单选题According to the passage, Holden 'Caulfield differs from Huck Finn and Hester Prynne primarily in that he ______.A has a strong individual willB is more integrated into his social environmentC tries to remediate social prejudiceD must cope with poverty
题目
has a strong individual will
is more integrated into his social environment
tries to remediate social prejudice
must cope with poverty
is not a sympathetic character
相似考题
参考答案和解析
这篇文章讲到霍尔顿与他所在年代的社会环境的关系和哈克费恩和海丝特不同，因为霍尔顿是他所在的社会环境的一部分（11-12行），而费恩和海丝特是被猛推到社会边缘的人（17行）。
更多“单选题According to the passage, Holden 'Caulfield differs from Huck Finn and Hester Prynne primarily in that he ______.A has a strong individual willB is more integrated into his social environmentC tries to remediate social prejudiceD must cope with poverty”相关问题
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第1题：
Text 1
The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may c
hange in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the i
ndividual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age
loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as ri
ghts; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal pro
visions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
41. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.
[A] the definition of maturity has changed
[B] the industrialized society is more developed
[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made
[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance
正确答案：C
41. [C]意为：人们所受的教育增多以及反童工法的制定 根据题干直接定位到第一段第二句 while…部分，它指出，（相对原始社会），工业社会中青春期变长有两方面的原因：教育期的延长和反童工法的制定。所以，正确选项为[C]。 [A]的干扰来自于第一段第一句。它提到，“青春期的长短取决于不同社会对成熟和成年的定义”。接着第二句就比较了原始社会和工业化社会。从这两句其实我们可以推出这两种社会对成熟的定义必定不同。但第二句已经明确指出了具体原因，因此[C]为最佳答案。[B] 工业化社会更加发达，文中未提。[D]是工业社会中关于青春期变化的现象，而非青春期变长的原因。 -
第2题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.
B.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.
C.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.
D.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.答案：B解析：根据第二段“social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects…in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early…in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites”可知A、C、D项都正确，而由第一段最后一句可知，不同的观点以及对现状不满可以加速社会变革，因此B项错误。 -
第3题：
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways． The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society． There are more ideas,more disagreements in interest,and more groups and organizations with different beliefs． In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies． All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision． In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seetns to be the same． And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed．
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic mad less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites ; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements．
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual． For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference． This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts．
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society．
B. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change．
C. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society．
D. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young．答案：B解析：根据第二段“social changes is also likely to occur more frequentry and more readily in the material aspects…in what has been leamed later in life rather than what was learned early．in the less basic and less emotional aspectsof societythanintheir opposites”可知A、C、D项都正确．而由第一段最后一句可知，不同的观点以及对现状不满可以加速社会变革．因此B项错误。 -
第4题：
Which of the following statements is true according to Tocqueville？( )A.As social conditions and opportunities improve，social satisfaction grows more quickly.
B.Social mechanisms have seemingly conflicting nature.
C.As social conditions improve，there will be fewer people enjoy the social privilege.
