The__________ approach to writing teaching pays attention to not only what to write, but also how to write. A.product-oriented B.process-oriented C.form-focused D.meaning-focused

题目
The__________ approach to writing teaching pays attention to not only what to write, but also how to write.

A.product-oriented
B.process-oriented
C.form-focused
D.meaning-focused

相似考题

4._________[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B] After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A & P,” the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.

更多“The__________ approach to writing teaching pays attention to not only what to write, but also how to write. ”相关问题
  • 第1题:

    He is only ten months. He can either read or write.()

    此题为判断题(对,错)。


    参考答案:错误

  • 第2题:

    Peer-editing during class is an important step of the _ approach to teaching writing.

    A. genre-based
    B. content-based
    C. process-oriented
    D. product-oriented

    答案:C
    解析:
    考查写作教学。写作教学分为重结果的写作、重内容的写作和重过程的写作。在重过程的写作中,修改(自改和互改)、校对和讨论是其过程的重要组成部分,题干意思是课堂上同桌互改的活动对于哪种模式的写作教学很重要。故选C。

  • 第3题:

    The_______approach to writing teaching pays attention to not only what to write, but also how to write.

    A.product-oriented
    B.process-oriented
    C.form-focused
    D.meaning-focused

    答案:B
    解析:
    考查写作教学模式。写作教学的模式通常有content-oriented approach(内容导向写作教学模式),pmcess—oriented approach(过程写作教学模式),product-oriented approach(结果导向写作教学模式)等。几种模式中,过程写作教学模式是将写作内容与过程并重的,故选B。

  • 第4题:

    The _____ approach to writing teaching pays attention to not only what to write, but also how to write.

    A.product-oriented
    B.process-orienteD.C.form-focused
    D.meaning-focuseD.

    答案:B
    解析:
    考查写作技能教学。
    根据概念可知,重过程的写作,该写作集中于写作思路的产生和形成。
    故此题的正确答案为B。

  • 第5题:

    共用题干
    Spelling and Writing
    There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.
    There are , however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much priority(优先)it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is,how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?
    If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest,clearly a bright child will be likely to"play safe".He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid adventurous language .That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
    I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal ex- perience:"This work is terrible!There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible(难以辨认的)."It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing,but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contamned some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,but if his priorities had centered on the child's ideas,an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.

    The major point discussed in the passage is______.
    A: the importance of developing writing skills
    B: the complexities of spelling
    C: the correct way of marking compositions
    D: the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition

    答案:D
    解析:
    细节题。文中作者在第一段第三句中已经指出“...or how much priority it must be given over general language development and reading ability.”的内容与选项B的意思相关。所以本题应选B。


    推论题。在这个短语前面说如果教师在评阅学生作文时仅仅把重点放在单词拼写正确与否上,聪明的学生就很可能play safe,所以选D。


    细节题。第二段的最后一句点出了教师鼓励学生尽早使用字典的目的,即:使他们能够pay attention to content,所以选A。


    细节题。要求推断作者对某位教师批阅学生作文时所持的态度。第三段第一句的谓语动词shocked一词就集中体现了作者的态度,所以选B。


    本题考查本文的中心思想,单词的正确拼写与写作内容的关系是本文的中心话题。

  • 第6题:

    There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No?school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.There?are,however,vastly different ideas about how to teach it,or how much priority it must be given?over general language development and writing ability.The problem is,how to encourage a child to?express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of?spelling.
    If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher′s interest,clearly a bright child will be likely?to"play safe".He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid adventurous?language.That′s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content?rather than technical ability.
    I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience:"This work is terrible!There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible(难以辨认的)."It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil′s technical abilities in writing,but it?was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contained some?beautiful expressions of the child′s deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the
    errors,but if his priorities had centred on the child′s idea,an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.

    The writer seems to think that the teacher′s judgement on that sensitive piece of writing?is__________.

