不稳定细胞（labile cells）

共用题干
What Is Cancer?

Cancer is actually a group of many related diseases that all have to do with cells.Cells
are the very small units that make up all________(1)things,including the human
body.There are billions of cells________(2)each person's body.
Cancer happens when cells that are not normal grow________(3)spread very
fast.Normal body cells grow and divide and know when to stop growing.Over time,they
also die._______(4)these normal cells,cancer cells just continue to grow and divide
out of control and don't die.Cancer cells usually group together to form tumors（肿瘤）.
A growing tumor becomes a lump of cancer cells_________(5)can destroy the
normal cells around the_________(6)and damage the body's healthy tissues.This
can make someone very _______(7).
Sometimes cancer cells break away from the original tumor and travel to other areas of
the________(8),where they keep growing and can go on to form new tumors.This
is how cancer__________(9).The spread of a tumor to a new place in the body is
__________(10)metastasis（转移）.
People with cancer may feel pretty sick at times一but can usually still do lots of
normal things._________(11)they are very sick,kids and teenagers with cancer
may still be able to go to school. They may be tired or bruise（出现青肿）easily, but they
__________( 1 2) sometimes go to camp , movies , and sleepover（在外过夜的）parties.
People with cancer still like the same things they did__________(13)they got sick.
Cancer in kids is rare一but today,many kids who do get cancer go on living normal
lives.The number of kids who beat cancer goes________(14)every year because of
new cancer treatments.So a lot of kids with cancer will some day drive cars,go to college,
have careers,and even get_________(15)and have families of their own.

_________(1)
A:living
B:nice
C: big
D: whole

共用题干
第二篇

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.
If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.
People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.
The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.
If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.
Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.
On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.

Before receiving healthy cells,diseased cells must_________.
A:undergo chemotherapy
B:go through radiation
C:be prepared
D:be wrecked

共用题干
第二篇

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.
If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.
People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.
The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.
If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.
Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.
On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.

We can infer from this passage that_________.
A:bone marrow transplantation requires five procedures
B:bone marrow transplantation is complex
C:people with leukemia must need transplantation
D:people with cancer must donate bone marrow before treatment

共用题干
Aging

Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die,but people now live longer than they used to.Yet all living things still show the________(51)of aging,which will eventually________(52)death.
Aging is not a disease,but as a person passes maturity,the cells of the body and the________ (53) do not function as well as they did in childhood and adolescence（青春期）.The body provides less________(54)against disease and is more likely________(55)have accident.
A number of related causes may________(56)aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life,but they are not reborn when they die.As a person ages,________(57)of brain cells and muscle cells decreases.The other cells are replaced by new cells.In an aging person the________(58) cells and muscle cells may not be as viable（能生存的）or as capable________ ( 59 ) growth as those of a young person.
Another________(60)in aging may be changes within the cells themselves.Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known________(61)with age and became less elastic.This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and________(62).This is also the reason old people________(63)in height. There may not be other more important chemical changes in the cells.Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA,store and________(64)information that the cells need.Aging may affect this________(65)and change the information-carry molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.

_________(51)
A:function
B:effect
C:fact
D:symbol

共用题干
Leukemia

Leukemia is the most common type of cancer kids get,but it is still very rare.Leukemia involves the
blood and blood-forming organs,such as the bone marrow.________(46)
A kid with leukemia produces lots of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow. Usually,white
blood cells fight infection,but the white blood cells in a person with leukemia don't work the way they're
supposed to.________(47)The abnormal white blood cells multiply out of control,filling the bone marrow
and making it hard for enough normal,infection-fighting white blood cells to form.Other blood cells一such as
red blood cells(that carry oxygen in the blood to the body's tissues)and platelets(that allow blood to
clot）一are also crowded out by the white blood cells of leukemia. These cancer cells may also move to other
parts of the body,including the bloodstream,where they continue to multiply and build up.
Although leukemia can make kids sick,most of the time it is treatable,and kids get better. Almost all
leukemia patients are treated with chemotherapy,which means using anti-cancer drug.
________(48)Chemotherapy quickly goes to work,traveling through the blood to the bone marrow.
There,the drugs can attack the cancer cells.After several weeks of chemotherapy,many kids begin to feel
better.
Some children with leukemia will also have to have radiation therapy,too.________(49)If the cancer
isn't getting better from using the usual amounts of chemotherapy and radiation,then a kid with leukemia
will probably need more treatment一with higher doses of chemotherapy and radiation to finally kill the cancer
cells.But this heavy-duty treatment will also harm the normal cells in the kid's bone marrow too,and the
bone marrow will no longer be able to produce normal blood cells.So,doctors will then give a kid一or anyone
else with bone marrow that is no longer working一normal bone marrow tissue from someone else who is
healthy.________(50)

___________（50）
A:The chemotherapy drugs are given through a catheter,a narrow tube that is inserted into a blood vessel, sometimes in the kid's upper chest.
B:Early symptoms of leukemia are often overlooked,since they may resemble symptoms of the flu or other common diseases.
C:This is a special procedure called a bone marrow transplant,and it helps the patient make new blood cells so they can recover from the leukemia.
D:Bone marrow is the innermost part of some bones where blood cells are first made.
E:They don't protect the person from infections very well.
F: Radiation therapy uses invisible high-energy waves(similar to X-rays)to kill cancerous cells.

共用题干
第二篇

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.
If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.
People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.
The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.
If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.
Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.
On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.

Healthy stem cells may come from the following sources EXCEPT__________.
A:peripheral blood stem cells
B:baby blood
C:bone marrow
D:cord blood

共用题干
第二篇

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.
If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.
People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.
The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.
If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.
Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.
On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.

The new marrow usually comes from__________.
A:people with cancer
B:a family member
C:an organ donor
D:a relative or a stranger