(b) The chief executive of Xalam Co, an exporter of specialist equipment, has asked for advice on the accounting
treatment and disclosure of payments made for security consultancy services. The payments, which aim to
ensure that consignments are not impounded in the destination country of a major customer, may be material to
the financial statements for the year ending 30 June 2006. Xalam does not treat these payments as tax
deductible. (4 marks)
Required:
Identify and comment on the ethical and other professional issues raised by each of these matters and state what
action, if any, Dedza should now take.
NOTE: The mark allocation is shown against each of the three situations.
第1题:
Payments should be made ( )sight draft.
A、at
B、upon
C、by
D、after
第2题:
Moonstar Co is a property development company which is planning to undertake a $200 million commercial property development. Moonstar Co has had some difficulties over the last few years, with some developments not generating the expected returns and the company has at times struggled to pay its finance costs. As a result Moonstar Co’s credit rating has been lowered, affecting the terms it can obtain for bank finance. Although Moonstar Co is listed on its local stock exchange, 75% of the share capital is held by members of the family who founded the company. The family members who are shareholders do not wish to subscribe for a rights issue and are unwilling to dilute their control over the company by authorising a new issue of equity shares. Moonstar Co’s board is therefore considering other methods of financing the development, which the directors believe will generate higher returns than other recent investments, as the country where Moonstar Co is based appears to be emerging from recession.
Securitisation proposals
One of the non-executive directors of Moonstar Co has proposed that it should raise funds by means of a securitisation process, transferring the rights to the rental income from the commercial property development to a special purpose vehicle. Her proposals assume that the leases will generate an income of 11% per annum to Moonstar Co over a ten-year period. She proposes that Moonstar Co should use 90% of the value of the investment for a collateralised loan obligation which should be structured as follows:
– 60% of the collateral value to support a tranche of A-rated floating rate loan notes offering investors LIBOR plus 150 basis points
– 15% of the collateral value to support a tranche of B-rated fixed rate loan notes offering investors 12%
– 15% of the collateral value to support a tranche of C-rated fixed rate loan notes offering investors 13%
– 10% of the collateral value to support a tranche as subordinated certificates, with the return being the excess of receipts over payments from the securitisation process
The non-executive director believes that there will be sufficient demand for all tranches of the loan notes from investors. Investors will expect that the income stream from the development to be low risk, as they will expect the property market to improve with the recession coming to an end and enough potential lessees to be attracted by the new development.
The non-executive director predicts that there would be annual costs of $200,000 in administering the loan. She acknowledges that there would be interest rate risks associated with the proposal, and proposes a fixed for variable interest rate swap on the A-rated floating rate notes, exchanging LIBOR for 9·5%.
However the finance director believes that the prediction of the income from the development that the non-executive director has made is over-optimistic. He believes that it is most likely that the total value of the rental income will be 5% lower than the non-executive director has forecast. He believes that there is some risk that the returns could be so low as to jeopardise the income for the C-rated fixed rate loan note holders.
Islamic finance
Moonstar Co’s chief executive has wondered whether Sukuk finance would be a better way of funding the development than the securitisation.
Moonstar Co’s chairman has pointed out that a major bank in the country where Moonstar Co is located has begun to offer a range of Islamic financial products. The chairman has suggested that a Mudaraba contract would be the most appropriate method of providing the funds required for the investment.
Required:
(a) Calculate the amounts in $ which each of the tranches can expect to receive from the securitisation arrangement proposed by the non-executive director and discuss how the variability in rental income affects the returns from the securitisation. (11 marks)
(b) Discuss the benefits and risks for Moonstar Co associated with the securitisation arrangement that the non-executive director has proposed. (6 marks)
(c) (i) Discuss the suitability of Sukuk finance to fund the investment, including an assessment of its appeal to potential investors. (4 marks)
(ii) Discuss whether a Mudaraba contract would be an appropriate method of financing the investment and discuss why the bank may have concerns about providing finance by this method. (4 marks)
(a) An annual cash flow account compares the estimated cash flows receivable from the property against the liabilities within the securitisation process. The swap introduces leverage into the arrangement.