D.As social conditions improve，the people will have more concentrated power.答案：B解析：细节题。根据最后一段第一句social frustration increases as social conditions improve可知，A项错误；根据最后一段最后一句He wrote that this growing hatred of social privilege，as social conditions improve，leads to the state concentrating more power to itself可知，享有特权的不是人民而是state本身，故D项错误；全文并未提及“享受特权的人数”问题，因此C项错误。故本题选B。参考译文：法国政治科学家、历史学家、哲学家和政治家阿历克西·德·托克维尔以一本四卷册的书《美国的民主》闻名于世。他于1831年来到美国，研究美国的民主形式及其对世界其他地方的意义。在仅仅九个月的访问之后，他完成了一本非凡的作品，至今被奉为经典。托克维尔有着非同寻常的观察力。他不仅描述了政府的民主制度及其运作方式，而且还描述了它对美国人的思考、感受和行为的影响。许多学者认为，托克维尔对美国传统信仰和价值观的理解比任何其他描写美国的人都要深刻。尤其引人注目的是，他在近200年前观察到的这些许多特征今天在美国人身上仍然可见且具有重大意义。他的观察也很重要，因为他访问的时间-19世纪30年代——是在美国工业化之前。这是小农、商人和西部边疆定居的时代，是一个新国家的传统价值观新建立的历史时期。在美国宪法通过大约40年后的短短一代人时间里，这种新的政府形式产生的社会中，人人都有独特的价值观。然而，他是一位中立的观察者，看到了这些品质的两面性。《美国的民主》的第一部分写于1831-1832年，出版于1835年。这本书对美国政府和社会进行了非常积极和乐观的描述，大受欢迎。他试图一瞥美国社会的本质，同时宣扬自己的哲学：阶级平等和不可避免的、根深蒂固的贵族特权。他用了四年时间才完成这本书的剩余部分，并于1840年出版第二部分。第二部分比第一部分更加悲观，他警告了专制和政府集权的危险，并将他的观点和批评直指法国。因此，除了在英国受到高度赞扬之外，它没有像第一部分那样受到欢迎。《美国的民主》着重分析为什么共和党代议制民主在美国取得了成功，但在许多其他地方却失败了。托克维尔指出，宗教在美国能发挥强大作用是因为它与政府分离，所有党派都认同这种分离。他将此与法国作对比，在法国，他认为民主党和宗教之间存在不健康的对立，这与教会和国家之间的联系有关。托克维尔还概述了人类可能过度追求平等，预示着20世纪会产生极权主义国家。托克维尔观察到社会机制存在矛盾，这在后来被称为“托克维尔效应”，即“随着社会条件的改善，社会挫折感也会增加”。他写道，随着社会条件的改善，这种对社会特权日益增长的仇恨导致国家将更多的权力集中到自己身上。 -
第5题：
单选题The author of Passage 1 refers to the hunter-gatherer primarily to suggest that ______.Ahuman history is more violent than we are inclined to acknowledge
Bour human ancestors were more focused on acquiring food than on establishing social structures
Cthe human faculty of intuition has evolved considerably since the time of our ancient ancestors
Deven our earliest ancestors were highly introspective
Ehuman cognition developed to serve immediate survival needs
正确答案： B解析：
作者在讲到我们的祖先为了生存和繁衍经常需要迅速地加工刺激物，如避免被老虎吃掉，（25-27行）的时候提到过采集狩猎者。因此人类认知在满足生存需要的过程中得到了发展。 -
第6题：
单选题As a whole, this passage characterizes Holden Caulfield primarily as being ______.Aconflicted
Bstrong-willed
Csophisticated
Dcomposed
Esadistic
正确答案： C解析：
文中好几处都提到了霍尔顿的矛盾性。Rowe认为霍尔顿自己伤害自己，文章后来有提到他的矛盾和他的双重驱动。这篇文章虽然提到了霍尔顿很难缓和自己的双重驱动，但文中没有提到霍尔顿是否精明，沉着或嗜虐。 -
第7题：
单选题For a child the first element in his learning by imitation is______.Athe need to find an authority
Bthe need to find a way to achieve the desired result
Cthe need for more affection from his parents
Dthe desire to meet the standards of his social group
正确答案： A解析：
通过第三段首句“There is a second element at work in this situation.”可知儿童通过模仿学习的第一要素应在第二段中，即“He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends.”，故B项正确。 -
第8题：
单选题According to the passage, the distortion of the image of the businessmen is the result of______.Aprevalent egoism among businessmen
Bthe fierce social competition
Cracial discrimination
Dsheer misunderstanding of other people
正确答案： C解析：
细节题。文章首段就提到“For some reasons, we tend to characterize vocations by stereotypes, none too flattering but nonetheless deeply imbedded in the national conscience.”随后就提到人们对于商人的看法，由此推测是因为我们的惯有看法对别人产生了误解，D项“纯粹的误解别人”符合句意。 -
第9题：
填空题According to the functionalists, language has three functions:（）,expressive, and social.正确答案： descriptive解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
单选题Which of the following is true about the Internet according to the passage?AAmericans were more in contact before the advent of the Internet.
BThe Internet is weakening the tie of social networks.
CIf you use the internet, you are more likely to get help from network members.
DInternet users are more likely to receive help from non-users.
