问答题Since Darwin, biologists have been firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it and des
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参考答案和解析
自达尔文以来,生物学家一直坚信,大自然的运转是没有计划的或者是没有意义的,它不会通过直接的设计途径去追求目标。但是,今天我们知道. 这一信念是个严重错误。为什么进化恰如达尔文所理解和描述的那样竟是无计划,无理性的呢?当飞机设计工程师在风洞里对大量的,根据数据制造的机体模型的耐用性能进行测试,以从中选出运转最佳的设计时,他们不也是在具体运算和计划不起作用的情况下,根据同样的进化原理进行工作的吗?当核物理学家经过成千上万次的计算机运算,试图找出哪些材料,以怎样的结合方式,以及什么的结构形式,才最适宜用于原子核反应堆的建造时,我们能够说这中间没有自然选择的过程么?他们也未进行事先设计的适应性调整,而是根据选择原理开展工作的。但是人们从未认为这种方法是无计划的,无理性的。
更多“问答题Since Darwin, biologists have been firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it and des”相关问题
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第1题：
Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
正确答案：
本题考查点是宾语从句。主干是Darvin was convinced that…。其中宾语从句的结构是the loss of these tastes was not only…, but…be injurious to …, and to …。
参考译文：达尔文认为，对(音乐和绘画方面)兴趣的丧失，失去的不仅仅是一种乐趣，而且可能会伤害到智力，更有甚者还可能伤害到道德。
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第2题：
As for food, experts suggest that______.
A. we should eat less
B. we should never eat meat
C. we should have meals with less salt and sugar
D. we should have meals without salt or sugar
正确答案：C
47．答案为C 此题为细节题。本文的最后是专家在饮食方面给人们提出的建议。从句子As for meals， people are advised to eat less salt and sugar。可以得出答案是C。 -
第3题：
If we had a sample in hand, we () to negotiate business with our end-users now.
A、would be able
B、should have
C、had been able
D、should have been able
参考答案：A
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第4题：
D
Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands. Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn’t forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired (启发) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin’s footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands.
The most well-known animals of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise（巨型海龟），which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Santa Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago （群岛）. Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been in their youth by Darwin himself.
Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures; diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air.
Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, so you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. At night you will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time.
68.What do we know about Danwin’s visit to the islands?
A．He studied different creatures on the islands
B．He completed his famous book on the islands
C．He was touched by the geography of the islands
D．He was attracted by well-know animals of the islands
正确答案：A
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第5题：
共用题干
第一篇
Human Evolution
Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.What does the example of India illustrate?
A:Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.
B:Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.
C:The middle class population is 80%smaller than that of the tribes.
D:India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.答案：B解析：文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105: 100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老年人中，女性是男性的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”，这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。 -
第6题：
共用题干
第一篇
Human Evolution
Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A:Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution.
B:Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution.
C:The Evolutionary Future of Nature.
D:Human Evolution Going Nowhere.答案：D解析：文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105: 100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老年人中，女性是男性的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”，这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。 -
第7题：
Since the road is wet this morning,__last night.A.it must rain
B.it must be raining
C.it must have rained
D.it must have been rain答案：C解析：对过去发生的事作肯定的判断时，用must have done。 -
第8题：
We are pleased to tell you that the goods （） in your order have been sent to you today.
Aincluding
Bincluded
Cincludes
Dto include
B
略 -
第9题：
We are pleased to tell you that the goods （） in your order have been sent to you today.
- A、including
- B、included
- C、includes
- D、to include
正确答案:B -
第10题：
What is the meaning of “short hauls”? （）
- A、Near way
- B、The distance is not long
- C、Direct line
- D、Short road
正确答案:B -
第11题：
问答题Practice 4 Charles Darwin didn’t want to murder God, as he once put it. But he did. He didn’t want to defy his fellow Cantabrigians, his gentlemanly Victorian society, his devout wife. But he did. He waited 20 years to publish his theory of natural selection, but—fittingly, after another scientist threatened to be first—he did. Before Darwin, most people accepted some version of biblical creation. Humans were seen as the apotheosis of godly architecture. Humans could thus be an accident of natural selection, not a direct product of God. Worries about how much his theory would shake society exacerbated the strange illnesses he suffered. It’s also worth noting that Darwin’s life wasn’t Darwinian: he achieved his wealth through inheritance, not competition, and some might say his sickly children suffered because they were inbred. Darwin’s theories still provoke opposition. One hundred and forty years after The Origin of Species, backers of creationism have made a comeback in states like Kansas, pushing evolution out of the schoolroom. Yet Darwinism remains one of the most successful scientific theories ever promulgated. There is hardly an element of humanity—not capitalism, not gender relations, certainly not biology—that can be fully understood without its help.正确答案： 【参考译文】
查尔斯·达尔文并不想杀死上帝,他也曾经这样说过。但是他催毁了人们对上帝的信仰。他并不想挑衅剑桥的校友,蔑视温文尔雅的维多利亚社会,违抗虔诚的妻子。但是事与愿违。他为把自然选择的理论公之于众等待了20年,而在另一名科学家可能抢先的情况下他选择了适当的时机——论文最终发表了。
达尔文以前的人一般都相信圣经记载,即人是由上帝创造出来的。人类被神化了,被认为是上帝创造的杰作。但是人类可能只是自然选择中的偶然产物,而不是上帝直接创造的成果。由于担忧这个理论会极大地冲击社会,达尔文的怪病病情加剧。值得一提的是达尔文的一生并不符合他的理论:他的财富并非通过竞争,而是通过继承得来,据说他的孩子多病是由于父母近亲结合的缘故。
今天达尔文的理论仍然有反对的呼声。《物种起源》出版140年后,上帝造人论的支持者在美国堪萨斯等州卷土重来,要求把进化论驱出课堂。然而达尔文的理论仍然是历史上最为成功的科学理论之一。没有进化论,人类的许多问题几乎无法破解,资本主义、性别关系、当然还有生物学等都无法得到完全的认识。 解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
问答题Most linguists are convinced that the ability to speak, while uniquely human, is simply a combination of A Bcognitive skills that have been passed on to our species through evolution. No error C D E正确答案： E解析：
原句正确。 -
第13题：
(50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.此处译文为：
正确答案：
Darvin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
本题考查点是宾语从句。主干是Darvin was convinced that…。其中宾语从句的结构是the loss of these tastes was not only…, but…be injurious to …, and to …。
参考译文：达尔文认为，对(音乐和绘画方面)兴趣的丧失，失去的不仅仅是一种乐趣，而且可能会伤害到智力，更有甚者还可能伤害到道德。 -
第14题：
（50）These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Dirac’s theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times.
