问答题Passage 1 The human race is using up the Earth's resources faster than ever before, according to a new report by the United Nations Population Fund. “Environmental devastation is not simply a waste of 1, it is a threat to the complex structures that 2
题目
问答题
Passage 1 The human race is using up the Earth's resources faster than ever before, according to a new report by the United Nations Population Fund. “Environmental devastation is not simply a waste of 1, it is a threat to the complex structures that 2human development,” says the report. 3 attention must be paid to find a（n） 4 between human and environmental needs, it says. The report, State of the World Population 2001, says that water supplies and agricultural lands are coming 5 such increasing pressure that, if left 6 , our planet will not be able to support us in future years. Over the past 70 years, the world’s population has tripled to 6.1 billion people, 7 water-use increasing six-fold, says the report. Already 508 million people live in 31 countries that lack water. And the problem is likely to 8 as the global population is 9 to rise to eight billion by 2025. By 2050, predicts the report, 4.2 billion people will be living in countries that cannot meet people's daily 10 needs. Unclean water and poor sanitation already kills over 12 million people every year. Food production is also 11 by environmental problems, says the report. “To 12 the future population and improve their diets, the world will have to double food production,” it says. “But since available cropland is 13 , most production will have to come from higher 14 rather than new 15 .” According to the report, global poverty cannot be 16 without 17 the environmental damage caused by these increases in consumption and population 18 . To reduce the burden on the planet, the report suggests, all efforts should be 19 to improve education and healthcare, as this would 20 reduce population growth.1. A. facilities B. resources C. reserves D. provisions2. A. support B. found C. retain D. advocate3. A. Intensive B. Intense C. Emergent D. Urgent4. A. equation B. tradeoff C. balance D. axis5. A. under B. into C. below D. beyond6. A. unnoticed B. behind C. alone D. unchecked7. A. in B. with C. by D. above8. A. aggravate B. heighten C. decline D. worsen9. A. projected B. speculated C. intended D. assessed10. A. luxurious B. utmost C. intrinsic D. basic11. A. affected B. effected C. reflected D. generated12. A. contain B. lodge C. furnish D. accommodate13. A. shrinking B. diminishing C. contracting D. waning14. A. outputs B. turnovers C. yields D. harvests15. A. cultivation B. production C. farming D. plowing16. A. lightened B. released C. elevated D. alleviated17. A. reversing B. inverting C. upsetting D. disregarding18. A. standards B. indexes C. norms D. levels19. A. tried B. taken C. done D. made20. A. in effect B. in turn C. in part D. by turns
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参考答案和解析
正确答案：
1.B 文章首句提到人类正在用光地球上的资源,根据文章主题可选resources。facilities“设备,设施”。reserve“储量;储备金”。provision“条款;供应品”。
2.A that引导的定语从句修饰structures。选项中support最为合适。found“成立,建立”。retain“保持,保留”。advocate“提倡”。
3.D 后文的must be paid提示这一情况很紧急,此处选urgent“紧急的,急迫的”。intensive“集中的;加强的”。intense“强烈的;紧张的”。emergent“意外的,紧急的”。
4.C 文章主题是人类正在用光地球资源,因此为了解决这种问题,只能在between human and environmental needs(在人类和环境的需要之间)找到两者之间的平衡,选balance。equation“等式”。tradeoff“权衡”。axis“轴线”。
5.A under pressure“在压力下”。
6.D 句意:…如果不管的话,我们的星球在未来将不能供养我们。unchecked“未加抑制的”,符合文意。unnoticed“未被注意的”。left behind“留下”。left alone“不干涉,不管”。
7.B with sb./sth.+现在分词表示伴随情况。
8.D 后文提到global population is … to rise to eight billion,意思是全球人口还将继续上升。文中指出已经有很多人生活在缺水的地方,如果人口增多,势必会加重这种情况。worsen“恶化,变得更坏”,符合句意。aggravate“加重,使恶化”为及物动词。heighten“提高,增强”。decline“下降;衰退”。
9.A by 2025提示这里是对将来的一种推断。project和speculate都有“预计,推测”的含义,但speculate强调推理过程,指考虑或谈论某事而前提不确定或不完整,只是凭空猜想或仅凭推理,其结论往往具有假设性或理论性。因此本题答案是project。intend“想要,打算”。assess“评定,估价”。
10.D water, sanitation, food都是日常生活的基本需要,选basic,其他选项不合文意。luxurious“奢华的”。utmost“极度的”。intrinsic“本质的,固有的”。
11.A 由下文关于粮食生产的解释说明可以看出粮食生产也会受到环境问题的影响,本题选affect。effect作及物动词时意为“产生,招致”。reflect“反射;思考”。generate“产生,使形成”。
