there is need to provide opportunities for
older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern for their health and well-being."
But of course,added Westerlund,who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at
Stockholm University in Sweden,"not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health.Many are indeed
remarkably healthy and fit for work.But sooner or later,everyone has to slow down because of old age catch-
ing up."
Last week,the same group of researchers reported that workers slept better after retirement than before.
"Sleep improves at retirement,which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception
of poor health,"Westerlund said.
This study looked at what the same 15,000 French workers,and most of them had to say about their own
health up to seven years pre-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement.
As participants got closer to retirement age,their perception of their own health declined,but went up
again during the first year of retirement.
Those who reported being in poorer health declined from 19.2 percent in the year prior to retirement to
14.3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers,that means post-retire-
ment levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously.
The changes were seen in both men and women,across different occupations,and lasted through the first
seven years of not punching the clock.
Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater improve-
ments as soon as they retired,the team found.

Older workers are generally as fit for work as younger workers.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Careers for Women

It is only seventy years since British women got the right to vote.Some people think this is the main reason why women are so under-represented in politics,trade unions and big businesses.Others feel it is simply because that they are much too busy doing other things.The old saying"a woman's place is in the home"may seem out of date to most people,but the old,fixed image of a woman as a supporting wife and caring mother is certainly still usual一one only has to watch a few television ads.
In 1975 the law did not allow women to be paid less than men doing the same work.Certainly it is usually the case nowadays that women doing the same jobs as men get the same money for doing it. But generally women do not do the same jobs:they do different ones that offer lower salaries.
In the United States,there are two million women entering the workforce every year. The new workers include all ages and backgrounds:teenagers,college students,young housewives,and older women who have lost their husbands.Altogether,more than half of the eighty-four million women in
the United States are now employed or seeking employment.Most of them are still holding tightly to the womanly jobs such as nursing,teaching,catering and office work jobs that can be seen as an extension of the mothering role.
Although the areas women work in are almost all those of"service",a growing number of pioneers are venturing into other fields. They run business;they manage farms;they become astronauts, carpenters,lawyers,truck or taxi-drivers,coal miners,or politicians.They join the army or the navy.So far no woman has become president of the country;but that might happen,as indeed it has happened in other countries.
Apart from looking after people during the day at work,women often have to take care of a family at home too,which may mean they have less energy to compete in the race for professional development. In almost every field,top positions are more likely to be filled by men. While most teachers are women,for example,most head masters are not.School cooks are women,head cooks are men and even cleaners tend to be watched over and directed by male caretakers.

Women are naturally less competitive than men in work since they are not as energetic as men.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Careers for Women

It is only seventy years since British women got the right to vote.Some people think this is the main reason why women are so under-represented in politics,trade unions and big businesses.Others feel it is simply because that they are much too busy doing other things.The old saying"a woman's place is in the home"may seem out of date to most people,but the old,fixed image of a woman as a supporting wife and caring mother is certainly still usual一one only has to watch a few television ads.
In 1975 the law did not allow women to be paid less than men doing the same work.Certainly it is usually the case nowadays that women doing the same jobs as men get the same money for doing it. But generally women do not do the same jobs:they do different ones that offer lower salaries.
In the United States,there are two million women entering the workforce every year. The new workers include all ages and backgrounds:teenagers,college students,young housewives,and older women who have lost their husbands.Altogether,more than half of the eighty-four million women in
the United States are now employed or seeking employment.Most of them are still holding tightly to the womanly jobs such as nursing,teaching,catering and office work jobs that can be seen as an extension of the mothering role.
Although the areas women work in are almost all those of"service",a growing number of pioneers are venturing into other fields. They run business;they manage farms;they become astronauts, carpenters,lawyers,truck or taxi-drivers,coal miners,or politicians.They join the army or the navy.So far no woman has become president of the country;but that might happen,as indeed it has happened in other countries.
Apart from looking after people during the day at work,women often have to take care of a family at home too,which may mean they have less energy to compete in the race for professional development. In almost every field,top positions are more likely to be filled by men. While most teachers are women,for example,most head masters are not.School cooks are women,head cooks are men and even cleaners tend to be watched over and directed by male caretakers.

Women usually get the same money as men do for doing the same jobs.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Early or Later Day Care The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental sepa-ration it entails,and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant a-lone—far from it .Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread to-day if parents,care—takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicat-ed and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possi- bility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut,though experience and available evi- dence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?
A: Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.
B: A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.
C: Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.
D: Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.

共用题干
Retirement Brings Most a Big Health Boost

The self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger,a new
European study suggests.
This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minority一only 2 percent一who had experi-
enced"ideal"conditions in their working life,anyway.
"The results really say three things:that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers,that
the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved by retirement and,finally,that both the extra burden and
the relief are larger when working conditions are poor,"said Hugo Westerlund,lead author of a study pub-
lished online Nov. 9 in The Lancet（柳叶刀）." This indicates that there is need to provide opportunities for
older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern for their health and well-being."
But of course,added Westerlund,who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at
Stockholm University in Sweden,"not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health.Many are indeed
remarkably healthy and fit for work.But sooner or later,everyone has to slow down because of old age catch-
ing up."
Last week,the same group of researchers reported that workers slept better after retirement than before.
"Sleep improves at retirement,which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception
of poor health,"Westerlund said.
This study looked at what the same 15,000 French workers,and most of them had to say about their own
health up to seven years pre-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement.
As participants got closer to retirement age,their perception of their own health declined,but went up
again during the first year of retirement.
Those who reported being in poorer health declined from 19.2 percent in the year prior to retirement to
14.3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers,that means post-retire-
ment levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously.
The changes were seen in both men and women,across different occupations,and lasted through the first
seven years of not punching the clock.
Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater improve-
ments as soon as they retired,the team found.

Older workers usually get on very well with younger workers.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowiby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment"period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails,and many people do believe this.But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it.Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents,care-takers found children had problems with it.Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development.But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possibility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

Which of the following is derivable from Bowiby's work?
A:Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.
B:Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.
C:A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.
D:Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.

共用题干
Careers for Women

It is only seventy years since British women got the right to vote.Some people think this is the main reason why women are so under-represented in politics,trade unions and big businesses.Others feel it is simply because that they are much too busy doing other things.The old saying"a woman's place is in the home"may seem out of date to most people,but the old,fixed image of a woman as a supporting wife and caring mother is certainly still usual一one only has to watch a few television ads.
In 1975 the law did not allow women to be paid less than men doing the same work.Certainly it is usually the case nowadays that women doing the same jobs as men get the same money for doing it. But generally women do not do the same jobs:they do different ones that offer lower salaries.
In the United States,there are two million women entering the workforce every year. The new workers include all ages and backgrounds:teenagers,college students,young housewives,and older women who have lost their husbands.Altogether,more than half of the eighty-four million women in
the United States are now employed or seeking employment.Most of them are still holding tightly to the womanly jobs such as nursing,teaching,catering and office work jobs that can be seen as an extension of the mothering role.
Although the areas women work in are almost all those of"service",a growing number of pioneers are venturing into other fields. They run business;they manage farms;they become astronauts, carpenters,lawyers,truck or taxi-drivers,coal miners,or politicians.They join the army or the navy.So far no woman has become president of the country;but that might happen,as indeed it has happened in other countries.
Apart from looking after people during the day at work,women often have to take care of a family at home too,which may mean they have less energy to compete in the race for professional development. In almost every field,top positions are more likely to be filled by men. While most teachers are women,for example,most head masters are not.School cooks are women,head cooks are men and even cleaners tend to be watched over and directed by male caretakers.

Decades ago women were too busy to get involved in social affairs.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned