听力原文： Some banks offer other types of loans repayable by monthly installments, such as business development loans, house improvement loans, and farm development loans. These may be either secured or unsecured. Secured loans attract a slightly lower rate o
题目
听力原文： Some banks offer other types of loans repayable by monthly installments, such as business development loans, house improvement loans, and farm development loans. These may be either secured or unsecured. Secured loans attract a slightly lower rate of interest than unsecured loans. Some banks offer revolving credit schemes. These normally involve loans repayable by regular monthly installments, but they differ from other loans repayable by installments in two respects. First, the borrower need not take up the full amount of the loan at the outset. Secondly, as his repayments reduce his indebtedness, he can "top up" his loan by borrowing more, provided that the total debt outstanding does not exceed his agreed credit limit. In 1967 some banks introduced a new form. of account called a "budget account". The object is to allow personal customers to spread the incidence of normal personal and household expenditure.
24. Which of the following loans is not repaid by installments?
25.Which of the following loans would attract a lower rate of interest?
26.How does a borrower "top up" his loan?
27.What is the objective of introduction of the budget account?
(24)
A．Business development loans.
B．House improvement loans.
C．Farm development loans.
D．Overdrafts.
相似考题
参考答案和解析
正确答案：D
解析：录音原文一开始提到Some banks offer...and farm development loans. 一些银行推出其他种类按月分期还款的贷款，例如商业发展贷款、住房改善贷款和农业发展贷款。
解析：录音原文一开始提到Some banks offer...and farm development loans. 一些银行推出其他种类按月分期还款的贷款，例如商业发展贷款、住房改善贷款和农业发展贷款。
更多“听力原文： Some banks offer other types of loans repayable by monthly installments, such as business development loans, house improvement loans, and farm development loans. These may be either secured or unsecured. Secured loans attract a slightly lower rate o”相关问题
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第1题：
听力原文：M: Do you know some forms of bank advances?
W: There are three forms: overdrafts, personal loans and mortgages.
Q: Which of the following is not a form. of bank advances?
(13)
A．Overdrafts.
B．Mortgages.
C．Personal loans.
D．Letter of credit.
正确答案：D
解析：对话中明确指出银行预付款有三种形式：透支，抵押和个人贷款，D项“信用证”没有提及。 -
第2题：
The best Headline of this passage would be ______.
A．Loans Provided by Banks
B．Long-term Project Loans
C．Credit Financing
D．Term for Loans
正确答案：D
解析：整篇文章都在讲定期贷款，因此D才能概括全文主旨。 -
第3题：
Which of the following statements is true?
A．Loans for buying houses are always secured in order to reduce the risk of nonpayment.
B．Companies are more likely to borrow on all unsecured basis than individuals.
C．The largest loans advanced by banks are always secured loans.
D．Borrowers are more willing to repay the money if the loans are made on an unsecured basis.
正确答案：A
解析：购买住房等不动产的贷款一般期限较长，所以会被要求进行抵押贷款。所以，只有A项符合题意。 -
第4题：
Who may supply business loans in a remote area if there is no financial intermediaries offering such services?
A．The local bank in the area.
B．Business companies.
C．Brokers in the Federal Funds.
D．Correspondent banks.
正确答案：A
解析：文章第二段提到If there are no...the local bank supplies most of these loans. 在一些偏远的地区，如果没有提供商业贷款服务金融中介机构，就由当地的社区银行来提供这些贷款服务。 -
第5题：
听力原文：M: Most banks tend to decline loan proposals which are highly speculative.
W: I think because the banks expect the loan to generate sufficient profit and positive cash-flow for themselves and for the clients.
Q: What will the banks usually do to the highly speculative loan proposals?
(15)
A．The banks will disapprove them.
B．The banks will approve them.
C．The Bank will benefit from the loans.
D．The bank will make profit from lending.
正确答案：A
解析：根据男士的话可知银行对投机性高的贷款申请的态度是“decline”，即“拒绝”，A项正确。 -
第6题：
单句理解
听力原文：Collateral can never make a bad loan good, but it can turn a good loan into a better one.