12.D to引导的不定式结构常表示目的,即为了 将来的人口并提高他们的。后面的the world will have to double food production就是为了达到该目的而采取的首段,结合选项,accommodate“供应”,符合文意。contain“包括”,强调包容。lodge“寄存,借住”。furnish“提供”,其用法为furnish sb. with sth.。
13.A 结合选项可知文中的意思是:可耕地的面积在减小。选项中单词都有“变小;收缩”的意思,但用法各异。shrink指长度、范围、容积等的收缩或变小。diminish侧重大小、数量和重要性的不断减小,强调减小的部分。contract指一物体由于某种原因或使用某种方法而使其体积由大变小或由长变短。wane强调的是“衰弱,衰退”。综合分析,shrink最合适。
14.C 增加粮食产出通常包括增加土地产量和增加耕地面积两种方式,文中提到rather than new cultivation(不是通过新的耕地),那么应是通过提高土地产量来实现。表示农作物的产量用yield,其他选项不合文意。output多用于工业生产中。turnover“营业额”。harvest“产量”,常与good或poor搭配。
15.A 根据文意,产量不是来自对新土地的开垦,因此选A项cultivation“耕作,种植”。production“生产”。farm“种田”。plow“耕地,犁地”。
16.D “缓解贫困”用alleviate poverty表示。lighten“使轻松”。release“释放”。elevate“提升;举起”。
17.A reverse意为“倒转,逆转”,其他选项不合文意。invert“倒置,颠倒”。upset“打翻,推翻”。disregard“不顾,不管”。
18.D 该处的意思是:消费和人口 的增长。结合选项,level最符合文意。standard指事先制定出来的一种或一套客观、公正的规则。index“指数,指标”。norm“规范;基准”。
19.D make efforts to do“努力做某事”。
20.B in turn“反过来”。句意:应该努力提高教育和医疗水平,因为这些反过来会降低人口增长。in effect“生效;实际上”。in part“部分地”。by turns“轮流,交替”。
2.A that引导的定语从句修饰structures。选项中support最为合适。found“成立,建立”。retain“保持,保留”。advocate“提倡”。
3.D 后文的must be paid提示这一情况很紧急,此处选urgent“紧急的,急迫的”。intensive“集中的;加强的”。intense“强烈的;紧张的”。emergent“意外的,紧急的”。
4.C 文章主题是人类正在用光地球资源,因此为了解决这种问题,只能在between human and environmental needs(在人类和环境的需要之间)找到两者之间的平衡,选balance。equation“等式”。tradeoff“权衡”。axis“轴线”。
5.A under pressure“在压力下”。
6.D 句意:…如果不管的话,我们的星球在未来将不能供养我们。unchecked“未加抑制的”,符合文意。unnoticed“未被注意的”。left behind“留下”。left alone“不干涉,不管”。
7.B with sb./sth.+现在分词表示伴随情况。
8.D 后文提到global population is … to rise to eight billion,意思是全球人口还将继续上升。文中指出已经有很多人生活在缺水的地方,如果人口增多,势必会加重这种情况。worsen“恶化,变得更坏”,符合句意。aggravate“加重,使恶化”为及物动词。heighten“提高,增强”。decline“下降;衰退”。
9.A by 2025提示这里是对将来的一种推断。project和speculate都有“预计,推测”的含义,但speculate强调推理过程,指考虑或谈论某事而前提不确定或不完整,只是凭空猜想或仅凭推理,其结论往往具有假设性或理论性。因此本题答案是project。intend“想要,打算”。assess“评定,估价”。
10.D water, sanitation, food都是日常生活的基本需要,选basic,其他选项不合文意。luxurious“奢华的”。utmost“极度的”。intrinsic“本质的,固有的”。
11.A 由下文关于粮食生产的解释说明可以看出粮食生产也会受到环境问题的影响,本题选affect。effect作及物动词时意为“产生,招致”。reflect“反射;思考”。generate“产生,使形成”。
12.D to引导的不定式结构常表示目的,即为了 将来的人口并提高他们的。后面的the world will have to double food production就是为了达到该目的而采取的首段,结合选项,accommodate“供应”,符合文意。contain“包括”,强调包容。lodge“寄存,借住”。furnish“提供”,其用法为furnish sb. with sth.。
13.A 结合选项可知文中的意思是:可耕地的面积在减小。选项中单词都有“变小;收缩”的意思,但用法各异。shrink指长度、范围、容积等的收缩或变小。diminish侧重大小、数量和重要性的不断减小,强调减小的部分。contract指一物体由于某种原因或使用某种方法而使其体积由大变小或由长变短。wane强调的是“衰弱,衰退”。综合分析,shrink最合适。
14.C 增加粮食产出通常包括增加土地产量和增加耕地面积两种方式,文中提到rather than new cultivation(不是通过新的耕地),那么应是通过提高土地产量来实现。表示农作物的产量用yield,其他选项不合文意。output多用于工业生产中。turnover“营业额”。harvest“产量”,常与good或poor搭配。
15.A 根据文意,产量不是来自对新土地的开垦,因此选A项cultivation“耕作,种植”。production“生产”。farm“种田”。plow“耕地,犁地”。
16.D “缓解贫困”用alleviate poverty表示。lighten“使轻松”。release“释放”。elevate“提升;举起”。
17.A reverse意为“倒转,逆转”,其他选项不合文意。invert“倒置,颠倒”。upset“打翻,推翻”。disregard“不顾,不管”。
18.D 该处的意思是:消费和人口 的增长。结合选项,level最符合文意。standard指事先制定出来的一种或一套客观、公正的规则。index“指数,指标”。norm“规范;基准”。
19.D make efforts to do“努力做某事”。
20.B in turn“反过来”。句意:应该努力提高教育和医疗水平,因为这些反过来会降低人口增长。in effect“生效;实际上”。in part“部分地”。by turns“轮流,交替”。
解析：
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更多“问答题Passage 1 The human race is using up the Earth's resources faster than ever before, according to a new report by the United Nations Population Fund. “Environmental devastation is not simply a waste of 1, it is a threat to the complex structures that 2”相关问题
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第1题：
Passage 2
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are completely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms, which can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in conditions similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceships will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but before man can set foot on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for men to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
On Venus there is a lot of__________.A. water
B. carbon dioxide
C. carbon monoxide