    A.reasonable
    B.unfair
    C.foolish
    D.careless

    答案:B
    解析:
    【考情点拨】推理判断题。【应试指导】在文章第三段中,作者见到教师对一个孩子习作的评语时,认为这种批评太尖刻,而且这位教师并没有注意到这篇习作的内容,所以这种批评是不公平的。

  • 第7题:



    二、考题解析
    【教案】
    Teaching aims:
    Knowledge aim:
    Students can express their opinion and give others solutions on the topic.
    Ability aim:
    Students can develop their logical thinking ability through writing.
    Emotional aim:
    Students will know how to get along with their parents and then love and cherish their family.
    Key and difficult point:
    Key Point: Students make clear about how to give others suggestions. .
    Difficult Point: Students can understanding the deep meaning of family.
    Teaching procedure:
    Step 1: Warming-up
    1. Greetings.
    2. Sing a song : Five Hundred Miles, then ask students the theme of the song, if they don’t know, the teacher will tell them that the song is used to express the feeling of wandering one missing his families.
    Step 2: Pre-writing
    1. The teacher read the letter to students and let students pay attention to the feeling of the author.
    2. Brainstorming: tell students they should write a letter to the author, and what they should do is to have a discussion on the topic what the author should do to get along with her parents, and they are supposed to give as many suggestions as possible.
    3. Then invite some students to write down their ideas on the blackboard.
    4. Analysis the format of letter briefly.
    Step 3: While-writing
    Drafting: According to the analysis above, give students 15 minutes to write a letter to the author. First, remind them of the preparations we made during pre-writing. Secondly, go into them and give them some instructions when they are writing and ask them pay attention to grammar, punctuation, spelling and so on.
    Step4: Post-writing
    1. Peer editing: After the drafting, ask students to check the ideas or the logical development. Pay attention to the grammar, spelling and punctuation of their writings.
    2. Sample show: choose several passages for them to learn and give them some evaluations from the advantages and disadvantages.Then ask them to rectify their own writings according the evaluations.
    Step5: Summary and Homework
    Summary: ask a student to conclude the content of the lesson and summarize with the whole class.
    Homework: ask students to talk about their own problems honestly with their parents and try to solve them together.
    Blackboard design:



    1. Please talk about the principles of teaching writing?
    2. What’s your favorite book?


    答案:
    解析:
    1.
    There are several principles in writing: appropriate approaches; integration principle; communicative principle; realistic principle; procedural principle.
    2.
    Among all the books I have read, A Dream of Red Mansions, one of the four great works in China, an encyclopedia of the ancient Chinese life, is my favorite. What attracts me most in this book are the fabulous communication skills, which provokes me with great inspiration. Take Baochai for instance, though she was nice and considerate to everyone, when she was attacked by ridicules, she would fight back forcefully without hesitation. And her retort was always sparkling with wisdom, which I appreciate so much, and which I believe is indispensable in daily work. I believe that when we are challenged by some sharp questions, we should take Baochai as an example to make a tactful reply.

  • 第8题:



    二、考题解析
    【教案】
    Teaching Aims:
    Knowledge aim: Students will master the content about hobbies.
    Ability aim: Students can improve their writing ability about hobbies, such as drawing.
    Emotional aim: Students will foster a hobby and know how to keep it.
    Teaching Key Points:
    Students know the content about hobbies and can improve their writing ability about hobbies.
    Teaching Difficult Points:题目来源于考生回忆
    Students can learn how to write, basing on their hobbies..
    Teaching Methods:
    Communicative teaching method, task-based teaching method, situational teaching method.
    Teaching Aids:
    PPT, Blackboard and so on
    Teaching Procedures:
    Step 1: Warming up
    1.Greetings
    2. Show two pictures about hobbies , ask all students to observe and describe.
    Step 2: Pre-writing题目来源于考生回忆
    1. Divide students into two groups, group A and group B and ask them to read the the dialogue.
    2. Lead students to summary the main idea.
    3.Read the dialogue by themselves again, then ask them some questions to get details.
    (1) What are they fond of?
    (2) How about drawing, what can it teach you?
    (3) Where will they go?
    4. Ask students to work in groups and discuss, do a survey on hobbies and reason, collecting key points.
    Step 3: While-writing
    Students write an article within 20 minutes.
    Step 4: Post-writing
    1.Self editing: students work in pairs to check if there are faults in spelling and grammar.
    2.Sharing: choose 1-2 writing and show it on the screen.
    3.Evaluating: appreciate and give comments.题目来源于考生回忆
    Step 5: Summary & Homework
    Summary : students look at the blackboard and summarize this class.
    Homework:students talk about their hobbies to their friends or parents.
    Blackboard design:



