参考答案和解析
正确答案：
communicate
解析：
此题涉及从论文练习中学习的内容。讲座中演讲人提到，所有科学家都需要交流彼此的研究成果，博士论文则为此交流提供了平台。结合题目，故答案为communicate。
此题涉及从论文练习中学习的内容。讲座中演讲人提到，所有科学家都需要交流彼此的研究成果，博士论文则为此交流提供了平台。结合题目，故答案为communicate。
更多“____”相关问题
-
第1题：
问答题Why did the author spend a lot of time practicing writing even when he was a boy?正确答案： Because learning to write was his childhood dream.解析：
细节题。作者在首段倒数第四句提到，与其说我想成为一个作家，还不如说我曾经立志要学会写作。由此可见，作者年少时不断练习是为了学习写作。 -
第2题：
单选题What makes funeral business a strange industry?ASmaller funeral homes occupy a very large market share.
BFamily operators or independents take a large proportion in funeral business.
CFuneral business has a lot in common with dry-cleaning shops.
DBig corporations are also involved in funeral business.
正确答案： B解析：
细节题。由题干关键词可定位到文章第二段。该段第二句冒号后的内容解释了殡葬服务业是一个奇特的产业的原因，即85％的殡葬业是归家庭或独立的公司所有。选项B与文意相符。选项A是对原文的过度推断，故排除；选项C是对原文括号内内容的曲解，显然与文意相悖，故排除；选项D是根据该段后两句而设置的干扰，与题干不符，故排除。因此答案为B项。 -
第3题：
单选题In the 2nd paragraph, “those who don’t fit the pattern” refers to______.Ahigh school graduates who aren’t suitable for college education
Bcollege graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis
Ccollege students who aren’t any better for their higher education
Dhigh school graduates who failed to be admitted to college
正确答案： C解析：
fit the pattern意为“符合这个模式”，结合上下文可知人们心目中高等教育的模式指的是“college will help them earn more money，become ‘better’ people，and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.”，所以那些“不符合这个模式的人”没有很高的收入、没有更有教养或更有责任感，是那些接受了高等教育却没有任何进步的人，故C项正确。 -
第4题：
问答题端午节是为了纪念中国古代一位博学多闻的官吏屈原。他热爱人民，受到尊崇，但是其他官吏出于嫉妒陷害了他，从此在朝廷中被皇帝冷落。由于无法获得皇帝的重视，屈原在忧郁中投汨罗江自尽。由于对屈原的爱戴，汨罗江畔的居民匆忙的划船在江内寻找屈原，并且将米丢入汨罗江中，以平息江中的蛟龙。虽然当时并没有找到屈原，但是他们的行动，直到今天还在端午节中被人们传颂纪念着。正确答案：
【参考译文】
The Dragon Boat Festival is held in honor of a scholarly government official named Qu Yuan in ancient China. He loved the people and won their respect, but because of the misdeeds of jealous rivals he eventually fell into disfavor in the emperor’s court. Unable to regain the respect of the emperor, in his sorrow Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River. Out of their admiration for Qu Yuan, the local people living adjacent to the Miluo River rushed into their boats to search for him while throwing rice into the waters to appease the river dragons. Although they failed to find Qu Yuan, their efforts are still commemorated today during the Dragon Boat Festival.解析： 暂无解析 -
第5题：
单选题AThey are rather difficult to please.
BThey are rude to women drivers.
CThey are talkative and generous with tips.
DThey are different in personality.
正确答案： A解析：
谈到当司机遇到的人时，女士提到，司机工作的最大优势是能够遇见形形色色的人。D项“different in personality”是原文中various characters的同义转述。故D项为答案。
【录音原文】
M: Hello. Juliet. I know you are one of the few women taxi drivers in the city now, and you drive for a living. What made you want to become a taxi driver in the first place?
W: I took pride in driving well even when I was young, for I had to wait until I had a car to learn to drive. When I finally learned, it was something I really enjoyed and still enjoy. I remembered how smart those taxi drivers had seemed driving so well, and dressed so neatly in their uniforms and I thought I’d like to do that myself.
M: You really enjoy driving, I see. And how long have you been a taxi driver?
W: Er, all together 12 years.
M: Mm, for quite some time already, hasn’t it?
W: Yeah.
M: Then, what did you find the most difficult about becoming a taxi driver?
W: I can still remember when I was first learning to drive—it was scary, didn’t know yet how to judge distance, and when a big truck came near it seemed like its wheels would just come right over me. Anyway, soon I learned to judge distance. I began looking ahead, stopped worrying about trucks and about what was moving on either side.
M: In your opinion, what does it take to become a good driver?
W: Eh, besides driving well, the most important thing a taxi driver needs to know is the streets, and I knew the city well because I had lived in it for a long time. I knew all the main streets, and even the side streets. And of course you have to keep updating your knowledge of the streets, because the city changes. There might be a new road appearing somewhere one day.
M: Now, what about annual leaves? Do you have them?
W: Oh, yes. When I first started, I had only ten days. Now, I have three weeks every year, with pay.
M: Just out of curiosity. When you go on vacation to another place or city, do you drive there as well?