(1)
A．Collateral sometimes turns a bad loan into a good one.
B．Good loans can be turned into better loans with collaterals.
C．Collateral can turn a good loan into a bad one.
D．Collateral can turn a bad loan into a worse one.
正确答案：B
解析：单句给出的信息是“贷款抵押物从不会使账目由坏变好，但可以由好变更好”，B项意思正确。 -
第7题：
An increase in a nation's rate of savings ultimately( ) to lower interest rates for business and consumer loans.A. lead
B. leads
C. leader
D. leading答案：B解析： -
第8题：
There's been a steady drumbeat of warmings about a surge in risky corporate borrowing-but not much clarity serious the threat is. At issue is the more than S1 million market in leveraged loans. That's Wall Street jargon for loans to business with less than rook-solid finances, Federal Reserve and European Central Hank officials have drawn to the rise in corporate debt and the deterioration or lending standards. The loans are often bundled into securities ollateralized loan obligations (CLOs).
Most of the watchdogs are carceful to say a repeat of the 2007-2008 crisis is unlikely because most of the debt banks. But that creates another problem Regulators focused on banks are largely in the dark when it comes to where the risks he and how they might ripple through the financial system when the economy turns down. A big over-indebted businesses could face severe stress and, in some cases, insolvency, threatening jobs and deepen downturn.
The mechanics of the leveraged loan market will be familiar to students of the housing crisis.
With interesting investors are willing to take greater risks to get higher yields. That makes lots of money available for lending. we makes it easier for less creditworthy companies to borrow .Rather than keep the risky loans on their books, lender them to asset managers that package them into securities -C1Ds-that are sold to investors such as insurers and hedge funds.
Yields on the riskicst portions of CLOs can approach 9% a year. And the growth of leveraged lending has been post crisis bank regulations that helped the rise or shadow lenders financial companics that aren't regulated like market for levcraged loans has more than doubled since 2012.
The risk taking could get worse: With demand by borrowers for levcraged loans declining this year, those still financing have been able to extract looser learns.
About 85% of leveraged loans are held by nonbanks, according to Wells Fargo rescarch.
But banks may play a larger robe than may assumc, according to Gaurav V asisht, drector for financial regulation at the Volcker Alliance, a good-governance group, Banks are involved in all stages of the process. They underwrite loans, sell them to the CLOs, invest in those securities, and then hedge those risks in the market.“One common narrative is that banks don't have much risk or aren't exposed 1o it. Vasisht said at the hearing, "Banks are exposed to it."
Just beeause banks are safer doesn't necessarily mean the financial system is, says Karen Petron, managing partner at Federal Financial Analytics, a regulatory- analysis firm. Debt investors might not be as resilient in a crisis, and their problems could create shock waves. "Banking regulators are being a htte myopic when they 're looking only at the banking system for systemic risk," she says.- Sally Bakewell and Thomas Beardsworth.
12. Which one is false about the leveraged loans?(。)
A. they are loans provided to companies already holding a considenble amount of debt.
B. It is easier for companies to get leveraged loans.
C. most of the leveraged loans are held by nonbanks.
D. the Federal Reserve is quite sure about the risks of leveraged loans.答案：D解析：文章中明确提到杠杆贷款由85%的非银行机构持有，这种借款通常提供给信誉欠佳的公司，并且变得越来越容易获得，ABC三项在文章均有体现，然而D并未有提到。所以答案选D。 -
第9题：
资料：（二）
The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out. Reverse mortgages, which allow homeowners 62 or older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die, have long been said with problems. Now, federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers, including former sub-prime lenders, flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record highs.
Some lenders are aggressively recommending loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them, without mentioning the property taxes and maintenance. Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance their long-desired things, without clearly explaining the risks. Some widows were pressured not to have their names on the contract, without being told that they could be left facing foreclosureafter their husbands died.
Now, as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings, the newly established Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders. More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding, according to the federal government.