正确答案： B解析：
录音中最后一句提到“Internet users are more likely than non-users to receive help from network members.”(网络用户比非网络用户更有可能获得来自网络成员的帮助)，由此可知如果你使用网络，你更有可能得到网络成员的帮助，所以选C。
【录音原文】
As the size of a person’s social network increases, it becomes more difficult for people to contact a large percentage of network members. The percentage of one’s social network contacted declines as network size grows. This pattern holds true for almost all forms of contact analyzed in the Social Ties survey. The one exception is email.
As the size of people’s social network increases, the percentage of one’s social network contacted weekly by email does not decline, but remains about the same at about 20% of their ties. Several qualities of email help explain this finding. Email enables people to maintain more relationships easily because it is convenient as a communication tool and it gives the control in managing communication. The nature of email is such that people could carry on conversations at different times and at their leisure. This makes it possible for a quick note to an associate, whether it is about important news or seeking advice on an important decision. Moreover, it is almost as easy to email a message to many people as it is to email to only one...
Contrary to fears that email would reduce other forms of contact, there is “media multiplexity”: that is, the more contact by email, the more in-person and phone contact. Therefore, Americans are probably more in contact with members of their communities and social networks than before the advent of the Internet. And Internet users are more likely than non-users to receive help from network members. -
第11题：
单选题Lines 16-19 (Finn and Prynne,.only in enclaves) indicate that both Huck Finn and Hester Prynne belong to societies in which ______.Amost citizens are outcasts
Bidiosyncrasies are rewarded
Caffluence is not widespread
Dlaws are not uniformly enforced
Ewastefulness is common
正确答案： A解析：
这句话表明费恩和海丝特和霍尔顿所处的环境十分不同。引自Joyce的话表明霍尔顿是应许之地的一员，应允之地是一个每个人都能享受富足的物质生活的地方。因此这表明费恩和海丝特不是任何应许之地的一员，实际上他们所处的社会也不是普遍富裕的。 -
第12题：
单选题The passage is primarily concerned with ______.Athe etiquette of the eighteenth century
Bthe ensuing romance between two people from different social classes
Cthe lesson that one can never be too careful
Dthe resilience of the human spirit to rise after a fall and adapt to new surroundings
Ethe workings of social networks and importance of befriending the upper class
正确答案： E解析：
这篇文章主要是关于两个经历过经济困难上的女人慢慢适应社会并重新找到她们在社会上的位置。 -
第13题：
It can be inferred from the passage that Social Security privatization will_____.
[A] provide high returns for the new governments [B] be strongly opposed by Wall Street
[C] bring the future retirees more benefits [D] allow individuals to invest in personal accounts
正确答案：D
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第14题：
Text 4"I like money and nice things,but it's not money that makes me happy.It's people,"says one woman in a World Bank survey.She's not alone:research has found that social integration is more important for well-being than income,and also decreases poverty.Loneliness,conversely,can be deadly:one study found it did more damage to health than smoking.This week,policymakers from 40 countries met in Colombia to ponder ways to measure deprivation that take account of more than just income,including isolation.Several Latin American countries are devising or have already adopted such"multi-dimensional"measures of poverty.Income can be a misleading measure of need because poor people end up living in different degrees of hardship depending on their intangible resources.Having strong social bonds eases financial deprivation.Friends and relatives can lend money,pool risk,mind children and bring news ofjob openings.Researchers from the London School of Economics found that when a group of Bangladeshi women were given business training and free livestock,not only djd they move up the income ladder,but their friends'lot improved too.A year later the friends'consumption had risen by almost 20%,and they claimed to have become sawier about business as well.The downside is that not having the right friends can deepen hardship.The more concentrated the poverty,the less helpful social networks tend to be.In Atlanta,living in a poor neighbourhood decreases the chance of having a friend with a job by almost 60%,and of having a friend who had been to university by over a third.A global survey conducted in 2014 by a polling firm,found that 30%of people in the poorest flfth