上海名校高中自主招生英语语法专练（培优）第6讲：反意疑问句、感叹句、并列句及相关（含答案）
A、Hi! It’s you problem.
B、I weren’t you.
C、If I were you, I would give up.
D、I don’t know.
Mr. Wang hardly spoke a word at the meeting yesterday?(改为反意疑问句)
Mr. Wang hardly spoke a word at the meeting yesterday, ________ ________ ?
did he
----It looks heavy. Can I give you a hand?
----_______.
A. No, thanksB. Yes, my pleasure
C. NO, never mind D. Yes, I do
--It looks heavy. Can I give you a hand?
--_______
A．No, thanks
B．Yes, my pleasure
C．No, never mind
D．Yes, I do
--- ____?
一I’ve never been there but I hope to go there in the future.
A.Where are you going for holiday
B.Have you been to America
C.What did you do last week
第06讲：反意疑问句、感叹句、并列句及相关 考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接 v考点归纳1. 陈述句:肯定: I do hope that you will give up smoking. 强调结构否定: 否定词not, never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, barely, etc. ( cf. unfair, impolite等)当not用来否定句中的非谓语动词成分，此时仅为局部否定，不构成否定句，仍为肯定句，如I should have presented her not a gold ring but something else.否定转移: (一般仅出现在主语为第一人称时)如think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等表示看法，或seem等表示感觉的动词后接宾语从句时，需将表示否定意义的否定词not转移到主句中；若主句含情态动词，则不转移双重否定: Man cant live without air. / I was not a little worried. = I was very much worried.2. 祈使句: 肯定与否定 Hurry up. / Do it again, or you will regret. / Never do it again.3. 疑问句: 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句4. 反意疑问句(附加疑问句)基本规律:“前肯后否，前否后肯”；不管陈述句的主语是哪种词类，在反意疑问句中一律用代词；当为否定形式时，not必须与前面的助动词用缩略形式5. 反意疑问句中的代词使用原则:陈述句中的主语反意疑问句中的代词something, anything, everything, nothingitto do sth., doing sth., 主语从句itsomeone, somebodyheanyone, anybody, no one, nobody, everyone, everybodythey (口语) / he (正式语体)the rest, the following, large quantities of, one third of, 30% of等由其代表的数决定，单数用he (人)或it (物)，复数用they由and连接的两个或以上的名词或代词第一人称we/第二人称you/第三人称theythis, that, these, those相应it / theythere be句型thereoneone / you (非正式)6. 一般情况下反意疑问句的代词一般遵照的是主句中的主语“看主不看从”，但当反意疑问句的主句中含think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine等词时，反意疑问句的代词可有多种情况:当主句人称为第一人称时，代词遵照从句而定；当主句人称为二、三人称时，代词遵照主句而定，即“第一人称看从句，二三人称看主句”；并列句则遵照就近原则7. 否定前移的特殊情况: 否定前移一般主语为第一人称当主句人称为第一人称时，此时代词遵照从句而定，且此时应将从句视为否定句；当主句人称为二、三人称时，此时代词遵照主句而定，此时主句依旧为否定句(非否定前移)，如I dont suppose that hes curious, is he?He doesnt think I am right, does he?8. 存在hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, little, few等半否定副词的句子也被视为否定句，但含有依据构词法通过添加前缀(常见的有un-, im-, ir-, dis-)转换而来的词(如impossible, unfair)或含有某些表示拒绝含义的动词(如refuse)的句子虽具有一定否定含义，但该句不为否定句，如He seldom knew a word, did he?That is impossible, isnt it?9. 当主句中含有lets或let us，其对应的反意疑问句是不同的，如Lets go for a walk, shall we?Let us go home, will you?10. 祈使句后可接will you? / wont you? / could you? / can you? 等，这些句子仅表示客气语气，某种程度上不属于真正的反意疑问句，故某些用法与常规反意疑问句有些不同；肯定祈使句后可使用will you? 或wont you? (后者更为客气)，否定祈使句可用will you? / can you?Send me another copy, will you? = Will you send me another copy?Dont make noises, can you?211. 