Concerns about the multi-billion dollar reverse mortgages market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis when consumers were marketed loans—often carrying hidden risks—that they could not afford. “There are many of the same red flags, including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regarded to suitability,“sad Lori Swanson, the Minnesota attorney general, who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.
Which is true about the new rules from Consumer Financial Protection Bureau?A.The rules are good for lenders while bad for borrowers
B.The rules will help baby boomer seniors to save money
C.The rules will help consumers better understand reverse mortgage
D.The rules will be stricter for consumers答案：C解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】true；new rules from Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
【主题句】第3自然段 Now , as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings, the newly established Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders. 现在，随着大量婴儿潮时代出生的人开始逐步退休，越来越多的老年人经受着储蓄减少，新成立的消费者金融保护局正在制定新的规则，这些规则可能意味着对消费者进行更好的披露，对贷款者进行更严格的监管。
【解析】 本题的问题是“下列关于消费者金融保护局的新规，哪一项是正确的？”。 A选项“新规对放款人有利，对借款人有害”；B选项“新规能帮助婴儿潮时代出生的老年人省钱”；C选项“新规能帮助消费者更好地理解反向抵押贷款”；D选项“新规将对消费者更加严格”。根据题目中关键词找到主题句，消费者金融保护局的新规是为了让消费者拥有更好的知情权，并对放款人严格监管。故C选项正确。 -
第10题：
资料：（二）
The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out. Reverse mortgages, which allow homeowners 62 or older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die, have long been said with problems. Now, federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers, including former sub-prime lenders, flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record highs.
Some lenders are aggressively recommending loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them, without mentioning the property taxes and maintenance. Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance their long-desired things, without clearly explaining the risks. Some widows were pressured not to have their names on the contract, without being told that they could be left facing foreclosureafter their husbands died.
Now, as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings, the newly established Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders. More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding, according to the federal government.
Concerns about the multi-billion dollar reverse mortgages market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis when consumers were marketed loans—often carrying hidden risks—that they could not afford. “There are many of the same red flags, including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regarded to suitability,“sad Lori Swanson, the Minnesota attorney general, who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.
What can we learn about mortgage loans from the first paragraph?A.The loans are expected to help seniors stay in their homes.
B.The loans are driving all seniors out of their homes.
C.The reverse mortgage only welcomes seniors.
D.Any senior can apply for reverse mortgages.答案：A解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】mortgage loans；first paragraph
【主题句】第1自然段The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out. Reverse mortgages, which allow homeowners 62 or older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die, have long been said with problems. 本来应该帮助老年人留在家中的贷款在很多情况下反而把他们逐出家门。长期以来，人们一直说反向抵押贷款存在问题，这种贷款允许62岁以上的房主以房屋价值为抵押借款，直到他们搬出去或死后才还款。
【解析】本题的问题是“从第1段中，我们对反向抵押贷款有什么了解？”。 A选项“贷款本来的预期是帮助老年人留在家里”；B选项“贷款正在将所有的老年人赶出家门”；C选项“反向抵押贷款只欢迎老年人”；D选项“任何老年人都能申请反向抵押贷款”。根据题目中关键词找到主题句，可以看出反向抵押贷款的初衷本来是帮助老年人留在家中，但往往结果是使老年人丧失房产。故A选项正确。B选项“all”,C选项“only”，D选项“any”的说法过于绝对。 -
第11题：
资料：（二）
The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out. Reverse mortgages, which allow homeowners 62 or older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die, have long been said with problems. Now, federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers, including former sub-prime lenders, flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record highs.
Some lenders are aggressively recommending loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them, without mentioning the property taxes and maintenance. Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance their long-desired things, without clearly explaining the risks. Some widows were pressured not to have their names on the contract, without being told that they could be left facing foreclosureafter their husbands died.
Now, as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings, the newly established Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders. More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding, according to the federal government.
Concerns about the multi-billion dollar reverse mortgages market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis when consumers were marketed loans—often carrying hidden risks—that they could not afford. “There are many of the same red flags, including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regarded to suitability,“sad Lori Swanson, the Minnesota attorney general, who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.
