第15题:
问答题
Parliamentary Elections in Afghanistan For the first time in three decades Afghanistan is holding parliamentary elections. It’s a momentous time for a country still trying to emerge from years of war. There’s been much criticism that these polls will only consolidate the power of the country’s powerful commanders, the warlords with dubious histories. But Lyse Doucet, who’s been covering Afghanistan since the late nineteen eighties, has discovered that in a nation where a new political culture is only slowly taking shape, the very existence of an election process has brought new energy to a lung-stagnant political life: Now there is a veritable forest of signs at every square and roundabout in Kabul and other cities, billboards selling luxury watches, promoting national unity the new Afghan army. But, for the past month billboard, walls and fences across this land have been telling another story. Everywhere you look there are the faces of election candidates, middle aged men in suits and ties, men with turbans and long thick beards as dark as the night or as white as the first Afghan snow, hardly anyone is smiling. Tradition says photography is serious business. Even. wedding photographs here barely coax a smile. And in a country where only 4 years ago, women were largely confined to their homes under an oppressive Taliban rule, there are their faces too: candidates like young Sabrina with a fetching canary yellow headscarf, Shukda with finely penciled eyebrow, gazing into the distance, cradling a pen in her hand. The faces are plastered everywhere, on every available bit of space, sometimes on top of each other. It’s led to Afghan cartoonists sketching someone’s face on top of someone else’s legs. At first glance, these walls are just an unsightly mess of photographs. But, like the carpets of old, if you know this nation’s history, you can read meaning .into what seem like random patterns. These layers of paper form a bright new canvas of a nation’s dark history. General Ulumi who once worked with the Soviet Red Army is running for parliament. There’s also Mullah Khaqsar who used to execute the writ of the Taliban. But there’s also Malalai Joya, the young woman who, a few years ago, bravely condemned the warlords in public. In this election, candidates must run as individuals, not as members of parties. But Afghans know who everyone is. They know their past. They know their father, their grandfather, or at least, they do in most cases. But what if they don’t? In the last month of campaigning, in towns and villages across this country, Afghans, from village elders with wizened faces, to wide-eyed teenagers too young to vote, have sat cross legged in the shades of mulberry tress, or in air-conditioned rooms cooled with electricity powered by generators. They’ve pondered and argued and debated the questions of this time. One dimensional photograph, after all, only tells part of this new story. As one Afghan friend put it, in real life, many candidates with a past are two-faced. If elected to Parliament, it’s still not clear which face they will show. But whatever happens, the opening of Parliament will be the start of a new chapter. And no one here can say with certainty how that Afghan story will unfold.
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【参考译文】
阿富汗议会大选 阿富汗即将举行300年来的首次议会选举。对于一个经历了多年战乱的国家来说,这是个重大的时刻。不少批评者称,这次投票将只会进一步加强拥有强权的军事指挥人员和那些背景可疑的军阀的权力。但是,一位从上世纪80年代末以来一直关注阿富汗的通讯记者——莱斯·杜塞特指出,在一个新政治文化还处在形成阶段的国家里,选举程序本身已经为长久以来缺乏生机的政治生活注入了新的活力。
如今,在喀布尔和其他一些城市的广场和环形路上,四处可见林立的广告牌。其中有卖豪华手表的,有宣传民族团结的,也有新阿富汗部队的形象。但是,在过去的几个月内,整个国家的广告牌、墙壁和围墙却在讲述着另一个故事。选举候选人的画像随处可见,有穿西装打领带的中年人,也有包着头巾蓄着长长的大胡子的人,他们的胡子或黑如黑衣或白如阿富汗的第一场雪。但几乎没有一个人是微笑着的。按照传统,照相在阿富汗是件严肃的事情。甚至连结婚照也很少有人笑。
4年前,在塔利班的统治下,这个国家的多数妇女被强行限制在家中。如今,她们的面孔也出现在广告牌上:例如候选人萨布林娜,围着迷人的淡黄色头巾;候选人苏克瑞亚的眉毛描得非常漂亮,她注视着前方,手里拿着一支钢笔。这些女性面孔被张贴得到处都是,只要有空余空间就会贴上一张,有时候甚至会一张摞一张地贴,这一场景启发了阿富汗的漫画家们的创作灵感,他们纷纷把人脸画在了其他人的腿上。
乍一看来,这些只是一堆很不好看的照片。但是,就像旧地毯一样,如果你了解这个国家的历史,就可以从那些看似不经意的图案中读出其中的意味。这一层层的海报为这个国家灰暗的历史创造出一幅全新的色彩明快的油画。曾经在苏联红军工作过的乌鲁米将军也参加了议会选举。过去曾经是塔利班命令执行者的穆拉·卡克萨尔也参加了选举。参选的还有马拉莱·朱娅,这位年轻女性曾在几年前勇敢地公开抨击军阀。
在这次选举中,候选人只能以个人身份,不得以党派身份参选。但是,阿富汗的民众都知道他们,了解他们的历史,认识他们的父亲或是祖父,至少在多数情况下是这样。但即使他们不了解又会怎样?在上个月的选举中,全国各个城市和乡村的阿富汗人上至来自乡村的面容干枯的老者,下至还不能投票的大眼睛小孩子都盘腿坐在桑树荫下,或坐在装有发电机带动的空调的房间内,思考、争论、讨论着当今的问题。
一张照片毕竟只能讲述这一新故事的部分内容。正如一位阿富汗朋友所说,在现实生活中,许多有背景的候选人都是双面人,不知他们被选进议会后会显示出哪一副面孔。但是,无论发生了什么,议会的设立开启了一个新的篇章。我们现在还不知道阿富汗的故事将如何展开。
解析:
暂无解析