D. oxygen答案：B解析：由第--f&的最后一句话中的“there is only a tiny amount ofwater there(Venus)”得知，A选项错误。第三段结尾说明，藻类通过火箭运往金星，然后“In a fairly short time，the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon”.说明金星上有大量的二氧化碳。C和D选项错误。故选B。 -
第2题：
Passage 2
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are completely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms, which can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in conditions similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceships will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but before man can set foot on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for men to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
CarlSagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because__________.A. it might be possible to change its atmosphere
B. its atmosphere is the same as the earth's
C. there is a good supply of water on Venus
D. the days on Venus are long enough答案：A解析：由第二段第一句中的“itwill be possible to change the atmosphere ofVenus and so create a new worl d”可知.so是表示因果的连接词，前因后果，所以正确答案A。 -
第3题：
Passage 2
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are completely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms, which can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in conditions similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceships will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but before man can set foot on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for men to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
CarlSagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because__________.
查看材料A．it might be possible to change its atmosphere
B．its atmosphere is the same as the earth's
C．there is a good supply of water on Venus
D．the days on Venus are long enough答案：A解析：由第二段第一句中的“itwill be possible to change the atmosphere ofVenus and so create a new worl d”可知．so是表示因果的连接词，前因后果，所以正确答案A。 -
第4题：
根据下列内容，回答196-200题。
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually notbe enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if presenttrends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scien-tists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make itnecessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solarsystem are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,
has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are completely exhausted it will be possible tochange the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The dif-ficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms, which can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres andat the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in conditions similar to those on Venus. As soonas this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceships will then fly to Venusand fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the car-bon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but before mancan set foot on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planetwill still be too hot for men to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years some-thing like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
In the long run, the most difficult problem caused by population growth on earth willprobably be the lack of __________.A.food
B.oil
C.space
D.resources答案：C解析：由第一段可知，如果人口按照目前速度持续膨胀的话，地球上最终会缺乏资源来维持这么多的生命。即使科学家发明出替代资源。拥挤的人口也使我们不得不到其他星球寻找生存空间。但是目前太阳系还没有发现能维持生命的行星。因此和缺乏资源相比，缺乏生存空间才是最令人担忧、最难解决的问题。所以正确答案为C。 -
第5题：
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.water
b.carbon dioxide
c.carbon monoxide
d.oxygen答案：B解析： -
第6题：
共用题干
On May 1,2006,New York's Empire State Building celebrated its 75th birthday.When it was built in 1931 it was over 61 m taller than its nearest rival,the Chrysler Building,and at 381m remained the tallest in the world for 41 years,until the World Trade Center was completed in 1972- 1973.The story of the Empire State Building begins with two men's race to build the highest man-made structure in the world.