特殊情况:陈述句中含used to，反意疑问句可用did或use(d)nt陈述句中含I am，反意疑问句不为am not，而可用arent (BrE)陈述句中含ought to，反意疑问句可用oughtnt (BrE) 或shouldnt (AmE)主句中含must not表“禁止”，反意疑问句用may；若must表“必须”，反意疑问句可用must或改用need；must表“义务”，或表“想必”、“一定”等推测性意义时，通常也must主句中含must have done等a. 同时句中出现过去时间状语，疑问部分用didb. 同时不含有具体时间，反意疑问句用完成时陈述句中含have，作“有”解时，反意疑问句可用have及其变形或do及其变形；其他含义时只能用do及其变形注意反意疑问句的回答，事实肯定用Yes, 反之亦然；注意回答的前后一致注意某些如s / d的缩略形式的完整形式；注意need / dare是否为情态动词12. 感叹句基本结构:What + (a / an) + a. + n. + 次序不变的其他成分How + (a. / adv.) + 次序不变的其他成分e.g.特殊情况下，what后可直接加名词，how后可直接加句子e.g.What fun it is to ride in a one-horse open sledge!寻寻觅觅，我们发现，感叹句what / how的结构与such / so句型竟有着惊人的相似之处What a nice place China is! China is such a nice place!How nice China is! China is so nice!*感叹句的反意疑问句: 一律用否定式13. 并列连词(coordinating conjunctions)指用来连接彼此是并列关系的词、短语、从句或句子的词；被连接的两个部分彼此是独立的，在句法上是平等的；其中表示并列关系的并列连词有and, as well as, both and , not only but also , neither nor ；表示选择关系的有or, or else, either or；表示转折关系的有but, yet, while, whereas；表示因果关系的有for, so14. 在某些连接性状语如furthermore, hence, however, nevertheless, therefore等之前通常用分号代替逗号，因为这些词是副词而非连词，如Hed worked in the foreign service for two years without leave; hence he was tired almost beyond endurance.15. 需注意的并列连词: and解释为和、然后、那么；or解释为或者、否则，用于否定句中可作也不解；or else作否则解；yet作可是、然而解；whereas作然而、但是、尽管解16. 需特别注意的句子:He bought five books, and two of them are nice. = He bought five books, two of which are nice.Hurry up, or youll be late. = Unless ( if not) you hurry up, youll be late. Tom said that he liked English and that he wanted to learn French.Five minutes earlier, and you could have met Tom. v考前巩固I.Complete the tag questions (反意疑问句). Pay special attention to the italicized words and the words in the brackets. (带*的句子由于涉及虚拟语气，故建议理解)(A)1.I dont think he is right, _? (believe, suppose, imagine, bet, guess, etc.)2.Im a student, _?*3.I wish I could help you, _?34.Hes said to have finished the homework, _?5.He must have been to school the other day, _?*6.He had planned to lend you a hand yesterday, _?7.He is unfit to do the job, _? (unfair, refuse, fail, hesitate, etc.)8.If it is fine tomorrow, they will go outing, _?9.Its clear that the car has arrived here, _?10.He has no money with him today, _?11.Nobody has anything to do with the accident, _?12.Dont tell anybody else about it, _?13.Come in and take a seat if you are free, _?14.Nobody had your bike repaired yesterday, _?15.They must have finished their task ahead of time now, _?16.Mrs. Smith, who was not in charge of us, refused to hel
--- ______?
--- I’ve never been there but I hope to go there in the future.
A. Have you been to America
B. Where are you going for holiday
C. What did you do last week
一____________?
一I’v never been there but I hope to go there in the future.
A .Where are you going for holiday
B. Have you been to America
C. What did you do last week
A.Only
B.\
C.Once
A.Hardly ever ⋯going
B.Hardly ever ⋯go
C.Hardly never ⋯go
D.Hardly never ⋯going
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