The phrase “facing foreclosure”most probably implies______.A.the widows are pressured to lose their own names
B.the widows may be forced to leave their homes
C.the widows have misunderstood the reverse mortgage
D.the widows do not know what their long-desired things are答案：B解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】"facing foreclosure"most probably implies
【主题句】 第2自然段Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance their long-desired things , without clearly explaining the risks. Some widows were pressured not to have their names on the contract, without being told that they could be left facing foreclosure after their husbands died.另一些则向老年人推销贷款，承诺贷款是免费的，可以用来为他们长期想要的东西买单，而没有清楚地解释风险。一些寡妇被迫未在合同上写上自己的名字，而没有被告知，在丈夫去世后，她们可能会面临丧失抵押出去的房产。
【解析】本题的问题是“短语"facing foreclosure"（面对丧失抵押品赎回权）最可能暗示____”。 A选项“寡妇被强迫舍弃自己本来的名字”；B选项“寡妇可能被强迫离开自己的家”；C选项“寡妇误解了反向抵押贷款”；D选项“寡妇不知道自己长久以来渴望得到的东西是什么”。根据题目中关键词找到主题句，在签署反向抵押贷款合同时，一些寡妇没有在合同上签字，因此在丈夫去世后，她们可能会丧失自己的房产。故B选项正确。 -
第12题：
问答题◆Topic 2: Does blacklisting student loan defaulters help repayments to banks? News report: Between 2005 and 2007, the China Development Bank offered 1.66 billion yuan worth of loans to 243,000 students from poor families in central China’s Henan Province. Last May, the Bank and the Henan Provincial Education Department jointly issued an ultimatum requiring 223 college graduates to pay off the interest on their student loan within 30 days. Nevertheless, the students failed to repay the debts as required. Now the colleges and banks cannot contact these students after their graduation as they have not notified banks of their changes of address. It is in this situation that the China Development Bank and the Education Department decided to publish the personal information of these students in accordance with relevant regulations concerning student loans. Questions for reference: 1. Should the personal information of these students be published or not? Give your reasons. 2. How should the student loan system be improved and perfected? 3. What are the possible consequences that might follow if the personal information of such students are published?正确答案： 【参考答案】
My name is...My registration number is...Today I will talk about the question…Does blacklisting student loan defaulters help repayments to banks?
Here is the thing: The students have failed to repay the debts as required by banks and they are now out of contact after their graduation as they have not notified banks of their changes of addresses. Therefore some banks have decided to publish the personal information of these students in accordance with relevant regulations concerning student loans. As a consequence, those who fail to contact their schools and banks in time will have their bad credit record included in the central bank’s personal credit information database, which will clearly place a black mark on these students’ future lives and careers.
This question claims for more comprehensive consideration. Here I want to point out that many people have shown their sympathy for these students. As for students who depend on loans for completing college education, they sometimes have a sense of inferiority and often face some kind of psychological pressure. Faced with the tight employment situation, they are already becoming worried whether they can repay education loans. Now, banks’ exposure of students defaulting on education loans will undoubtedly cast a bigger shadow on them. The exposure of their “bad credit record” would make it difficult for them to find a job after graduation. Worse still, the exposure may even deprive an already employed student of a job, further harming his ability to pay off the loan. In other words, to expose their personal information will often damage students’ reputations and may well deprive many students of valuable future jobs and promotion opportunities, putting them in an even more difficult financial position. One of the ways to deal with loan defaulters is to go to court, file litigation against them, and settle the issue through legal means. On the other hand, banks and education authorities could take further measures and improve the loan system so as to avoid the occurrence of defaulting on payment of education loans.解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
听力原文：M: What about the interest rate?
W: Well, the discount rate is given in accordance with the terms of the bill, time of discount, the amount, the reputation of the drawee and the drawer.
Q: What are they talking about?
(14)
A．The interest rate of savings account.
B．The discounting rate for drafts.
C．The rediscounting rate.
D．The interest rate for loans.