of their country's population had nobody to rely on in times of need,compared t0 16%of the richest fifih.It is doubly unfortunate,then,that poor people are often socially excluded precisely because they are poor.Chileans and Venezuelans see poverty as a bigger cause of discrimination than gender or ethnicity,according to researchers from Oxford University.Several countries have experienced with schemes that connect lonely old people and deprived youth.Germany,for instance,has built"multi-generational"community centres where older visitors get computer coaching from teenagers.With luck,these connections will help:one American study found that in poor neighbourhoods,three-quarters ofjobholders found work through friends.Perhaps Gennany's centres will furnish income as well as company.40.Which ofthe following would be the best title for the text?A.Poor Neighbourhood Will Lead to Poverty ofNext Generation
B.Having Strong Social Bonds Eases Financial Deprivation
C.Income Will Block Social Mobility ofPoor People
D.Get Rid of Social Discrimination to Low-Income People答案：B解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讨论的是社会关系对贫困的影响，Financial Deprivation指的正是财务匮乏问题，故B项为正确答案。【干扰排除】A项“贫困社区会导致下一代的贫困”，在文中没有提到；C项“收入将阻碍贫困人口的社会流动性”不是文章讨论的内容；D项“摆脱对低收人人群的社会歧视”不是文章讨论的重点。因此，这三个选项都不是最佳标题，故均排除。 -
第15题：
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?__________ 查A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society
B.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change
C.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society
D.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young答案：B解析：根据第二段“social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and mole readily in thematerial aspects…in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early…in the less basic andless emotional aspects of society than in their opposites”可知A、C、D项都正确，而由第一段最后一句可知，不同的观点以及对现状不满可以加速社会变革．因此B项错误。 -
第16题：
According to the functionalists, language has three functions:（）,expressive, and social.
descriptive
略 -
第17题：
单选题Lines 51-54 (This question,.conflict within us) indicates that Salinger is trying to ______.Asuggest a solution to a psychological problem
Bdistance himself from the character of Holden
Ccriticize the social order of his era
Demploy a sophisticated literary device
Emake the reader sympathize with Holden's angst
正确答案： E解析：
塞林格直接将这个问题摆在我们读者的面前是为了激发读者对霍尔顿不安的同情。 -
第18题：
单选题The commitment (line 26) consists of Holden's dedication to ______.Aprodigal behavior
Bchanging the social order
Cmoral self-improvement
Dbecoming more productive
Eaccepting the standards of society
正确答案： E解析：
"commitment"这里是指霍尔顿一心浪费他的财富，也就是指他挥霍的行为。 -
第19题：
单选题According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should _____.Ademonstrate his capability
Bgive his boss a good impression
Cask for as much money as he can
Dask for the salary he hopes to get
正确答案： C解析：
细节题。通读全文，在求职谈判过程中，最好把你想要的工资的要求提出来。D项与文章意思相同。C项显得求职者过于贪心，与文章表述不符，而A、B两项与文章内容不符。故D为答案。 -
第20题：
单选题According to the Bible, the concept of equality in justice means .Aa criminal must be severely punished
Ba criminal must be given a punishment that is exactly the same as the crime he has done
Ca criminal must be given a punishment that he deserves
Da criminal must pay for his crime with his eyes and teeth
正确答案： C解析：
文中指出圣经对公平的理解“an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth”，然后具体解释说“can be done only by imposing an equal injury upon him”，可以判断选项B正确。 -
第21题：
单选题According to the passage, it can be concluded that a “multifaceted approach” to human motivation in the workplace to __________.Aexclude economics
Blead to greater productivity
Cexclude physical conditions
Dfocus mainly on psychological and social forces
正确答案： C解析：
本题是推断题。参考第87题的解析，可知更大限度地提高生产力是在工作场所采取各种方法来调动人们的积极性的目的，所以答案为B。 -
第22题：
单选题According to the passage, Danish orderliness.Asets the people apart from Germans and Swedes
Bspares Danes’ social troubles besetting other peoples
Cis considered economically essential to the country
Dprevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles
正确答案： D解析：
细节题。第四段第四五句指出“Orderliness is a main selling point.Denmark has few natural resources and limited manufacturing capability…”，可知丹麦的井然有条是从国家利益出发的（因为其自然资源和制造能力有限）。故选C。 -
第23题：
单选题From the passage, we can learn _____.Aone shouldn’t criticize others very often
Bone should often make his windows clean
Cone must judge himself before he judges others
Done must look at others through his dirty windows.
正确答案： C解析：
从这篇文章中的最后一段，我们可以学习到“批评别人的时候先看看自己”。故选项C正确。