    答案:
    解析:
    暂无解析

  • 第9题:

    Professor White contributed a lot to our community,()

    • A、teaching, writing, and lecturing   
    • B、teaching, writing, and a lecturer 
    • C、a teacher, a writer, and lecturing   
    • D、teaching, lecturing, and a writer

    正确答案:A

  • 第10题:

    单选题
    The teacher should focus students' attention on ____, not only the use oflanguage form in teaching speaking.
    A

    language meaning

    B

    accent

    C

    origin of language

    D

    interlocutor


    正确答案: A
    解析:

  • 第11题:

    单选题
    _____ method of teaching writing pays great attention to the accuracy of the final product but ignores the process, which the students go through to reach the final goal.
    A

    Form-oriented

    B

    Product-oriented

    C

    Content-oriented

    D

    Process-oriented


    正确答案: A
    解析:
    结果定向的教学模式对写作最后的成果十分重视,但是对写作过程重视不够,不利于写作能力的培养。

  • 第12题:

    单选题
    What writing approach does the following exemplify? The teacher asks the students to work in groups to read, investigate, and search on the Internet on a topic, discuss about what to focus on and then write a report to present in class.
    A

    Product-oriented approach.

    B

    Content-oriented approach.

    C

    Task-based approach.

    D

    Process-oriented approach.


    正确答案: C
    解析:

  • 第13题:

    In an English class,the teacher,firstly,plays the radio and asks students to listen to the tape and understand the dialogue.Then,the teacher asks students to read after the tape to imitate the pronunciation.Next,the teacher asks students to repeat the dialogue in pairs...What teaching method does the teacher use in this class?

    A.Communicative Approach.
    B.Task-Based Teaching Approach.
    C.The Audio-Lingual Approach.
    D.The Audio-Visual Approach.

    答案:C
    解析:
    本题考查听说法

    C选项,题干大意:老师采取的是“听音理解对话的含义——模仿——重复”这样一个教学过程,因此,该教师使用的是听说法。综上,C选项正确。

    A选项,交际法,故排除。

    B选项,任务型教学法 ,故排除。

    D选项,视听法 ,故排除。

    故正确答案为C项。

  • 第14题:

    __________method of teaching writing pays great attention to the accuracy of the finalproduct but ignores the process, which the students go through to reach the final goal.

    A.Form-oriented
    B.Product-oriented
    C.Content-oriented
    D.Process-oriented

    答案:B
    解析:
    考查写作教学。重结果的教学模式对写作最后的成果十分重视,但是却忽视了对写作过程的监控,不利于写作能力的培养。

  • 第15题:

    Peer-editing during class is an important step of the _________ approach to teaching writing.


    A.genre-based

    B.content-based

    C.process-oriented

    D.product-oriented

    答案:C
    解析:
    考查写作教学。题干意思是课堂上同桌互改的活动对于哪种模式的写作教学很重要。写作教学分为重结果的写作,重内容的写作和重过程的写作。在重过程的写作中,修改(自改和互改)、校对和讨论是其过程的重要组成部分,故选C。

  • 第16题:

    共用题干
    Spelling and Writing
    There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.
    There are , however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much priority(优先)it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is,how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?
    If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest,clearly a bright child will be likely to"play safe".He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid adventurous language .That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
    I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal ex- perience:"This work is terrible!There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible(难以辨认的)."It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing,but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contamned some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,but if his priorities had centered on the child's ideas,an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.