The holders of the certificates are expected to receive $3·17million on $18 million, giving them a return of 17·6%. If the cash flows are 5% lower than the non-executive director has predicted, annual revenue received will fall to $20·90 million, reducing the balance available for the subordinated certificates to $2·07 million, giving a return of 11·5% on the subordinated certificates, which is below the returns offered on the B and C-rated loan notes. The point at which the holders of the certificates will receive nothing and below which the holders of the C-rated loan notes will not receive their full income will be an annual income of $18·83 million (a return of 9·4%), which is 14·4% less than the income that the non-executive director has forecast.
(b) Benefits
The finance costs of the securitisation may be lower than the finance costs of ordinary loan capital. The cash flows from the commercial property development may be regarded as lower risk than Moonstar Co’s other revenue streams. This will impact upon the rates that Moonstar Co is able to offer borrowers.
The securitisation matches the assets of the future cash flows to the liabilities to loan note holders. The non-executive director is assuming a steady stream of lease income over the next 10 years, with the development probably being close to being fully occupied over that period.
The securitisation means that Moonstar Co is no longer concerned with the risk that the level of earnings from the properties will be insufficient to pay the finance costs. Risks have effectively been transferred to the loan note holders.
Risks
Not all of the tranches may appeal to investors. The risk-return relationship on the subordinated certificates does not look very appealing, with the return quite likely to be below what is received on the C-rated loan notes. Even the C-rated loan note holders may question the relationship between the risk and return if there is continued uncertainty in the property sector.
If Moonstar Co seeks funding from other sources for other developments, transferring out a lower risk income stream means that the residual risks associated with the rest of Moonstar Co’s portfolio will be higher. This may affect the availability and terms of other borrowing.
It appears that the size of the securitisation should be large enough for the costs to be bearable. However Moonstar Co may face unforeseen costs, possibly unexpected management or legal expenses.
(c) (i) Sukuk finance could be appropriate for the securitisation of the leasing portfolio. An asset-backed Sukuk would be the same kind of arrangement as the securitisation, where assets are transferred to a special purpose vehicle and the returns and repayments are directly financed by the income from the assets. The Sukuk holders would bear the risks and returns of the relationship.
The other type of Sukuk would be more like a sale and leaseback of the development. Here the Sukuk holders would be guaranteed a rental, so it would seem less appropriate for Moonstar Co if there is significant uncertainty about the returns from the development.
The main issue with the asset-backed Sukuk finance is whether it would be as appealing as certainly the A-tranche of the securitisation arrangement which the non-executive director has proposed. The safer income that the securitisation offers A-tranche investors may be more appealing to investors than a marginally better return from the Sukuk. There will also be costs involved in establishing and gaining approval for the Sukuk, although these costs may be less than for the securitisation arrangement described above.
(ii) A Mudaraba contract would involve the bank providing capital for Moonstar Co to invest in the development. Moonstar Co would manage the investment which the capital funded. Profits from the investment would be shared with the bank, but losses would be solely borne by the bank. A Mudaraba contract is essentially an equity partnership, so Moonstar Co might not face the threat to its credit rating which it would if it obtained ordinary loan finance for the development. A Mudaraba contract would also represent a diversification of sources of finance. It would not require the commitment to pay interest that loan finance would involve.
Moonstar Co would maintain control over the running of the project. A Mudaraba contract would offer a method of obtaining equity funding without the dilution of control which an issue of shares to external shareholders would bring. This is likely to make it appealing to Moonstar Co’s directors, given their desire to maintain a dominant influence over the business.
The bank would be concerned about the uncertainties regarding the rental income from the development. Although the lack of involvement by the bank might appeal to Moonstar Co's directors, the bank might not find it so attractive. The bank might be concerned about information asymmetry – that Moonstar Co’s management might be reluctant to supply the bank with the information it needs to judge how well its investment is performing.
第3题:
第4题:
In the Configuration Manager, under the WebSphere Commerce Instance Properties, what is the Payments panel used for? It allows an Administrator to:()
第5题:
The carrier has to take care of the risk of freight payments by the individual shippers when handling LCL shipments.
