Limited Liability有限责任
题目
Limited Liability有限责任
相似考题
更多“Limited Liability有限责任”相关问题
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第1题：
(c) (i) Compute Gloria’s capital gains tax liability for 2006/07 ignoring any claims or elections available to
reduce the liability. (3 marks)
正确答案：
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第2题：
(d) Discuss the professional accountant’s liability for reporting on prospective financial information and the
measures that the professional accountant might take to reduce that liability. (6 marks)
正确答案：
(d) Professional accountant’s liability
Liability for reporting on PFI
Independent accountants may be required to report on PFI for many reasons (e.g. to help secure a bank loan). Such forecasts
and projections are inherently unreliable. If the forecast or projection does not materialise, and the client or lenders (or
investors) consequently sustain financial loss, the accountant may face lawsuits claiming financial loss.
Courts in different jurisdictions use various criteria to define the group of persons to whom independent accountants may be
held liable for providing a report on an inaccurate forecast or projection. The most common of these are that an accountant
is liable to persons with whom there is proximity:
(i) only (i.e. the client who engaged the independent accountant);
(ii) or whose relationship with the accountant sufficiently approaches privity;
(iii) and to persons or members of a limited group of persons for whose benefit and guidance the accountant supplied the
information or knew that the recipient of the information intended to supply it;
(iv) and to persons who reasonably can be foreseen to rely on the information.
Measures to reduce liability
As significant assumptions will be essential to a reader’s understanding of a financial forecast, the independent accountant
should ensure that they are adequately disclosed and clearly stated to be the management’s responsibility. Hypothetical
assumptions should be clearly distinguished from best estimates.
The introduction to any forecast (and/or report thereon) should include a caveat that the prospective results may not be
attained. Specific and extensive warnings (‘the actual results … will vary’) and disclaimers (‘we do not express an opinion’)
may be effective in protecting an independent accountant sued for inaccuracies in forecasts or projections that they have
reported on.
Any report to a third party should state:
■ for whom it is prepared, who is entitled to rely on it (if anyone) and for what purpose;
■ that the engagement was undertaken in accordance with the engagement terms;
■ the work performed and the findings.
An independent accountant’s report should avoid inappropriate and open-ended wording, for example, ‘we certify …’ and ‘we
obtained all the explanations we considered necessary’.
Engagement terms to report on PFI should include an appropriate liability cap that is reasonable given the specific
circumstances of the engagement.
The independent accountant may be able to obtain indemnity from a client in respect of claims from third parties. Such ‘hold
harmless’ clauses obligate the client to indemnify the independent accountant from third party claims. -
第3题：
One kind of partnership is called a limited ________partnership.A obligation ;
A responsibility ;
C liability
参考答案:C
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第4题：
听力原文：The owners of limited companies are people who have bought shares in the company.
(6)
A．The shareholders are the owners of limited companies.
B．Shareholders deposit their money in the limited companies.
C．The shareholders can sell shares of limited companies to the public.
D．Shareholders of limited companies are able to make profits continuously.
正确答案：A
解析：单句意思为“有限公司的拥有者是那些购买公司股份的人”。 -
第5题：
Some members of a partnership may be very active in the management of the firm and therefore take unlimited liability.They are referred to as ___.A.general partners
B.limited partners
C.long partners
D.unlimited partners
正确答案：A
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第6题：
When a stock dividend is declared, it becomes a liability.()
正确答案：错
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第7题：
______ the heading combined transport bill of lading，the provisions set out and referred to in this bill of lading shall also apply where the transport as described on the face of the B/L is performed by one mode of transport only，and in such circumstances，the liability of the carrier shall be limited to the part of the transport performed by him.
A.Notwithstanding
B.Whatsoever
C.Whereabout
D.Nevertheless
正确答案：A
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第8题：
We regret that in view of the above，we are not in a position to ______ liability for the shortage．
A.Consume
B.Perfume
C.Assume
D.Confuse
正确答案：C
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第9题：
Banks have no liability for any delay or loss caused by postal or telex failure.
正确答案:正确 -
第10题：
单选题Although the Shipowner may be responsible for the loss or damage to the goods，his liability may be limited（）the terms of the contract or the statute.Awith
Bon
Cfor
Dby
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
单选题Due to limited seating, reservations are required.AOne should enquire about the limited seating reservation.
BSeating is limited to those who have reserved.
CIt is possible that you have no seat without reservations.
正确答案： A解析：
题意：因为座位有限，所以需要预订。选项A“应该询问一下如何预订这些数量有限的座位”未提及。选项B“座位只给已经预订的人”，过于绝对，因为如果座位没满，没预订的人也是有可能有座位的。选项C“如果你不预订的话，有可能没有座位”与题意相符。 -
第12题：
单选题Geographic range is the maximum distance at which a light may be seen under（）.Aexisting visibility conditions，limited only by the curvature of the Earth
Bperfect visibility conditions，limited only by the curvature of the Earth
Cexisting visibility conditions，limited only by the intensity of the light
Dperfect visibility conditions，limited only by interference from background lighting
正确答案： D解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
(ii) Calculate Paul’s tax liability if he exercises the share options in Memphis plc and subsequently sells the
shares in Memphis plc immediately, as proposed, and show how he may reduce this tax liability.