    Teachers differ in their opinions about______.
    A: the difficulties in teaching spelling
    B: the role of spelling in general language development
    C: the complexities of the basic writing skills
    D: the necessity of teaching spelling

    答案:B
    解析:
    细节题。文中作者在第一段第三句中已经指出“...or how much priority it must be given over general language development and reading ability.”的内容与选项B的意思相关。所以本题应选B。


    推论题。在这个短语前面说如果教师在评阅学生作文时仅仅把重点放在单词拼写正确与否上,聪明的学生就很可能play safe,所以选D。


    细节题。第二段的最后一句点出了教师鼓励学生尽早使用字典的目的,即:使他们能够pay attention to content,所以选A。


    细节题。要求推断作者对某位教师批阅学生作文时所持的态度。第三段第一句的谓语动词shocked一词就集中体现了作者的态度,所以选B。


    本题考查本文的中心思想,单词的正确拼写与写作内容的关系是本文的中心话题。

  • 第17题:

    共用题干
    Spelling and Writing
    There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.
    There are , however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much priority(优先)it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is,how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?
    If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest,clearly a bright child will be likely to"play safe".He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid adventurous language .That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
    I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal ex- perience:"This work is terrible!There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible(难以辨认的)."It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing,but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contamned some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,but if his priorities had centered on the child's ideas,an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.

    Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that______.
    A: students will be able to express their ideas more freely
    B: teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakes
    C: students will have more confidence in writing
    D: students will learn to be independent of teachers

    答案:A
    解析:
    细节题。文中作者在第一段第三句中已经指出“...or how much priority it must be given over general language development and reading ability.”的内容与选项B的意思相关。所以本题应选B。


    推论题。在这个短语前面说如果教师在评阅学生作文时仅仅把重点放在单词拼写正确与否上,聪明的学生就很可能play safe,所以选D。


    细节题。第二段的最后一句点出了教师鼓励学生尽早使用字典的目的,即:使他们能够pay attention to content,所以选A。


    细节题。要求推断作者对某位教师批阅学生作文时所持的态度。第三段第一句的谓语动词shocked一词就集中体现了作者的态度,所以选B。


    本题考查本文的中心思想,单词的正确拼写与写作内容的关系是本文的中心话题。

  • 第18题:

    There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No?school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.There?are,however,vastly different ideas about how to teach it,or how much priority it must be given?over general language development and writing ability.The problem is,how to encourage a child to?express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of?spelling.
    If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher′s interest,clearly a bright child will be likely?to"play safe".He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid adventurous?language.That′s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content?rather than technical ability.
    I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience:"This work is terrible!There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible(难以辨认的)."It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil′s technical abilities in writing,but it?was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contained some?beautiful expressions of the child′s deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the
    errors,but if his priorities had centred on the child′s idea,an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.

    The expression"play safe"probably means__________.

    A.to write carefully
    B.to do as teachers say
    C.to use dictionaries frequently
    D.to avoid using words one is not sure of

    答案:D
    解析:
    【考情点拨】词语理解题。【应试指导】文章第二段第一句指出,如果教师们过分关注拼写问题,聪明的孩子就可能“做得安全些”,随后又解释到,那就是只用自己有把握拼写正确的词语。

  • 第19题:



    二、考题解析
    【教案】
    Teaching Aims:
    Knowledge aim: Students will master the content about hobbies.
    Ability aim: Students can improve their writing ability about hobbies, such as drawing.
    Emotional aim: Students will foster a hobby and know how to keep it.
    Teaching Key Points:
    Students know the content about hobbies and can improve their writing ability about hobbies.
    Teaching Difficult Points:
    Students can learn how to write, basing on their hobbies..
    Teaching Methods:
    Communicative teaching method, task-based teaching method, situational teaching method.
    Teaching Aids:
    PPT, Blackboard and so on
    Teaching Procedures:
    Step 1: Warming up
    1.Greetings
    2. Show two pictures about hobbies , ask all students to observe and describe.
    Step 2: Pre-writing
    1. Divide students into two groups, group A and group B and ask them to read the the dialogue.
    2. Lead students to summary the main idea.
    3.Read the dialogue by themselves again, then ask them some questions to get details.
    (1) What are they fond of?
    (2) How about drawing, what can it teach you?
    (3) Where will they go?
    4. Ask students to work in groups and discuss, do a survey on hobbies and reason, collecting key points.
    Step 3: While-writing
    Students write an article within 20 minutes.
    Step 4: Post-writing
    1.Self editing: students work in pairs to check if there are faults in spelling and grammar.
    2.Sharing: choose 1-2 writing and show it on the screen.
    3.Evaluating: appreciate and give comments.
    Step 5: Summary & Homework
    Summary : students look at the blackboard and summarize this class.
    Homework:students talk about their hobbies to their friends or parents.
    Blackboard design:



    答案:
    解析:
    暂无解析

  • 第20题:

    小学英语?语音
    一、考题回顾



    二、考题解析
    【教案】
    Teaching aims:
    Knowledge aim:
    Students will know the meaning of the four words and master the pronunciation of them.
    Ability aim:
    Students will know how to write the letters ABCD correctly.
    Emotional aim:
    Students will be more confident in speaking English.
    Students will arouse their interest in learning oral English.
    Key and difficult point:
    Key Point:
    Students will know the meaning of the four words and master the pronunciation of them.
    Students will know how to write the letters ABCD correctly.
    Difficult Point:
    Students will be more confident in speaking English.
    Students will arouse their interest in learning oral English.
    Teaching procedure:
    Step 1: Warming-up
    1. Greetings. Talk about the weather.
    2. Sing a song called ABCD.
    Step 2: Presentation and practice
    1. Write down four pictures one by one to explain the new words. Teach them how to pronounce each word clearly.
    2. Ask the students to read each word after the teacher for twice. Then play high and low voice with them. If the teacher read one word loudly, the students should read it slowly, and vice versa.
    3. Let them notice the first letter of each word and ask what they are. They may answer it is the first four letters in the alphabet. Then teach them how to write them in upper and lower case one by one.
    4. Ask students to play a game called Act and Write. They need to work in groups of 3. One or two students need to form a letter with their bodies. The other student should guess what it is and write down on the blackboard.
    Step4: Production
    1. Ask the students to make up sentences according to the words learned today. Then write them down on the blackboard. Correct mistakes if any.
    Step5: Summary and Homework
    Summary: ask a student to conclude the content of the lesson and summarize with the whole class.
    Homework: ask students to play act and write with their parents.
    Blackboard design:



    1. Which is more important in the lesson, pronunciation or writing?
    2. What will you do if the students do not interact with you?


    答案:
    解析:
    1.
    I think pronunciation and writing are equally important in the lesson. Students could learn and remember the words easily if they know how to pronounce the words. And if they know how to write the letters, they will know how to write the words down gradually. These procedures could help students remember and use the words, so they are all crucial for students.
    2.
    There are several ways to deal with the problem. First, I could arrange more interesting activities to arouse their interest, so that their attention could be attracted. Second, I could praise them more to give encouragement. In this way, they will get positive feedback from the teacher and be more willing to study English. Third, competition is also useful to help catch their eyes. The above ways are conducive to let them interact with you. All you have to do is to choose the most appropriate way in the specific situation.

  • 第21题:

    单选题
    Which is NOT included in Models of Teaching Writing?
    A

    Method-oriented approach.

    B

    Product-oriented approach.

    C

    Content-oriented approach.

    D

    Process-oriented approach.