In 1889 the central feature of the World's Fair in Pairs was Gustav Eiffel's massive tower,constructed with wrought iron,and standing 300m high.Architects in the United States viewed this as something of a challenge,and by the early 20th century the race was on to erect taller buildings than ever before.Soon skyscrapers were springing up along the New York sky-line.In 1928 the founder of the Chrysler Corporation,Walter Chrysler,announced the building of a huge new skyscraper,taller than anything so far constructed in New York.It soon became clear that the new building was part of Chrysler's aim to challenge the motoring giant General Motors.So John Jakob Raskob,of General Motors,decided to race Chrysler to the top.The final height of Chrysler's building was kept secret until it was completed,so Raskob instructed his architects to construct the highest tower they could.Their architectural plans had to be modified as the Chrysler Building grew ever higher,but when it topped 77 stories the Empire State Building team knew that they could beat it.
No building project has yet exceeded the Empire State Building's record for speed of construclion.From the beginning of construction in March 1930 it took 410 days and approximately 7 million man-hours to build.It rose at an astonishing speed of 4.5 stories per week,thanks to careful planning and quality of work.The building was officially opened on May 1,1931,by President Hoover.The Architects in the United States viewed the Eiffel towel as something of a challenge,and decided to build something taller.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：文章第一段告诉我们，帝国大厦有381米高，比克莱斯勒大厦高61米。因此克莱斯勒大厦大约有320米高，这句话是正确的。
第一段提到在世贸大厦建成之前，帝国大厦一直是最高的。所以本句的表述是错误的。
文章第二段提到“美国的建筑师见到埃菲尔铁塔就觉得这是一种挑战，于是20世纪早期一场建造史上最高建筑的比赛开始了”，因此该句的表述是正确的。
文章中仅仅提到克莱斯勒公司建成了克莱斯勒大厦，通用汽车公司建成了帝国大厦，并没有提及世贸大厦是谁建成的。因此选项C是正确的。
文章第二段告诉我们帝国大厦是通用汽车公司为了与克莱斯勒公司竞争而建成的，因此本句表述是正确的。
第一三段第二句作者告诉我们整个工程前后耗时410天，因此该句表述是错误的。
文章并未提及美国9 ·11恐怖袭击事件对帝国大厦的影响，因此选项C 是正确的。 -
第7题：
共用题干
第二篇
Human and the Earth
In terms of the evolution of life on Earth,human beings have just arrived.Despite their shori time on Earth,however,people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planet一changes far out of proportion to the interval of time they have occupied it.
People have more control over their surroundings than any other species on Earth.With the combination of intelligence and manual skill(allowing us to make and use tools),people have found ways to use plant and animal resources,mineral ores,fuels,and many other materials and resources from the Earth.
As the number of people on Earth increases,it becomes increasingly difficult for the population to survive on the resources of the land.The amount of land is limited.Although agricultural production can be increased by use of machinery such as tractors and the addition of fertilizer,the land ultimately can produce only so much food and no more.
As the human population grows,people consume more.Clearly,some locations on Earth already have too many people;in many of these areas,future increases will surely bring about more poverty and suffering. Yet people in rich nations use proportionally far more of the available resources than people in poorer nations.As they consume these resources without restraint,they also waste large amounts of them.
People are only a very small fraction of all the living things on the planet.Yet their numbers create a drain on resources that can't be renewed.For example,the amount of water on Earth is limited,this water is cleaned through natural processes.However,the natural processes for filtering water can clean only a certain amount of water by removing the pollution.Likewise,a limited amount of petroleum can be found under the Earth's surface.Petroleum is a valuable resource.Should people use it up to manufacture petrol for automobiles?As people work to control the planet and make life comfortable,are they using up resources that are needed for their survival?in terms of the evolution of life on Earth,the history of human beings is_______.