正确答案：B
解析：根据女士的回答，贴现率是根据单据的款项、贴现的时间和数额及出票人和收票人的信誉来定的，由此可知他们谈论的是汇票的贴现率。 -
第14题：
Banks will usually grant unsecured loans to ______.
A．individuals with steady job held for years
B．individuals with a good credit record
C．large commercial companies with a strong financial condition
D．all of the above
正确答案：D
解析：文章最后一段提到Business firms are not the only ones...on an unsecured basis. 银行发放的信用贷款的对象一般可以分为个人和公司，作为个人必须具有固定的职业、较好的信用记录等，而公司客户则需要有良好的财务状况。 -
第15题：
听力原文：Although banks are involved in documentary collection, they offer no bank guarantee to either the buyer or the seller.
(10)
A．Banks may guarantee the buyer or the seller in documentary collection.
B．Banks act as agents without responsibility of guarantee on either side.
C．Banks offer bank guarantee to both the buyer and the seller in documentary collection.
D．Banks are only responsible for the buyer in documentary collection.
正确答案：B
解析：单句意思为“银行在跟单托收中没有义务向买方或是卖方提供银行担保。” -
第16题：
What will happen if there is one commercial bank and no thrifts in a small town?
A．The residents will deposit their money with the bank.
B．The local bank will provide business loans to the commercial bank.
C．Some large banks will transport money by check to the bank.
D．People in the area will not deposit money with the bank.
正确答案：A
解析：文章第二段提到If there is one commercial bank...deposit their funds in the local bank.在一些偏远地区的小镇，如果只有一家商业银行而没有其他银行的时候，居民会把钱存入当地的银行。 -
第17题：
If we make loans to governments, we may suffer "sovereign risk".
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Doesn't say
正确答案：A
解析：从文中第三句话Even loans to governments may be unsafe, however, because of what is called "sovereign risk"可以看出。 -
第18题：
There's been a steady drumbeat of warmings about a surge in risky corporate borrowing-but not much clarity serious the threat is. At issue is the more than S1 million market in leveraged loans. That's Wall Street jargon for loans to business with less than rook-solid finances, Federal Reserve and European Central Hank officials have drawn to the rise in corporate debt and the deterioration or lending standards. The loans are often bundled into securities ollateralized loan obligations (CLOs).
Most of the watchdogs are carceful to say a repeat of the 2007-2008 crisis is unlikely because most of the debt banks. But that creates another problem Regulators focused on banks are largely in the dark when it comes to where the risks he and how they might ripple through the financial system when the economy turns down. A big over-indebted businesses could face severe stress and, in some cases, insolvency, threatening jobs and deepen downturn.
The mechanics of the leveraged loan market will be familiar to students of the housing crisis.
With interesting investors are willing to take greater risks to get higher yields. That makes lots of money available for lending. we makes it easier for less creditworthy companies to borrow .Rather than keep the risky loans on their books, lender them to asset managers that package them into securities -C1Ds-that are sold to investors such as insurers and hedge funds.
Yields on the riskicst portions of CLOs can approach 9% a year. And the growth of leveraged lending has been post crisis bank regulations that helped the rise or shadow lenders financial companics that aren't regulated like market for levcraged loans has more than doubled since 2012.
The risk taking could get worse: With demand by borrowers for levcraged loans declining this year, those still financing have been able to extract looser learns.
About 85% of leveraged loans are held by nonbanks, according to Wells Fargo rescarch.
But banks may play a larger robe than may assumc, according to Gaurav V asisht, drector for financial regulation at the Volcker Alliance, a good-governance group, Banks are involved in all stages of the process. They underwrite loans, sell them to the CLOs, invest in those securities, and then hedge those risks in the market.“One common narrative is that banks don't have much risk or aren't exposed 1o it. Vasisht said at the hearing, "Banks are exposed to it."
Just beeause banks are safer doesn't necessarily mean the financial system is, says Karen Petron, managing partner at Federal Financial Analytics, a regulatory- analysis firm. Debt investors might not be as resilient in a crisis, and their problems could create shock waves. "Banking regulators are being a htte myopic when they 're looking only at the banking system for systemic risk," she says.- Sally Bakewell and Thomas Beardsworth.
