单选题According to the passage, the distortion of the image of the businessmen is the result of______.A prevalent egoism among businessmenB the fierce social competitionC racial discriminationD sheer misunderstanding of other people
题目
prevalent egoism among businessmen
the fierce social competition
racial discrimination
sheer misunderstanding of other people
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第1题：
According to the passage，the combined efforts by govermments，layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change in( )A.people’s outlook on life
B.people’s life styles
C.people’s living standard
D.people s social values答案：A解析：
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第2题：
单选题According to the passage, a white lieseems to be a lie_______.Athat other people believe
Bthat other people don't believe
Ctold in order to avoid offending someone
Dtold in order to take advantage of someone
正确答案： B解析： -
第3题：
单选题Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because _____.Asome people are more emotional than others
Bsome people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another person
Csome people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other people’s attitudes
Dsome people choose to keep to themselves
正确答案： B解析：
根据第二、三段的内容可以推出，有一些人总是为他人的所作所为吃惊，这是因为他们没有意识到我们永远不可能完全了解一个人。 -
第4题：
单选题According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to _____.Amaintain the present status among the nations.
Breduce legislative powers of England.
Ccreate a better state of equality among the nations.
Dgrant more say to all the nations in the union.
正确答案： D解析：
推理判断题。文章第二段第三句提到“the idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom.”为了重新建立英联邦各成员国之间的平衡。该段后面又具体指出，一直以来，英格兰都是had bragging rights，而这次部分立法权的转交就是为了让其它成员国有更大的发言权，这样做的目的就是实现各成员国之间的平等，故C项符合。A文中并未提及，可直接排除。本段第五句提到“The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair...”由此可见减少英格兰的立法权并不精准，只是转移了它的立法权，并且这并不是devolution的目的，而是一项措施，故B项也可排除。D项说法过于绝对，并不是所有的成员，只是“to give the other members of the club-Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales”，故排除D。 -
第5题：
单选题The paragraph before this passage most probably deals with ______.Aminor diseases other than colds
Bthe recommended treatment of colds
Ca factor that affects susceptibility to colds
Dmethods of preventing colds among elderly people
正确答案： A解析：
推断题。本文第一段第一句指出“易感染感冒的另一个重要因素是年龄”，从Another critical factor，可推断本文上一段很可能谈的也是“易感染感冒的重要因素”，故选C。 -
第6题：
单选题According to the passage, successful people concentrate on ______.Aavoiding setbacks
Blearning from others
Cdefeating their opponents
Dchallenging their own limits
正确答案： C解析：
文章倒数第四段最后的引语“They are interested in winning，but they’re most interested in self-development，testing their limits”意为“他们对获胜感兴趣，但他们对自身的发展以及挑战自身极限更感兴趣。”与D项“challenging their own limits”(挑战自身极限) 一致，故选D。 -
第7题：
单选题How should we understand the richness of these three civilizations according to the passage?AIt meant people’s ability to produce commodities.
BIt meant people’s ability to domesticate plants and animals.
CIn population it meant the ability to raise a ruling class.
DIn population it meant the ability to draw other peoples to the area.
正确答案： C解析：
推断题由题干定位到文章第五段。该段第二句提到，富裕被理解为人们大量生产产品和提供服务的能力——不仅仅是农业，还包括如金属冶炼、陶艺和商业能力，由此可见，A、B两项的表述过于片面，可排除。该段倒数第二句提到，产品的盈余为地区提供财富，吸引人们来到这里，选项D是对此句的曲解，故排除。该段第三句提到，人口上的富裕意味着他们有盈余来为所控制的城市和地区供养统治管理阶层，或许一支军队。由此可知，选项C符合文意，故答案为C项。 -
第8题：
单选题According to the passage, Holden 'Caulfield differs from Huck Finn and Hester Prynne primarily in that he ______.Ahas a strong individual will
Bis more integrated into his social environment
Ctries to remediate social prejudice
Dmust cope with poverty
Eis not a sympathetic character
正确答案： C解析：
这篇文章讲到霍尔顿与他所在年代的社会环境的关系和哈克费恩和海丝特不同，因为霍尔顿是他所在的社会环境的一部分（11-12行），而费恩和海丝特是被猛推到社会边缘的人（17行）。 -
第9题：
单选题According to the fourth paragraph, the discovery of some experts disapproves the belief that loyal customersArecommend the products to other people.
Bare sensitive to the price of the product.
Cneed less service provided by a company.
Dcontribute more to the image of a company.