A:very short
B:very long
C:as long as that of other animals
D:as long as that of the Earth答案：A解析：文章第一段第一句话提到“就地球上生命的进化而言，人类是姗姗来迟者”，因此比较而言，人类的历史并不长。选项A是正确的。
从文章第二段第二句话“With the combination of intelligence and manual skill...”我们知道选项A和B都是正确的，因此选择D项。
文章第三段提到，土地的总量是有限的。虽然使用拖拉机等机械和施用化肥可以提高农业产量，但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多，不会再增加。因此只有选项C是正确的。
文章第四段第三句说富裕国家的人们所使用的能源在比例上远远大于贫穷国家的人们。选项C中提到的“发达国家的人们”最符合题意。
根据文章最后一段关于资源的描述我们可以发现选项A、B、C都是正确的，只有选项D的表述错误，因此选择D项。 -
第8题：
共用题干
第二篇
Human and the Earth
In terms of the evolution of life on Earth,human beings have just arrived.Despite their shori time on Earth,however,people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planet一changes far out of proportion to the interval of time they have occupied it.
People have more control over their surroundings than any other species on Earth.With the combination of intelligence and manual skill(allowing us to make and use tools),people have found ways to use plant and animal resources,mineral ores,fuels,and many other materials and resources from the Earth.
As the number of people on Earth increases,it becomes increasingly difficult for the population to survive on the resources of the land.The amount of land is limited.Although agricultural production can be increased by use of machinery such as tractors and the addition of fertilizer,the land ultimately can produce only so much food and no more.
As the human population grows,people consume more.Clearly,some locations on Earth already have too many people;in many of these areas,future increases will surely bring about more poverty and suffering. Yet people in rich nations use proportionally far more of the available resources than people in poorer nations.As they consume these resources without restraint,they also waste large amounts of them.
People are only a very small fraction of all the living things on the planet.Yet their numbers create a drain on resources that can't be renewed.For example,the amount of water on Earth is limited,this water is cleaned through natural processes.However,the natural processes for filtering water can clean only a certain amount of water by removing the pollution.Likewise,a limited amount of petroleum can be found under the Earth's surface.Petroleum is a valuable resource.Should people use it up to manufacture petrol for automobiles?As people work to control the planet and make life comfortable,are they using up resources that are needed for their survival?What makes people feel hard to live on Earth?
A:Fertilizer.
B:Lse of machinery.
C:Limited land.
D:Limited mineral resources.答案：C解析：文章第一段第一句话提到“就地球上生命的进化而言，人类是姗姗来迟者”，因此比较而言，人类的历史并不长。选项A是正确的。
从文章第二段第二句话“With the combination of intelligence and manual skill...”我们知道选项A和B都是正确的，因此选择D项。
文章第三段提到，土地的总量是有限的。虽然使用拖拉机等机械和施用化肥可以提高农业产量，但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多，不会再增加。因此只有选项C是正确的。
文章第四段第三句说富裕国家的人们所使用的能源在比例上远远大于贫穷国家的人们。选项C中提到的“发达国家的人们”最符合题意。
根据文章最后一段关于资源的描述我们可以发现选项A、B、C都是正确的，只有选项D的表述错误，因此选择D项。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Urbanization and Its Influence
Over half the world's people now live in cities.The latest"Global Report on Human Settlements"says a significant change took place last year. The report________(51)this week from U.N.Habitat,a United Nations agency.
A century ago,________(52)than five percent of all people lived in cities.________(53) the middle of this century it could be seventy percent,or ________(54)six and a half billion people.
Already three一fourths of people in________(55)countries live in cities.Now most urban population________(56)is in the developing world.
Urbanization can lead to social and economic progress,but also put________(57)on cities to provide housing and________(58).The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move________(59)cities and towns each day.It says worsening inequalities,________(60)by social divisions and differences in________(61),could result in violence and crime unless cities plan better.
Another issue is urban sprawl（无序扩展的城区）.This is where cities _________ (62) quickly into rural areas,sometimes________(63)a much faster rate than urban population growth.