正确答案：译文：粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前，迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了预测，从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。本体考核知识点：状语从句、被动语态的译法。
该句由两个并列的分句构成：These processes had been predicted和since then they have been observed。前一分句中of particle creation and destruction部分是介词短语作定语，修饰主语processes，应译为“粒子生成和毁灭的过程”。Before...in nature部分为时间状语，翻译时，可按照汉语习惯前置，译成“在．．．之前”。后一分句中的时间状语since then可译成“在．．之后”或“从那时”。此外翻译被动语态结构had been predicted from Dirac’s theory时，为了突出施动者，可以按照汉语习惯，译为主动结构。
词汇：creation and destruction“生成和毁灭”。predict“预测，预言”，文中谈论的是科学现象，应该译为“预测”。in nature“实际上”。
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第15题：
D Sitting on the peaceful coast of the Calapagon Islands. Ecuador , watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn’t forget the Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882) arrived here in 1835. He famous work. On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin’s footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands. The islands are centainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of beais and visitors is under govenment control.Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin die hour 200 years ago ,esch day is as impressive as it could be. The most well crown animal of the Calapagos is the giant tortoisc ( 巨型陆龟),which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Sanra Cruz,the second largest island in the suchipelago.Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself. Despite strict control over activities and timing,you stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures;diving with sea how that wim and play within inches of you; feeling small shaks touch you feet as you swim and ,most magically , seeing a with and her bady surface with great breath of air. Travleing between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin , you will fell as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world .At night you will sleep on board the ship , leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now ai they have been since the beginning of time.
第68题：What do we know about Darwin’svisit to the istands.
A.studkd afleient cnt cpeatures on the islands.
B.He completed his famous book on the istands.
C.He was touched by the geographs of the istands.
D.He was attracted by well known animals of the islands.
正确答案：A
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第16题：
There have been quite a number of road ______today because of yesterday's snowstorm.
A. incidents
B. accidents
C. accident
D. incident
正确答案：B16．答案为B 因为昨天的暴风雪，今天有相当多的道路事故。accident“意外事故”；incident“小事，事件”；a number of(若干的)后面接复数名词。
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第17题：
共用题干
第一篇
Human Evolution
Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because______.
A:life has been improved by technological advance
B:the number of female babies has been declining
C:our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
D:the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing答案：A解析：文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105: 100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老年人中，女性是男性的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”，这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。 -
第18题：
共用题干
第一篇
Human Evolution
Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?
A:A lack of mates.
B:A fierce competition.
C:A lower survival rate.
D:A defective gene.答案：C解析：文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105: 100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老年人中，女性是男性的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”，这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。 -
第19题：
John is reading an interesting book on evolution theory which was written by Charles Darwin，who was a British naturalist who developed a theory of evolution based on natural selection.What design feature of language is reflected in the example？( )A.Creativity
B.Arbitrariness
C.Displacement
D.Duality答案：A解析：考查语言的识别性特征。语言使用者能够以有限的语言规则为基础说出和理解无限的句子，属于语言的“创造性”特征。 -
第20题：
Since the road is wet,（） last night.
Ait must have rained
Bit must rain
Cit must be raining
Dit must have been raining
A
略 -
第21题：
Since 1991,the goals set in the plan（）
- A、have been largely achieved
- B、have largely not been achieved
- C、have been achieved in some significant areas
- D、have not been achieved at all
正确答案:B -
第22题：
单选题Since the road is wet,（） last night.Ait must have rained
Bit must rain
Cit must be raining
Dit must have been raining
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
单选题Both passages suggest which of the following about evolution?AThe fossil record is incomplete, so we must supplement it with other evidence.
BOur claims about evolutionary processes should be supported with clear evidence.
CHumans are no longer closely related to other species on the planet.
DMacroevolution has been shown to take place millions of times since life began.
EIndisputable evidence for evolution can be found in humans' genetic code.
正确答案： B解析：
第一篇文章用一些基因来证明进化，而第二篇文章认为进化论这个观点是可疑的，因为缺乏足够的证据。