种(species)

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种(species)


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3."Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly CommonCryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant—may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat, in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographieal regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered. " Says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high as 30%. " Pfenninger says."I'm extremely surprised by their results. " Says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. "Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences. In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with. " Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?A.The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.B.The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.C.The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.D.The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest. "

更多“种(species)”相关问题
  • 第1题:

    Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?

    A.The WCU are interbreeding those elephants.

    B.They are interbreeding species.

    C.They are two genetically distant species.

    D.They depend on each other for survival.


    正确答案:C
    解析:答案在第六段中。该段举了非洲大象为例,说明什么是cryptic species。第六段的句子“A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct,non-inter-breeding species”是选择C的依据。选项A不对,the WCU并没有杂交繁殖这两种象。选项B不对,短文说这两类象是非杂交物种。选项D的内容短文中找不到。

  • 第2题:

    学名常附带些缩写字,如spp.表示( )。

    A、species plurimus;许多种

    C、species plurimus;亚种


    参考答案:A

  • 第3题:

    简述下列概念的区别: species;strain


    正确答案: 是由一个独立分离的单细胞繁殖而成的纯种群体及其后代。一种菌的每一不同来源的纯培养物均可称为该菌种的一个菌株。所以,属于同一菌种的菌株是无数的。
    菌种是一大群表型特征高度相似、亲缘关系极其相近、与同属内其实种有明显差异的菌株的总称。

  • 第4题:

    偶见种(rare species)


    正确答案: 偶尔在群落中出现的物种,称为偶见种。

  • 第5题:

    单选题
    It can be learned that the polar bear _____.
    A

    was first considered by Siegel to be the iconic animal in 1998

    B

    was first proposed by Siegel to be the endangered species in 2004

    C

    was not qualified scientifically as the endangered species until 2005

    D

    was not officially under the government protection until 2008


    正确答案: D
    解析:
    第二段第八句说2005年Siegel申请将北极熊列为濒危物种名单,三年后美国内政部长宣布北极熊为“受威胁物种”。这算得上一个成功,但还不是完全意义上的成功,因为濒危物种比“受威胁物种”的等级更高。

  • 第6题:

    名词解释题
    优势种(dominant species)

    正确答案: 群落中占优势的种类,它包括群落每层中在数量、体积上最大、对生境影响最大的种类。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第7题:

    单选题
    The passage is focused on _____.
    A

    how the scientists tried to protect endangered species

    B

    how the symbolic endangered species has been chosen

    C

    the relation between global warming and endangered species

    D

    the problems in and the future of endangered species protection


    正确答案: B
    解析:
    本文介绍了Siegel选择警示全球变暖危害的象征动物的过程。

  • 第8题:

    单选题
    The purpose of the ashing step in graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spec-troscopy is to()
    A

    Vaporize metal atoms to be analyzed

    B

    Cause the metal species to form carbides which are more volatile

    C

    Convert the graphite furnace to ash to avoid carbide formation

    D

    Burn off organic species that would interfere with the elemental analysis


    正确答案: D
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第9题:

    多选题
    Which three demonstrate an “is a” relationship?()
    A

    public class X {  }     public class Y extends X { }

    B

    public interface Shape { }     public interface Rectangle extends Shape{ }

    C

    public interface Color { }     public class Shape { private Color color; }

    D

    public interface Species { }     public class Animal { private Species species; }

    E

    public class Person { }    public class Employee {      public Employee(Person person) { }

    F

    interface Component { }     class Container implements Component {   private Component[] children; }


    正确答案: A,F
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第10题:

    单选题
    According to lines 50-58 of Passage 2, microevolution ______.
    A

    has never actually been observed, but is believed to be theoretically possible

    B

    is the series of small changes that transforms one species into another

    C

    lacks evidence, and therefore should not be considered a scientific fact

    D

    is an evolutionary process involving small changes within a species

    E

    occurs wherever there are environmental changes in a species' habitat


    正确答案: B
    解析:
    文中最后一段第一句提到微进化是“the existence of small changes within a species,”这个过程,故选D项。

  • 第11题:

    判断题
    Dwarfism is one frequent trend observed in many island species.
    A

    B


    正确答案:
    解析:
    从录音中提到的“One frequent trend observed in such island species, at least when they are large mammals, is dwarfism”,可知许多岛上生物经常会出现侏儒症(dwarfism)这一现象。
    【录音原文】
    Islands are famous for generating indigenous species from whatever biological material pitches up on them. One frequent trend observed in such island species, at least when they are large mammals, is dwarfism. Elephants seem particularly susceptible. The last mammoths, which lived on an island off the coast of Siberia, were, paradoxically, dwarfs. Similar elephantine examples are known from Malta, Sicily and, indeed, Flores itself. And the same thing has been observed in cattle, too.