Sprawl is common in the United States. Americans move a lot.In a recent study,Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the________(64)cities to smaller ones.He sees a________(65)toward"de-urbanization"across the nation._________(54)
A: really
B: ever
C: barely
D: almost答案：D解析：come out：出版、发表；come on：开始、接着来；come over：过来、顺便来访；come off：结果、脱落。这里指发表报告。所以选D。
这句话的意思是：一个世纪前，世界人口应该是非常少。所以选less，即少于5％。
along:沿着；through：通过、穿过。表示时间的节点用by。“by the middleof this century”，意思是“到本世纪中叶”。
barely：几乎不、几乎没有。表示大约的人口数，用“almost”，差不多。
前面应该是和后面的比较，后面用“developing world”，所以此处填“ developed” .flourishing:繁荣的、茂盛的；thriving：旺盛的、蒸蒸日上的；fertile：肥沃的、富饶的、多产的。
从上下文判断，这里指城市人口的增加。extension：扩展；raise：上升、加薪，它不和population搭配使用。addition：添加、增加，不可用来修饰人口，所以选growth。
“put pressure on”是固定搭配，表示“给压力”； restraint：约束、抑制；load: 承载，负荷；weight：重量。
此处指提供住所和服务，即service。 surroundings：环境、生活环境；con-Zerns：关注、关心；communities：社区、团体。
此处意思是“迁入城市”, move into是正确的搭配。around：围绕、环绕。
这句话的意思是：“受社会财富的分配和差异的驱使，社会变得越来越不公平。”所以用driven，和后面的“by”构成被动语态。pressed：重压；drawn：吸引；pulled:拖、拉。
此处指社会财富的不均。社会财富的正确搭配是“social wealth ”。 situation：情景；treasure:财宝、珍宝；category：分类、范畴。
本句话的意思是：“城市的扩张”，用expand，洽当。invade：入侵、侵略； split：分裂；enlarge：扩大、放大。
表示速度用“at the rate”。 beyond：超过、超越。
在逆城市化的进程中，人们从大城市搬往小城市，4个单词中只有“major” 表示“重要的、大的”意思。essential：基本的、本质的；primitive：原始的、粗糙的；prior和to搭配，表示“在……之前”。
此处是一种“de-urbanization”的发展趋势，trend意思正确。direction：指示、方向； style：风格。 -
第10题：
单选题Passage 2 indicates that Costanza himself considers the true value of the world's ecosys- tems to be ______.Aa subject more for psychologists than economists
Bimpossible to determine
Clikely greater than his estimate
Dindependent of the value of human emotions
Eroughly equal to the value of the gross national product of the United States1
正确答案： D解析：
这篇文章中提到Costanza保守地将成本定为33万亿美元，这表明Costanza认为这是个低估。 -
第11题：
单选题According to the passage, which of the following is true of the last hundred years?AFossil fuels were burned for the first time.
BGreater amounts of land were cleared than at any time before.
CThe average temperature at the Earth’s surface has become 2℃ cooler.
DThe amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased measurably.
正确答案： D解析：
文中第二段第二句表明，过去100年间，矿物燃料的燃烧和森林的砍伐使大气中二氧化碳的含量增加了大约15%，而且我们不断地向大气中排放二氧化碳，由此可以推断，A、B两项表述均不准确；由于大气中的二氧化碳在不断增加，因此地表温度只会升高，而不是降低，C项错误；因此只有D项符合文章大意。 -
第12题：
单选题According to the passage, American electronic waste is exported to other countries because these countries have______.Athe resources and more space to process the e-waste
Bless strictly enforced environmental safety standards
Ca lot of skilled e-waste workers
Dmany computer recycling businesses
正确答案： C解析： -
第13题：
Passage 2
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are completely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms, which can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in conditions similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceships will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but before man can set foot on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for men to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
Man can eventually land on Venus only when__________.A. the algae have done their work
B. the atmosphere becomes cooler
C. there is oxygen
D. it rains there答案：D解析：由最后一段中“before man can set foot on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain”可知，只有金星上有降雨，人类才最终有可能在上面着陆。所以正确答案为D。 -
第14题：
Passage 2
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are completely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms, which can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in conditions similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceships will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but before man can set foot on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for men to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
In the long run, the most difficult problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of__________.
查看材料A．food
B．oil
C．space
D．resources答案：C解析：由第一段可知，如果人口按照目前速度持续膨胀的话，地球上最终会缺乏资源来维持这么多的生命。即使科学家发明出替代资源，拥挤的人口也使我们不得不到其他星球寻找生存空间。但是目前太阳系还没有发现能维持生命的行星。因此和缺乏资源相比，缺乏生存空间才是最令人担忧、最难解决的问题。所以正确答案为C。 -
第15题：
With the introduction of（ ）technology,information flows faster than it ever did.A.involved
B.complicated
C.sophisticated
D.complex答案：A解析：这一组词均含“复杂的”之意。C.sophisticated的复杂，侧重点在精密、先进，也就是我们所谓的高、精、尖。D.complex的复杂含有使人糊涂之意；B.complicated理论上要比complex还复杂，但不包括confusing的内涵；A.involved源自其动词involve，指因牵扯面广而引起的复杂，带有我们说的盘根错节的意味。 -
第16题：
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.food
b.oil
c.space
d.resources答案：C解析： -
第17题：
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphere
b.its atmosphere is the same as the earth's
c.there is a good supply of water on Venus
d.the days on Venus are long enough答案：A解析： -
第18题：
共用题干
第二篇
Human and the Earth
In terms of the evolution of life on Earth,human beings have just arrived.Despite their shori time on Earth,however,people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planet一changes far out of proportion to the interval of time they have occupied it.
