单选题The superiority of the Canadian health care system is seen in ______.A its low medical cost and better public health.B the immediate compensations form insurance companies.C its prompt application of advanced technological innovations.D the low charges

共用题干
Health Insurance（保险）

Most Americans are responsible for their own medical costs.These can be extremely
high if a person gets very_________(1)or has an accident.So people buy a health
insurance plan to make sure these costs will be_________(2).
Most American colleges and universities have_________(3)health centers.There
may even be a teaching hospital that can treat more serious__________(4).
Some medical services may be included in the cost of attending a school.But health
insurance is usually needed for extra services._________(5)most full-time college
students must have insurance.
Students may already be protected under their family's health plan.If not,many
colleges offer_________(6)own plans.
The University of Michigan will be our example.Students pay a health service fee.
Then there is no extra charge when they are treated for minor__________(7)problems at
the University Health Center. But the school wants students to have health insurance to pay
_______(8)other services.
The insurance plan________(9)by the university costs about one thousand seven
hundred dollars a year. Such health insurance_________(10)generally pay for hospital
services,emergency room care and visits to doctors.They___________(11)do not pay
for care of the teeth.And they usually do not pay for treatment of medical conditions that
existed________(12)the student arrived at school.
International students at the University of Michigan have two________(13).They
can buy the university health plan.Or they can________(14)private insurance that is
approved by the university.
The school also offers a special International Student Insurance Plan.This pays for
most of the services offered__________(15)the University Health Center that are not
included in the health service fee.

_________(12)
A: after
B: if
C: before
D: since

共用题干
Health Care in the US

Health care in the US is well-known but very expensive.Paying the doctor's bill after a
major illness or accident can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.
In the US,a person's company,not the government,pays for health insurance.
Employers have contracts with insurance companies,which pay for all or part of employees'
doctors' bills.
The amount that the insurance company will pay out to a patient differs wildly. It all depends
on what insurance the employer pays.The less the boss pays to the insurance company,the
more the employee has to pay the hospital each time he or she gets sick. In 2004,the average
worker paid an extra US$558 a year,according to a San Francisco report.
The system also means many Americans fall through the cracks（遭遗漏）.In 2004,
only 61 percent of the population received health insurance through their employers,
according to the report. The unemployed,self-employed,part-time workers and graduated
students with no jobs were not included,
Most US university students have a gap between their last day of school and their first
day on the job.Often,they are no longer protected by their parents' insurance because they
are now considered independent adults.They also cannot buy university health insurance because they
are no longer students.
Another group that falls through the gap of the US system is international students.All
are required to have health insurance and cannot begin their classes without it,But exact
policies（保险单）differ from school to school.
Most universities work with health insurance companies and sell their own standard plan
for students.Often,buying the school plan is required,but luckily it's also cheaper than
buying direct from the insurance company.

The health care system in the US takes care of everyone in the country.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
The wide variation in health-care prices is mainly caused by_____

A.the vulnerable populations
B.the greedy hospitals
C.differences in treatment preferences
D.the disorganized provider networks

Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
The author's attitude toward reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress is one of_____

A.pity
B.disapproval
C.understanding
D.expectation

Text 2 No wonder they are called"patients".When people enter the health-care systems of rich countries today,they know what they will get:prodding doctors,endless tests,rising costs and,above all,long waits.Some stoicism will always be needed,because health care is complex and diligence matters.But frustration is boiling over.This week three of the biggest names in American business-Amazon,Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan Chase-announced a new venture to provide better,cheaper health care for their employees.A fundamental problem with today's system is that patients lack knowledge and control.Access to data can bestow both.The intemet already enables patients to seek online consultations when and where it suits them.Yet radical change demands a shift in emphasis,from providers to patients and from doctors to data.That shift is happening.Technologies such as the smartphone allow people to monitor their own health.The possibilities multiply when you add the crucial missing ingredients-access to your own medical records and the ability easily to share information with those you trust.That allows you to reduce inefficiencies in your own treatment and also to provide data to help train medical algorithms.As with all new technologies,pitfalls accompany the promise.Hucksters will launch apps that do not work.But with regulators demanding oversight of apps that present risks to patients,users will harm only their wallets.Not everyone will want to take active control of their own health care;plenty will want the professionals to manage everything.The benefits of new technologies often flow disproportionately to the rich.Those fears are mitigated by the incentives that employers,govemments and insurers have to invest in cost-efficient preventive care for all.Other risks are harder to deal with.Greater transparency may encourage the hale and hearty not to take out health insurance.They may even make it harder for the unwell to find cover.Will the benefits ofmaking data more widely available outweigh such risks?The signs are that they will.Plenty of countries are now opening up their medical records,but few have gone as far as Sweden.It aims to give all its citizens electronic access to their medical records by 2020;over a third of Swedes have already set up accounts.Studies show that patients with such access have a better understanding of their illnesses,and that their treatment is more successful.Trials in America and Canada have produced not just happier patients but lower costs,as clinicians fielded fewer inquiries.That should be no surprise.No one has a greater interest in your health than you do.Trust in Doctor You.
People may know their health condition better by using technology if_____

A.their medical records are available
B.they accept medical algorithms training
C.data is paid much more attention
D.health-carc institutions trust you

共用题干
Health Insurance（保险）

Most Americans are responsible for their own medical costs.These can be extremely
high if a person gets very_________(1)or has an accident.So people buy a health
insurance plan to make sure these costs will be_________(2).
Most American colleges and universities have_________(3)health centers.There
may even be a teaching hospital that can treat more serious__________(4).
Some medical services may be included in the cost of attending a school.But health
insurance is usually needed for extra services._________(5)most full-time college
students must have insurance.
Students may already be protected under their family's health plan.If not,many
colleges offer_________(6)own plans.
The University of Michigan will be our example.Students pay a health service fee.
Then there is no extra charge when they are treated for minor__________(7)problems at
the University Health Center. But the school wants students to have health insurance to pay
_______(8)other services.
The insurance plan________(9)by the university costs about one thousand seven
hundred dollars a year. Such health insurance_________(10)generally pay for hospital
services,emergency room care and visits to doctors.They___________(11)do not pay
for care of the teeth.And they usually do not pay for treatment of medical conditions that
existed________(12)the student arrived at school.
International students at the University of Michigan have two________(13).They
can buy the university health plan.Or they can________(14)private insurance that is
approved by the university.
The school also offers a special International Student Insurance Plan.This pays for
most of the services offered__________(15)the University Health Center that are not
included in the health service fee.

_________(6)
A: our
B:its
C:his
D:their

Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A.Uncertainty in the Health-Care Industry
B."All-Payer System"in Maryland
C.The Health-Care Reform Ignored
D.Medicare vs.Private Insurance

Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
We can learn that"all-payer system"in Maryland_____

A.can be applied across the country
B.is harmful to Medicare patients
C.benefits uninsured and low-income patients
D.shifts doctors'attention from treatment to prevention

Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening.
The study in JAMA Internal Medicine is mentioned to illustrate that_____

A.insurance payments push up health-care prices
B.prices in health care are soaring out of control
C.Medicare is more efficieni than private insurance
D.lawmakers fight in the wrong direction