正确答案： B解析：
第四段最后一句话提到“…they discovered little or no evidence to suggest that customers who purchase steadily from a company over time are necessarily cheaper to serve…”。其中little or no evidence to suggest对应题干中的disapproves the belief，而cheaper to serve和选项C中的need less service表达意思相符。 -
第10题：
单选题According to Caroline Moore, most people have projected a______image of the gentleman.Ahumorous
Bfavorable
Cnegative
Dtraditional
正确答案： D解析：
推断题根据题干可定位到文章七、八段。第七段指出，gentle man一词现在仅仅被用于表示讽刺或是嘲弄的意味；第八段又提到，人们如今对于gentleman的普遍看法是介于无能的寄生者和狠毒的恶棍之间，由此可见，人们对于gentleman所持的态度是否定的，故答案为C项。 -
第11题：
单选题According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by _____.Aasking older people many questions
Blistening to skilled people's advice
Cmaking mistakes and correcting them
Ddoing what other people do
正确答案： C解析： -
第12题：
单选题According to the author, to be an anthropologist means we should _____.Atake interest in what we are doing
Bnot take interest in what other people are doing
Cjudge other people’s behaviors with accepted standards
Dnot judge other people’s behaviors with our own standards
正确答案： C解析：
第一段第二句话说作者对人类学的重新定义是“可以对别人的生活方式感兴趣，但不要妄加评论”。 -
第13题：
Which of the following statements is true according to Tocqueville？( )A.As social conditions and opportunities improve，social satisfaction grows more quickly.
B.Social mechanisms have seemingly conflicting nature.
C.As social conditions improve，there will be fewer people enjoy the social privilege.
D.As social conditions improve，the people will have more concentrated power.答案：B解析：细节题。根据最后一段第一句social frustration increases as social conditions improve可知，A项错误；根据最后一段最后一句He wrote that this growing hatred of social privilege，as social conditions improve，leads to the state concentrating more power to itself可知，享有特权的不是人民而是state本身，故D项错误；全文并未提及“享受特权的人数”问题，因此C项错误。故本题选B。参考译文：法国政治科学家、历史学家、哲学家和政治家阿历克西·德·托克维尔以一本四卷册的书《美国的民主》闻名于世。他于1831年来到美国，研究美国的民主形式及其对世界其他地方的意义。在仅仅九个月的访问之后，他完成了一本非凡的作品，至今被奉为经典。托克维尔有着非同寻常的观察力。他不仅描述了政府的民主制度及其运作方式，而且还描述了它对美国人的思考、感受和行为的影响。许多学者认为，托克维尔对美国传统信仰和价值观的理解比任何其他描写美国的人都要深刻。尤其引人注目的是，他在近200年前观察到的这些许多特征今天在美国人身上仍然可见且具有重大意义。他的观察也很重要，因为他访问的时间-19世纪30年代——是在美国工业化之前。这是小农、商人和西部边疆定居的时代，是一个新国家的传统价值观新建立的历史时期。在美国宪法通过大约40年后的短短一代人时间里，这种新的政府形式产生的社会中，人人都有独特的价值观。然而，他是一位中立的观察者，看到了这些品质的两面性。《美国的民主》的第一部分写于1831-1832年，出版于1835年。这本书对美国政府和社会进行了非常积极和乐观的描述，大受欢迎。他试图一瞥美国社会的本质，同时宣扬自己的哲学：阶级平等和不可避免的、根深蒂固的贵族特权。他用了四年时间才完成这本书的剩余部分，并于1840年出版第二部分。第二部分比第一部分更加悲观，他警告了专制和政府集权的危险，并将他的观点和批评直指法国。因此，除了在英国受到高度赞扬之外，它没有像第一部分那样受到欢迎。《美国的民主》着重分析为什么共和党代议制民主在美国取得了成功，但在许多其他地方却失败了。托克维尔指出，宗教在美国能发挥强大作用是因为它与政府分离，所有党派都认同这种分离。他将此与法国作对比，在法国，他认为民主党和宗教之间存在不健康的对立，这与教会和国家之间的联系有关。托克维尔还概述了人类可能过度追求平等，预示着20世纪会产生极权主义国家。托克维尔观察到社会机制存在矛盾，这在后来被称为“托克维尔效应”，即“随着社会条件的改善，社会挫折感也会增加”。他写道，随着社会条件的改善，这种对社会特权日益增长的仇恨导致国家将更多的权力集中到自己身上。 -
第14题：
单选题According to the passage，Melbourne is a city where _____ .ARich people choose to live
Bthe best wine is produced
CVarious cultures exist
DAsian food is popular
正确答案： C解析：
由文章中间部分“Melbourne is a culturally rich city, and is home to large communities of people from all parts of Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia”可知，墨尔本文化底蕴丰富，聚集了来自欧洲、美洲以及亚洲的大量移民，C项是对这一句话的概括总结，为正确答案。A项D项，在文中没有提到。B项文中提到了墨尔本附近有葡萄酒厂，但是并没有说是最好的生产葡萄酒的地方。 -
第15题：
单选题Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?AMany people protested in the past six months.
BMany people threw tomatoes at the German Chancellor.
CMany people threw eggs at an important member of the German Chancellor’s Social Democrats.
DMany people threw eggs at the German Chancellor, but he was not hit.