第6题:
Which of the following are true about WebSphere Commerce Payments cassettes?()
第7题:
Which of the following would be true if an administrator tried to create a commerce instance with Commerce Payments configuration values, without having Commerce Payments installed?()
第8题:
第9题:
drop and re-create the WebSphere Commerce Payments database.
stop and start the Payment Engine.
configure WebSphere Commerce Server communication with WebSphere Commerce Payments Server.
specify what type of Database software will be used for the WebSphere Commerce Payments database.
第10题:
The technical specialist has supported multiple Cluster 1350 environments. References will be provided.
The technical specialist is Linux-certified by two industry groups. Certificate copies will be provided.
The technical specialist has worked on multiple UNIX consolidation projects. References will be provided.
The technical specialist has worked on Linux consolidation efforts. References will be provided.
第11题:
对
错
第12题:
The commerce instance would be created successfully.
Attempting to configure payments instance after the commerce instance is already created will not be possible.
The commerce instance creation will fail on the step that would normally configure the payments instance.
After installing Commerce Payments, the administrator can enter the needed payment configuration values through the Administration Console.
第13题:
You are the network administrator for Ezonexam.com. The file server for the accounting department is a Windows 2000 Server computer named Ezonexam1. You have created a folder named Payments on the system partition of Ezonexam1. Payments is shared on the network as Payments with the default share permissions. The owner of the Payments folder is domain Admins. The NTFS permissions are shown in the following table.
NTFS Permissions
Domain Admins: Allow Read
Accounting: Allow Full Control
There is a file called review.doc in the Payment folder. The owner of review.doc is a user named Paul who is on a temporary leave of absence. The NTFS permissions for the file list only Paul on the access control list, with Full Control permission.
You want to remove Paul's access to review.doc and grant the Modify permission for a user named Lily Loo. You open the Security properties of review.doc and discover that you are unable to modify the permissions of the file.
You want to be able to remove Paul's access and grant Lily Loo the Modify permission on review.doc.
What should you do?
A.Take ownership of the file.
B.Take ownership of the Payments folder.
C.Grant Domain Admins Full control of the Payments shared folder.
D.Grant Domain Admins Change for the Payments shared folder.
第14题:
第15题:
A customer SAN environment has undergone significant growth over the past two years. They havealso suffered a high turnover rate with administrative personnel. The customer has asked a storage specialist for help in documenting and understanding their changing SAN environment. The ability to make configuration changes to devices would be a plus. Which tool should the storage specialist suggest()
第16题:
How can WebSphere Commerce Payments be started?()
第17题:
A financial industry customer will consolidate their Intel-based servers to a p5-550 running AIX, and needs experienced technical services. What information should the account executive provide to the customer to assure them that the technical specialist has the required experience?()
第18题:
Which of the following methods can be used to enable/disable the Commerce Payments CustomOffline cassette?()
第19题:
By executing the payments ’startWCP’ command with the appropriate parameters.
WebSphere Application Server provides a command to start it.
The Configuration Manager provides a start option for it.
From the WebSphere Commerce Payments User Interface.
From the WebSphere Commerce Administration console.
第20题:
第21题:
The site does not need a cassette, unless the site requires real-time credit card validation.
A cassette is a piece of plug-in software that provides support for a specific payment system.
The CyberCash cassette is installed by default, with the installation of WebSphere Commerce Payments.
Third party companies can create custom cassettes that will work with WebSphere Commerce Payments.
Cassettes convert the merchant payment request to the payment protocol of the local payment system.
第22题:
concerned by the drop in insurance payments and the failure of the accounting department to obtain
concerning the drop in payments by insurance and the failure of the accounting department to obtain
because of its concern for the dropping insurance payments and the accounting department’s failure at obtaining
in its concern that the drop in insurance payments and the failure of the accounting department to obtain
being concerned about the drop in insurance payments and the accounting department falling to obtain
第23题:
From WebSphere Commerce Configuration Manager
By updating the ENABLED column in the CASSETTES table
By running the ’configureCassette’ command
From WebSphere Commerce Administration Console
From WebSphere Commerce Payments User Interface