What does the undcrlined word "'myopie" mean in the last paragraph?( )
A. optimistic
B. pessimistic
C. short-sighted
D. sarcastic答案：C解析：当银行监管机构只考虑银行的系统性风险时，就有些“近视”了，由only我们可知，这里想说的是目光短浅，所以答案选B. -
第19题：
There's been a steady drumbeat of warmings about a surge in risky corporate borrowing-but not much clarity serious the threat is. At issue is the more than S1 million market in leveraged loans. That's Wall Street jargon for loans to business with less than rook-solid finances, Federal Reserve and European Central Hank officials have drawn to the rise in corporate debt and the deterioration or lending standards. The loans are often bundled into securities ollateralized loan obligations (CLOs).
Most of the watchdogs are carceful to say a repeat of the 2007-2008 crisis is unlikely because most of the debt banks. But that creates another problem Regulators focused on banks are largely in the dark when it comes to where the risks he and how they might ripple through the financial system when the economy turns down. A big over-indebted businesses could face severe stress and, in some cases, insolvency, threatening jobs and deepen downturn.
The mechanics of the leveraged loan market will be familiar to students of the housing crisis.
With interesting investors are willing to take greater risks to get higher yields. That makes lots of money available for lending. we makes it easier for less creditworthy companies to borrow .Rather than keep the risky loans on their books, lender them to asset managers that package them into securities -C1Ds-that are sold to investors such as insurers and hedge funds.
Yields on the riskicst portions of CLOs can approach 9% a year. And the growth of leveraged lending has been post crisis bank regulations that helped the rise or shadow lenders financial companics that aren't regulated like market for levcraged loans has more than doubled since 2012.
The risk taking could get worse: With demand by borrowers for levcraged loans declining this year, those still financing have been able to extract looser learns.
About 85% of leveraged loans are held by nonbanks, according to Wells Fargo rescarch.
But banks may play a larger robe than may assumc, according to Gaurav V asisht, drector for financial regulation at the Volcker Alliance, a good-governance group, Banks are involved in all stages of the process. They underwrite loans, sell them to the CLOs, invest in those securities, and then hedge those risks in the market.“One common narrative is that banks don't have much risk or aren't exposed 1o it. Vasisht said at the hearing, "Banks are exposed to it."
Just beeause banks are safer doesn't necessarily mean the financial system is, says Karen Petron, managing partner at Federal Financial Analytics, a regulatory- analysis firm. Debt investors might not be as resilient in a crisis, and their problems could create shock waves. "Banking regulators are being a htte myopic when they 're looking only at the banking system for systemic risk," she says.- Sally Bakewell and Thomas Beardsworth.
According to the article, which of the following statements is true?( d )A. The mechanics of leveraged loans are different from that of housing crisis.
B. regulators admit that the financial crisis in 2008 might repeat.
C. shadow lenders will be regulated.
D. banks are not immune from the risks of corporate debt.答案：D解析：文章第三段提到它与住房贷款危机极为相似，第二段开头指出多数监管机构表示，由于大多数债务银行的存在，不太可能重演2007-2008年的危机，第四段最后部分指出该法规帮助那些影子贷方自2012年以来增长了一倍以上，因此排除ABC。文章倒数第二段中提到，有说法认为银行并未存在风险，但其实不然，所以答案选D，银行也并不能免疫。 -
第20题：
Financial institutions deal with financial assets，assets that promise future payments from financial contracts, such as securities and loans.These institutions also deliver services, relying on their reputations to attract customers for relationships ofte答案：解析：金融机构处理金融资产，这些资产是承诺未来收益的金融合同，如股票和贷款。这些机 构同样提供服务，这依赖于声誉吸引基于信任关系的客户。类似地，非金融企业期望未来的现 金形式的收益，或者来自其有形的服务产品或者来自可识别的商标品牌、某个生产过程的专利。 因为资产种类众多，将其分为两类比较方便：实物资产和金融资产。实物资产是那些基于基本质量提供收益的资产，一个人的家的价值与其建筑质量、所在位置和大小相关，一个公司的主 要的电脑提供的收益是基于其速度、内存大小、用途的便利以及维修的频率，而金融资产是能 从签署合约的团体手中收到未来承诺收益的合约。 与其他机构一样，金融机构需要并使用资产，以使得收益超过成本，金融机构和其他公司 最关键的不同是金融机构持有的大部分资产事金融资产。金融机构使用来自存款者的资金来获 取对他人的金融索取权。他们也许会将资金借给个人、企业或者政府，它们也会购买其他企业 的股权，金融机构期望的未来收益依赖于他们购买的金融负债所有者的绩效。金融机构和其他 公司的主要区别并不在于它们筹集资金的方式，因为所有企业都这样筹集金融负债.而在于他 们如何运用这比资金。 -
第21题：
资料：（二）
The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out. Reverse mortgages, which allow homeowners 62 or older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die, have long been said with problems. Now, federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers, including former sub-prime lenders, flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record highs.