    正确答案: D
    解析:

  • 第22题:

    问答题
    题目要求:  The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take care to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely.  Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet—you will receive no other paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers.  Important Reminders:  ·A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero.  ·Do not write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on your answer sheet.  ·An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero.  ·If your essay does not reflect your original and individual work, your test scores maybe canceled.  You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below.Practice 1  Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.  The liberally educated person is one who is able to resist the easy and preferred answers, not because he is obstinate but because he knows others worthy of Consideration.  —Allan Bloom  Assignment: What is one important easy and preferred answer that we should resist? That is, what dangerous misconception do people commonly hold? Write an essay in which you answer this question and support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.

    正确答案: 【参考范文】
    One of the most dangerous misconceptions that people hold today is the idea that our enemies are fundamentally different from us. It is easy, to a certain extent, to understand how such a belief comes about. Most human societies must kill in order to survive, but must at the same time prohibit particular kinds of killing. Throughout our history, humans have been meat-eaters, and so must kill and eat animals in order to thrive (the minority of vegetarians notwithstanding). Also, societies must often defend themselves against violent enemies, necessitating the occasional use of deadly force. On the other hand, civilized societies must prohibit most killing within their own ranks, so that their populations do not die out or suffer needlessly.
    So how do humans deal with this dichotomy: the need to kill, at least occasionally, to survive, and the need to prohibit killing within its ranks? Simply, humans have developed the concepts of us and them. It is okay to kill and eat animals because they do not have the value of humans. Perhaps, too, a society may justify the killing of animals by adopting a belief system that says that animals are gifts to humans from a divine being or beings.
    In much the same way, humans are inclined to put their enemies in the category of other, that is, less than human, or to believe that a divine being has given them permission to kill those enemies. Paradoxically, those religious systems are also very likely to have severe restrictions against killing other human beings. In practice, most cultures regard these as restrictions merely against killing their own kind. However, this type of thinking is counterproductive to the goal of building more just and functional societies. If one society can easily categorize another as an enemy and thereby reduce its foes to the status of animal, then the concept of universal human rights is abolished.
    We see the dangers inherent in denying the humanity of our enemies in the United States today. Although the American Constitution champions the concept of inalienable rights that are due to all human beings, the United States Senate is actively engaged in undermining those rights. The right of habeas corpus, that is, the right of a person in custody to seek a hearing to determine whether or not he or she is being held justly, is a cornerstone of the United States Constitution. It is regarded as a fundamental element of a just society. Yet the Senate is seeking to eliminate that right for foreign detainees captured in the war on terror. In other words, the mere suspicion of terrorism—not proof, but suspicion—is evidently reason enough to reduce a human being to the status of an animal. This heinous distinction of us versus them will surely have dire consequences for the United States, who will rightfully be seen as being grossly hypocritical on the matter of human rights.
    Even beyond the trampling of human rights, the us versus them distinction is not even as useful in wartime as it may seem at first glance, because to defeat our enemy, we must understand our enemy. If we begin with the assumption that your enemy lacks human intelligence, desires and motivations, then we risk severely underestimating his ability. Therefore, if the United States continues down this dangerous path, it runs the risk of losing not only the moral war but the actual war.
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第23题:

    问答题
    Training doesn’t just involve teaching someone how to write nifty software or even stick to company policies. It also focuses on softer skills like team-building, leadership and communication. Rather than train only in periods of flux or crisis, entrepreneurs should invest consistently in a structured program along the way. It may sound corny, but small firms that build what consultants like to call a “culture of learning” get more out of their training investments, because they don’t have to “reinvent the wheel” when restarting programs from scratch.

    正确答案:
    培训不仅包括教人如何编写漂亮软件乃至如何遵守公司政策,培训同时也注重一些软技能,如团队建设、领导力以及沟通能力。企业家应该持之以恒地把培训作为一个有计划的项目进行投资,而不仅仅只在动荡或危机时刻才开展培训。这听上去或许有些老套,但是小公司如果致力于营造咨询师所称的“学习文化”的话,就会从其培训投资中获益良多,因为当他们重新启动项目时,无需再做重。
    解析: 暂无解析