  • 第12题:

    单选题
    Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the last paragraph?
    A

    Biologists began to study new species of turtles for Chinese food markets.

    B

    Biologists discovered a few rare species of turtles as a result of search previously

    C

    Some species of turtles will soon be extinct if they are caught and killed at the present speed.

    D

    Turtles will soon be a target for rare collectors as dear as pearl and diamond.


    正确答案: B
    解析:
    本题是是非题。第六段第一句中有提及选项A,B的内容;第六段第二句中有提及选项C的内容;所以答案为D。

  • 第13题:

    People are confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s, because scientists ______.

    A.identified only one mosquito species instead of six species

    B.thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease

    C.thought there was only one mosquito species

    D.did not know what species was being studied


    正确答案:A
    解析:短文最后一段告诉我们,由于对蚊子种类不了解,20世纪初期疟病曾肆虐欧洲,最终,科学家才了解到坟子这一物种不是由一个种类而是由六个种类组成。所以应该选择A。

  • 第14题:

    This rare bird has become()

    Aan endangered specie

    Bendangered species

    Cendangering species

    Dan endangered species


    D

  • 第15题:

    建群种(constructive species)


    正确答案: 优势种中的最优者,即盖度最大(重量最大),多度也大的植物种。

  • 第16题:

    种(species):


    正确答案: 生物分类学上最基础的单位。它具有遗传特征的稳定性,又具有一定的变异范围,是由一个模式个体为基础,连同一些具有相同性状的个体共同组成的群体。

  • 第17题:

    单选题
    Which of the following can best summarize Sallon’s Plant Project?
    A

    Discovering new species.

    B

    Protecting rare species.

    C

    Restoring extinct species.

    D

    Reforming existing species.


    正确答案: B
    解析:
    倒数第二段说很多物种已经濒危或即将灭绝,等它们不存在之后再想种植是非常困难的,所以最好在它们灭绝之前保护它们,即保护珍稀物种。

  • 第18题:

    单选题
    Which of the following best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?
    A

    Because of their characteristics as double organisms, it is difficult to classify lichens.

    B

    Over 15,000 varieties of lichens have been identified.

    C

    Double organisms should always be classified as separate species.

    D

    Taxonomists always find it difficult to classify new species of plants.


    正确答案: D
    解析:
    段落大意。第二段第一句指出“地衣是两种植物--真菌和藻类的共同体”,接着本段描述了两者之间互利共生的关系。该段最后一句提到“They can be placed in known classes of fungi but are unlike any species that lives independently.”,可知真菌无法独立生存,因此对其进行分类会很困难。故选项A符合文意。

  • 第19题:

    名词解释题
    建群种(constructive species)

    正确答案: 优势种中的最优者,即盖度最大(重量最大),多度也大的植物种。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第20题:

    单选题
    This rare bird has become()
    A

    an endangered specie

    B

    endangered species

    C

    endangering species

    D

    an endangered species


    正确答案: B
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第21题:

    名词解释题
    种(species):

    正确答案: 生物分类学上最基础的单位。它具有遗传特征的稳定性,又具有一定的变异范围,是由一个模式个体为基础,连同一些具有相同性状的个体共同组成的群体。
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第22题:

    多选题
    Which two demonstrate an “is a” relationship?()
    A

    public interface Person { }  public class Employee extends Person { }

    B

    public interface Shape { }  public class Employee extends Shape { }

    C

    public interface Color { }  public class Employee extends Color { }

    D

    public class Species { }  public class Animal (private Species species;)

    E

    interface Component { }  Class Container implements Component ( Private Component[ ] children;  )


    正确答案: D,B
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第23题:

    多选题
    Which the two demonstrate an “is a” relationship?()
    A

    public interface Person {}  Public class Employee extends Person {}

    B

    public interface Shape {}  public interface Rectangle extends Shape {}

    C

    public interface Color {}  public class Shape { private Color color; }

    D

    public class Species {}  public class Animal { private Species species; }

    E

    interface Component {} Class Container implements Component {private Component [] children;


    正确答案: B,A
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第24题:

    单选题
    The reference to the peppered moth in line 43 is used to ______.
    A

    provide an example of a species that has been shown to undergo macroevolution

    B

    demonstrate that many species have undergone the process of microevolution

    C

    prove that all living things descended from a common ancestor

    D

    question the use of the fossil record to support Darwinism

    E

    highlight the dangers to the environment of pollution from industrial complexes


    正确答案: B
    解析:
    作者用白桦尺蛾来证明许多物种都经历了微进化这个过程。故选A项。