Some lenders are aggressively recommending loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them, without mentioning the property taxes and maintenance. Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance their long-desired things, without clearly explaining the risks. Some widows were pressured not to have their names on the contract, without being told that they could be left facing foreclosureafter their husbands died.
Now, as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings, the newly established Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders. More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding, according to the federal government.
Concerns about the multi-billion dollar reverse mortgages market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis when consumers were marketed loans—often carrying hidden risks—that they could not afford. “There are many of the same red flags, including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regarded to suitability,“sad Lori Swanson, the Minnesota attorney general, who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.
The“red flags ”of reverse mortgage don't include______.A.explosive growth
B.the reform of reverse mortgage market
C.little consideration to suitability
D.aggressive and improper marketing答案：B解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】The"red flags"of reverse mortgage;don't include
【主题句】第4自然段There are many of the same red flags, including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regarded to suitability。有许多相同的危险信号，包括爆炸性的增长，以及这些贷款常常被大肆宣传而不考虑是否合适。
【解析】本题的问题是“反向抵押贷款的‘危险信号’不包括____”。 A选项“爆炸性增长”；B选项“反向抵押贷款市场的改革”；C选项“对适用性不加考虑”；D选项“咄咄逼人、不当的宣传销售”。根据题目中关键词找到主题句，A、C、D三个选项符合危险信号，故B选项正确。 -
第22题：
资料：Italy's next government, a coalition between the populistFive Star Movement and the far-right Northern League, is giving investors plenty to worry about. Leaked plans, hastily abandoned, suggested it might want to leave the euro or ask the European Central Bank to forgive €250bn（$292bn） of Italian debt. But less attention has been paid to what it might mean for Italian banks, and in particular for their biggest burden: non-performing loans（NPLs）. Over €185bn of NPLs were outstanding at the end of 2017, the most for any country in the European Union. （1）
By comparison with Greece where NPLs are 45% of loans, Italy looks manageable with just 11.1%. And it has made progress: in late 2015 NPLs were 16.8% of loans. But any wild policy lurches would put that progress in question. The clean-up of banks’ books has relied on openness to foreign investors. Huge volumes of NPLs（€37bn in 2016 and over €47bn in 2017, according to Deloitte, a consultancy） have been sold by banks, often to specialist American hedge funds like Cerberus Capital Management or Fortress. （2）
These so-called vulture funds may find life harder under the new government. Given the importance of being able to repossess the collateral for secured loans, NPL investors have been taken aback by a proposal to prevent any action against a debtor without the involvement of a court. This would run counter to efforts to increase the use of out-of-court settlement for collateral across the EU. （3）
The future of GACS, a scheme for providing an Italian government guarantee to the senior tranches of NPL securitisations （with the EU's blessing）, is also in question. Despite a slow start in 2016, it has come to play a large role. An NPL sale last year by UniCredit, a large bank, worth€l7.7bn, was subject to the scheme. Another €38bn-worh of Italian NPL deals in progress will be too, according to Debtwire, a news service. But investors now worry that GACS will not be renewed once it expires失效 in September, contrary to previous plans. （4）
European regulators have made a concerted effort to deal with NPLs. In March the European Commission proposed laws to make cross-border operations easier for debt （5）
Markets have deepened in tandem. As well as the specialist funds doing large deals,more options for trading NPLs have emerged. One example is Debitos, a trading platform that started in Germany and that allows investors to trade in NPLs from 11 European countries, including Italy and Greece. Most of its sales are between €50m and €200m and interest often comes from local investors, says Timur Peters, its founder—for example, from individuals who buy property—backed NPLs as a way to acquire those properties. （6）
A liquid pan-European market in NPLs ought to prevent banks’ bad loans from accumulating and threatening their stability, as during the most recent crisis. But Italy would, because of its sheer size, be the largest source of such loans for the foreseeable future. And any market with real doubts about the largest supplier is almost certain to be a stunted one. （7）
Which is incorrect about the chart?A.The total loans of Italy were about €1667bn in the year of 2017.