(4 marks)
正确答案：
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第14题：
(c) In the context of a standard unmodified audit report, describe the content of a liability disclaimer paragraph,
and discuss the main arguments for and against the use of a liability disclaimer paragraph. (5 marks)
正确答案：
(c) It has become increasingly common for audit firms to include a disclaimer paragraph within the audit report. However, it is
not a requirement of auditing standards and individual audit firms need to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the
use of a disclaimer paragraph.
The wording is used to state the fact that the auditor’s report is intended solely for the use of the company’s members as a
body, and that no responsibility is accepted or assumed to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as
a body.
The main perceived advantage is that the disclaimer should help to reduce the exposure of the audit firm to liability claims
from anyone other than the company or the company’s body of shareholders. The disclaimer makes it clear that the audit
firm reports only to those who appointed the firm, i.e. the members of the company, and this may make it more difficult for
the audit firm to be sued by a third party.
It is also argued that the use of a disclaimer could help to bridge the ‘expectation gap’ by providing a clearer indication of the
responsibility of the auditor.
In this way the audit firm can manage its risk exposure in an increasingly litigious environment. Recent high profile legal cases
against audit firms, such as the Bannerman case in Scotland, illustrate that an audit firm’s duty of care can extend beyond
the company and its shareholders, and that audit firms should consider how to protect themselves against liability claims.
Tutorial note: It is appropriate here to quote recent cases such as the Bannerman case to illustrate the reason why audit
firms face increased potential exposure to claims from third parties. However, knowledge of specific legal cases is not
required to gain full marks for this requirement.
However, it can be argued that a disclaimer does not necessarily work to protect an audit firm. Each legal case has individual
circumstances, and while a disclaimer might protect the audit firm in one situation, equally it may not offer any protection
where the facts of the case are different.
In addition, it is often argued that if an audit firm conducts an audit using full due care and diligence, there is no need for a
disclaimer, as a high quality audit would be very unlikely to lead to any claims against the audit firm. Consequently, it could
be argued that the use of disclaimers as a means to limit liability could permit low quality audits to be performed, the auditors
being confident that legal cases against them are restricted due to the presence of a disclaimer within the audit report. -
第15题：
ORGANIZING A BUSINESS IN DIFFERENT WAYS Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs. The simplest form. of business is called an individual or sole proprietorship. The proprietor owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything. Another kind of business is a partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls. One kind of partnership is called a limited liability partnership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibility for the business. Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form. partnerships to share their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form. a business partnership together. Partnerships exist only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual proprietorships. But corporations are designed to have an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization. Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stocks represent shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buy stock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business. A corporation is recognized as an entity-its own legal being, separate from its owners. A board of directors controls corporate policies. The directors appoint top company officers. The directors might or might not hold shares in the corporation. Corporations can have a few major shareholders, or ownership can be spread among the general public. But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. Some non-profit groups are also organized as corporations.
1. This passage is mainly about ().
A. why different forms of business run
B. when different forms of business raise money
C. how different forms of business are organized
2. What is usually needed to decide the portion of the partnership each person controls?()
A. A rule.
B. An agreement.
C. A regulation.
3. Who are not included in limited liability partnerships?()
A. Full partners.
B. Limited partners.
C. Unlimited partners.
4. How can corporations raise money?()
A. By selling stock.
B. By buying stock.
C. By holding corporation shares.
5. Who controls corporate policies in a corporation?()
A. Chairman of the board.
B. A board of directors.
C. The owner of the corporation.
参考答案:1:C; 2:B;3:C; 4:A;5:B
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第16题：
___ would financially protect a surgeon should he cut off the left leg of a patient rather than the right which suffers from bone cancer.A.Personal liability coverage
B.Professional liability coverage
C.Premises coverage
D.Product coverage
正确答案：B
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第17题：
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is a liability account.()
正确答案：错
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第18题：
______ anything provided for in Clause 7 and 8 of this bill of lading and subject to Clause 17，if it can be proved where the loss or damage occurred the carrier and the merchant shall，as to the liability of the carrier，be entitled to require such liability to be determined by the provisions contained in any relevant international convention or national law.
A.Notwithstanding
B.Whatsoever
C.Whereabout
D.Nevertheless
正确答案：A
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第19题：
Although the Shipowner may be responsible for the loss or damage to the goods，his liability may be limited ______ the terms of the contract or the statute．
A.with
B.on
C.for
D.by
正确答案：D
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第20题：
The liability of the carrier for the economic losses resulting from delay in delivery of the goods shall be limited to the amount equivalent to ______．
A.actual value of the goods so lost
B.the difference between the values of the goods before and after the damage
C.the expenses for the repair
D.the freight payable for the goods so delayed
正确答案：D
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第21题：
易患性（liability）
正确答案:一个个体由遗传素质和环境条件共同作用所决定得多基因遗传病的风险称为易患性。 -
第22题：
单选题Limitation of liability to a specified sum，or a clause totally exempting the Shipowner from liability if the claim is not made within a given time，cannot（）the Shipowner where the loss is due to unseaworthiness unless clear and express words are used to indicate it.Aavoid
Bavail
Camend
Dawake
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
名词解释题易患性（liability）正确答案： 一个个体由遗传素质和环境条件共同作用所决定得多基因遗传病的风险称为易患性。解析： 暂无解析