People have more control over their surroundings than any other species on Earth.With the combination of intelligence and manual skill(allowing us to make and use tools),people have found ways to use plant and animal resources,mineral ores,fuels,and many other materials and resources from the Earth.
As the number of people on Earth increases,it becomes increasingly difficult for the population to survive on the resources of the land.The amount of land is limited.Although agricultural production can be increased by use of machinery such as tractors and the addition of fertilizer,the land ultimately can produce only so much food and no more.
As the human population grows,people consume more.Clearly,some locations on Earth already have too many people;in many of these areas,future increases will surely bring about more poverty and suffering. Yet people in rich nations use proportionally far more of the available resources than people in poorer nations.As they consume these resources without restraint,they also waste large amounts of them.
People are only a very small fraction of all the living things on the planet.Yet their numbers create a drain on resources that can't be renewed.For example,the amount of water on Earth is limited,this water is cleaned through natural processes.However,the natural processes for filtering water can clean only a certain amount of water by removing the pollution.Likewise,a limited amount of petroleum can be found under the Earth's surface.Petroleum is a valuable resource.Should people use it up to manufacture petrol for automobiles?As people work to control the planet and make life comfortable,are they using up resources that are needed for their survival?Why have people more control over their surroundings than any other species on Earth?
A:Because of their intelligence and manual skill.
B:Because they can use plant and animal resources,mineral ores and fuels.
C:Because they are cleverer than any other animals on Earth.
D:Both A and B.答案：D解析：文章第一段第一句话提到“就地球上生命的进化而言，人类是姗姗来迟者”，因此比较而言，人类的历史并不长。选项A是正确的。
从文章第二段第二句话“With the combination of intelligence and manual skill...”我们知道选项A和B都是正确的，因此选择D项。
文章第三段提到，土地的总量是有限的。虽然使用拖拉机等机械和施用化肥可以提高农业产量，但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多，不会再增加。因此只有选项C是正确的。
文章第四段第三句说富裕国家的人们所使用的能源在比例上远远大于贫穷国家的人们。选项C中提到的“发达国家的人们”最符合题意。
根据文章最后一段关于资源的描述我们可以发现选项A、B、C都是正确的，只有选项D的表述错误，因此选择D项。 -
第19题：
共用题干
第二篇
Human and the Earth
In terms of the evolution of life on Earth,human beings have just arrived.Despite their shori time on Earth,however,people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planet一changes far out of proportion to the interval of time they have occupied it.
People have more control over their surroundings than any other species on Earth.With the combination of intelligence and manual skill(allowing us to make and use tools),people have found ways to use plant and animal resources,mineral ores,fuels,and many other materials and resources from the Earth.
As the number of people on Earth increases,it becomes increasingly difficult for the population to survive on the resources of the land.The amount of land is limited.Although agricultural production can be increased by use of machinery such as tractors and the addition of fertilizer,the land ultimately can produce only so much food and no more.
As the human population grows,people consume more.Clearly,some locations on Earth already have too many people;in many of these areas,future increases will surely bring about more poverty and suffering. Yet people in rich nations use proportionally far more of the available resources than people in poorer nations.As they consume these resources without restraint,they also waste large amounts of them.
People are only a very small fraction of all the living things on the planet.Yet their numbers create a drain on resources that can't be renewed.For example,the amount of water on Earth is limited,this water is cleaned through natural processes.However,the natural processes for filtering water can clean only a certain amount of water by removing the pollution.Likewise,a limited amount of petroleum can be found under the Earth's surface.Petroleum is a valuable resource.Should people use it up to manufacture petrol for automobiles?As people work to control the planet and make life comfortable,are they using up resources that are needed for their survival?Which of the following statements about resources on Earth is not correct?
A:They can not be renewed.
B:Water is a kind of resource which can not be renewed.
C:Some of the resources are valuable.