正确答案： C解析：
事实细节的找寻和判断。根据录音结尾提到的“Tens of thousands have joined protests in the last six weeks…”，可知，这次抗议持续了六周，而非选项A中的six months。另外，录音中提到“The mushy remains of a tomato thrown at a prominent member of Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder’s Social Democrats”，可知抗议过程中有人朝Gerhard Schroeder总理领导的社会民主党中一位重要人物投掷番茄，由此可见，B项和C项的说法均有误。再者，录音最后的“Schroeder himself has been pelted with eggs, none of which hit their mark”，表明人们朝德国总理Schroeder扔过鸡蛋，但未击中，可见，选项D与录音原文内容相符。
【录音原文】
The mushy remains of a tomato thrown at a prominent member of Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder’s Social Democrats has posed a legal dilemma for authorities trying to assess how to punish the thrower. Police investigating the fruit, thrown by an unemployed protestor at the premier of the state of Brandenburg, said they have concluded it was a yellow tomato. Had it been a soft red one, the man would have faced a lesser charge of causing malicious damage. A harder, green tomato could carry the tougher charge of bodily harm. A yellow one is somewhere in between. “In these types of cases it has to do with the consistency of the fruit,” said a spokeswoman for the court in the eastern city of Cottbus. No decision on the charge has yet been reached. Social democratic politicians have been facing the wrath of the public in recent months, especially in the economically depressed east where many people face painful jobless benefit cuts from January 2005. Tens of thousands have joined protests in the last six weeks and Schroeder himself has been pelted with eggs, none of which hit their mark. -
第16题：
单选题Which of the following is true about email according to the passage?AEmail reduces other forms of contact.
BEmail enhances other forms of contact.
CAbout 25% of network members are contacted by email weekly.
DWith email, people try hard to maintain more relationships.
正确答案： C解析：
录音中指出“Contrary to fears that email would reduce other forms of contact…”(与电子邮件会减弱其他的交流形式的担心相反…)，由此可推测出电子邮件可能会加强其他交流形式，所以选B。 -
第17题：
单选题According to the passage, social phobia.Acause patients to fear the general public
Blead patients to be afraid of society
Care classified to one of the three broad categories
Dcan result in paralyzing effect to patients
正确答案： A解析：
细节题。第三段前两行提到“Most psychologists now assign phobias to one of three broad categories”，可指目前大多数心理学家将恐惧症划分为三大类，接下来该段分别对social phobias，panic disorders和specific phobias这三类进行了介绍。因此social phobias（社交恐惧症）属于恐惧症三大类之一。故选C。 -
第18题：
单选题According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _____.Aare usually helpful
Bhave little or no individual freedom
Ctend to lose their individuality
Denjoy greater popularity
正确答案： C解析：
细节推断题。文章指出，人们往往认为穿制服的人其专业化程度高，会给人以信任感，但并没说穿制服的人比不穿制服的人更乐于助人，更受欢迎，或缺少自由。所以A、B、D项均不正确。而第四段首句“穿制服的人可能因缺乏多样性从而缺乏个性”，所以C项正确。 -
第19题：
单选题According to this passage, ORBIS helps fight blindness by doing the following EXCEPT ______.Awriting this kind of articles to ask for help
Bproviding sight-saving training
Ctreating thousands of blind people every year
Dtrying to keep a close relation among countries
正确答案： B解析：
细节理解题。文章第二段提到“ORBIS is always trying to keep a closer relation among countries”；第三段提到“ORBIS helps those developing countries by providing sight-saving training”；“They continue to treat thousands of blind people every year”，而写信请求帮助这一项在文中没有提到。 -
第20题：
判断题People from different religious and racial background would find it more difficult to be accepted by the host countries, according to what is proposed.A对
B错
正确答案： 对解析：
该段录音的主要内容是“种族和宗教必须成为关于移民的公众讨论的一部分。假装种族和宗教不会影响态度使得移民政策更加严格”。因此题干内容与录音相符。
【录音原文】
Race and religion must be a part of the public discussion of migration. To pretend that they do not affect attitudes makes policy more restrictive than it should be. -
第21题：
单选题According to the passage, it can be concluded that a “multifaceted approach” to human motivation in the workplace to __________.Aexclude economics
Blead to greater productivity
Cexclude physical conditions
Dfocus mainly on psychological and social forces
正确答案： C解析：
本题是推断题。参考第87题的解析，可知更大限度地提高生产力是在工作场所采取各种方法来调动人们的积极性的目的，所以答案为B。 -
第22题：
单选题According to the passage, Danish orderliness.Asets the people apart from Germans and Swedes
Bspares Danes’ social troubles besetting other peoples
Cis considered economically essential to the country
Dprevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles
正确答案： D解析：
细节题。第四段第四五句指出“Orderliness is a main selling point.Denmark has few natural resources and limited manufacturing capability…”，可知丹麦的井然有条是从国家利益出发的（因为其自然资源和制造能力有限）。故选C。 -
第23题：
单选题According to the passage, which of the following is true?APeople in allocations are unwilling to conform to a general pattern.
BConformity is a special characteristic of business.
CBusinessmen are all original thinkers.
DBusinessmen are provided with greater opportunities than people in other professions.
正确答案： A解析：
细节题。原文最后一句提到“The fact is the large business unit provides greater opportunities for individuality and requires less in the way of conformity than other institutions of comparable size...”，意思是商业机构比其他机构给个人提供的个性发展空间都大，D项表述与原文相符。