B.The proportion of the NPLs in total loans of Greece is the highest among all.
C.Greece had much more total loans than that of Spain in spite of lower NPLs.
D.France had most total loans in the list of about €4350bn in 2017.答案：C解析：本题考查的是细节判断。
【关键词】incorrect，chart
【主题句】见表格
【解析】题目意为“根据表格，以下哪项是错误的？”选项A意为“2017年意大利总贷款约为16670亿欧元”，由表格可知，意大利2017年4月贷款约为18850亿欧元，占整年总贷款的，因此意大利整年总贷款为亿欧元，故选项A正确。选项B意为“希腊NPL总贷款占比是最高的”，根据表格可以看到，希腊总贷款占比为，为所有表格中国家最高，故选项B正确。选项C意为“尽管不良贷款率较低，但希腊的贷款总额远远高于西班牙”，根据表格可以看出，希腊的总贷款亿欧元，西班牙总贷款亿欧元，故选项C错误。选项D意为“2017年法国总贷款是表格中最高的，约为43500亿欧元”，根据表格，运算可知，选项D正确。题目要求选择错误的一项。 -
第23题：
资料：（二）
The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out. Reverse mortgages, which allow homeowners 62 or older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die, have long been said with problems. Now, federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers, including former sub-prime lenders, flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record highs.
Some lenders are aggressively recommending loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them, without mentioning the property taxes and maintenance. Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance their long-desired things, without clearly explaining the risks. Some widows were pressured not to have their names on the contract, without being told that they could be left facing foreclosureafter their husbands died.
Now, as the vast baby boomer generation is entering retirement and more seniors struggle with declining savings, the newly established Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders. More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding, according to the federal government.
Concerns about the multi-billion dollar reverse mortgages market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis when consumers were marketed loans—often carrying hidden risks—that they could not afford. “There are many of the same red flags, including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often advertised aggressively without regarded to suitability,“sad Lori Swanson, the Minnesota attorney general, who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.
Which is true about the problem of reverse mortgage?A.Some lenders are unwilling to lend money to seniors.
B.The borrowers cannot pay back the money as expected.
C.Federal and state regulators are documenting the objection.
D.Some lenders go bankrupt.答案：B解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】true；problem of reverse mortgage
【主题句】第1自然段The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out. Reverse mortgages, which allow homeowners 62 or older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die, have long been said with problems. 本来应该帮助老年人留在家中的贷款在很多情况下反而把他们逐出家门。长期以来，人们一直说反向抵押贷款存在问题，这种贷款允许62岁以上的房主以房屋价值为抵押借款，直到他们搬出去或死后才还款。
【解析】本题的问题是“关于反向抵押贷款的问题正确的说法是？”。 A选项“一些放款人不想把钱借给老年人”；B选项“借款人无法如预期中归还款项”；C选项“联邦和州监管部门正在制定反对意见”；D选项“一些放款人破产了”。根据题目中关键词找到主题句，可以看出反向抵押贷款的最大问题是借款方老年人无法按时还款，因此可能损失自己的房产。故B选项正确。