D:Many resources can be recycled so we don't need to worry about them.答案：D解析：文章第一段第一句话提到“就地球上生命的进化而言，人类是姗姗来迟者”，因此比较而言，人类的历史并不长。选项A是正确的。
从文章第二段第二句话“With the combination of intelligence and manual skill...”我们知道选项A和B都是正确的，因此选择D项。
文章第三段提到，土地的总量是有限的。虽然使用拖拉机等机械和施用化肥可以提高农业产量，但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多，不会再增加。因此只有选项C是正确的。
文章第四段第三句说富裕国家的人们所使用的能源在比例上远远大于贫穷国家的人们。选项C中提到的“发达国家的人们”最符合题意。
根据文章最后一段关于资源的描述我们可以发现选项A、B、C都是正确的，只有选项D的表述错误，因此选择D项。 -
第20题：
共用题干
第二篇
Human and the Earth
In terms of the evolution of life on Earth,human beings have just arrived.Despite their shori time on Earth,however,people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planet一changes far out of proportion to the interval of time they have occupied it.
People have more control over their surroundings than any other species on Earth.With the combination of intelligence and manual skill(allowing us to make and use tools),people have found ways to use plant and animal resources,mineral ores,fuels,and many other materials and resources from the Earth.
As the number of people on Earth increases,it becomes increasingly difficult for the population to survive on the resources of the land.The amount of land is limited.Although agricultural production can be increased by use of machinery such as tractors and the addition of fertilizer,the land ultimately can produce only so much food and no more.
As the human population grows,people consume more.Clearly,some locations on Earth already have too many people;in many of these areas,future increases will surely bring about more poverty and suffering. Yet people in rich nations use proportionally far more of the available resources than people in poorer nations.As they consume these resources without restraint,they also waste large amounts of them.
People are only a very small fraction of all the living things on the planet.Yet their numbers create a drain on resources that can't be renewed.For example,the amount of water on Earth is limited,this water is cleaned through natural processes.However,the natural processes for filtering water can clean only a certain amount of water by removing the pollution.Likewise,a limited amount of petroleum can be found under the Earth's surface.Petroleum is a valuable resource.Should people use it up to manufacture petrol for automobiles?As people work to control the planet and make life comfortable,are they using up resources that are needed for their survival?Who use more available resources according to the passage?
A:Rich people on Earth.
B:Poor people on Earth.
C:People in developed countries.
D:People in developing countries.答案：C解析：文章第一段第一句话提到“就地球上生命的进化而言，人类是姗姗来迟者”，因此比较而言，人类的历史并不长。选项A是正确的。
从文章第二段第二句话“With the combination of intelligence and manual skill...”我们知道选项A和B都是正确的，因此选择D项。
文章第三段提到，土地的总量是有限的。虽然使用拖拉机等机械和施用化肥可以提高农业产量，但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多，不会再增加。因此只有选项C是正确的。
文章第四段第三句说富裕国家的人们所使用的能源在比例上远远大于贫穷国家的人们。选项C中提到的“发达国家的人们”最符合题意。
根据文章最后一段关于资源的描述我们可以发现选项A、B、C都是正确的，只有选项D的表述错误，因此选择D项。 -
第21题：
单选题What has the United Nations made up its mind to do from the passage?ASet an Earth Protecting Day
BProtect and love the earth
CHold an international meeting
DFind out what is making the pollution
正确答案： D解析：
由The United Nations的描述可知，他们已经决定要保护地球，爱护地球，因此答案为B项“Protect and love the earth”。 -
第22题：
问答题练习16 (1) Actually, the world’s birth rate is falling. But so is death rate, as medical advances have made it possible for man to live longer than before. Such advances have also reduced baby death rate. (2) Unless population growth is reduced, the world population may reach 12 billion in a century. Is the earth capable of providing a good life for so large a population?正确答案：
(1) 事实上,世界上的生育率在降低,但死亡率也同样在降低,因为医学发展使人们能比以前活得更长。
(2) 除非降低人口增长速度,否则一个世纪之内世界人口将达到120亿。解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
问答题Practice 13 (1) Actually, the world’s birth rate is falling. But so is death rate, as medical advances have made it possible for man to live longer than before. Such advances have also reduced baby death rate. (2) Unless population growth is reduced, the world population may reach l2 billion in a century. Is the earth capable of providing a good life for so large a population?正确答案：
(1) 事实上,世界上的生育率在降低,但死亡率也同样在降低,因为医学发展使人们能比以前活得更长。
(2) 除非降低人口增长速度,否则一个世纪之内世界人口将达到120亿。解析： 暂无解析