W: In most cases, not. I prefer to be driven by others, if we go by car. I would also prefer to go by train or plane, if there is a choice. I have already had too much driving in my life. So, when on holiday, I just want to relax.
M: I see. Let’s come back to your work. Are there any unpleasant aspects in your job?
W: The only serious difficulty in this work is that it’s sometimes dangerous to drive at night. But you have a choice, and I always choose to work days rather than nights.
M: Then, what is the best part of your job?
W: I soon found that what I liked best about this job was being outdoors, seeing how the city changes from season to season. And there are places I’ve seen that I probably never would have seen in another job, and I love all kinds of weather. I like to leave the window down in a fine rain. And. and when I have a long drive near the end of the day, I sometimes go past my home to tell my two little children I’ll be home soon, and they always want to come along in my car.
M: Oh, do they? I guess all kids like to be taken for a ride sometimes.
W: Yeah, But you cannot take anyone along unless they pay or you pay for them. So I’ll have to pay their fares one of these days and take them out in my taxi, because they really think it’s fun. Out in the countryside on a long drive, with the air fresh and the sun shining, you just seem to want to drive forever. At least, that’s how it is for me.
M: Being a taxi driver, you have to meet all kinds of people. How do you feel about that?
W: I enjoy meeting many different people. I might not have met some if not for this job, and I’ve learned a lot about how people behave in these years.
M: Can you tell us a bit more about it?
W: The biggest advantage is that you come across various characters in your work. Some people are interesting, some rushed, some pleasant, some funny, some talkative. Some are so pressed for time that they change clothes in the taxi. Those who are in the greatest rush would sometimes forget to pay.
M: Have you ever met someone who doesn’t like women drivers?
W: Yes. Once a passenger really objected to having a woman driver, and I laughed at him so much that he stopped his fussing. Although there has been one or two cases like this, I still think most people are nice to women drivers. So, this is really an interesting part of my work.
M: Now, my last question. Have you ever thought of changing your job?
W: Not yet. I might, in a few years’ time. But not at this moment, because I really enjoy my work, and I do get a lot of satisfaction out of it. So, why should I?
M: Ok. Our interview is coming to the end. I’d like to wind up our interview by wishing you good luck. Thank you very much for your time, Juliet.
W: Pleasure.
1. Why did Juliet become a taxi driver?
2. According to Juliet, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi driver?
3. What does Juliet like best about her job?
4. What is the character of Juliet as a mother according to the interview?
5. What can we learn about the people Juliet meets? -
第6题：
问答题Some people think that financial disparity affects friendship. What do you think? The following article is discussing this issue. Read it carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the main opinion of the article; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. When people with money are friends with people of modest means the disparities don’t typically end with the bank accounts. One person in the friendship often feels less comfortable than the other, and it tends to be the one with less money—the friend who can’t afford to join the group at the restaurant or go on the weekend trip, the one whose share may be paid for by the others. “It doesn’t disturb the rich ones to pay,” says Horst Heidbrink, a psychology lecturer at the distance learning University of Hagen. “The rich person thinks they’re being caring. But the poorer person feels under pressure to be particularly nice.” But a lack of balance puts pressure on many friendships. Aristotelian ethics would suggest dealing with the imbalance with increased devotion by the friend with less. Friendship expert Horst Heidbrink says he wouldn’t recommend this, but his research has shown him that the give and take between friends has to be balanced. Friendships between rich and poor people are not as unusual as one might think. In a 2014 study by the Bremen-based Allensbach Institute, 1,624 people of different ages were asked about their friendships. Forty-four percent of respondents said they had friends who were considerably better off than they were. And 41% said they were friends with people who were considerably less well off than they were. And yet that old saying to the effect that money issues can put an end to friendship still holds for many. According to the study, friends helped each other out with moving house and renovation work, offered an ear when needed and doled out advice. But only 10% ever accepted significant loans from their richer friends. “Many people believe that borrowing money would weigh the friendship down,” Heidbrink says. “Most people would rather go to their parents because family relationships don’t depend on symmetry as much as friendships do.” Nevertheless, he says, “A good friendship can also withstand a credit.” Although friendships between men and women are vulnerable because they are defined by different activities. With their male friends, men play sports, for example, while women and their girlfriends often just talk when they get together. “That’s where it gets harder to leave out financial situations, and there’s more comparing,” says Heidbrink. On the other hand, when two guys play soccer together, it’s not an issue if one returns to a villa and the other to a low-rent apartment. “What counts is trust,” Heidbrink says. When trust isn’t justified—when a friend refuses to help or betrays confidences—then friendships fall apart. They don’t fall apart because one person has a lot of money in the bank and the other doesn’t. If the less well-off don’t suffer from jealousy or envy, and the better-off don’t take it too much to heart if their best friend can’t join them on that spa trip, there’s a good chance of a successful friendship.正确答案：
【参考范文】
Money Don’t Make True Friends Go The passage above believes that financial disparity, to a certain extent, affects friendship and the less well-off person would feel under pressure. In a friendship, the one with less money can’t afford a group outing or a weekend trip, and in the long run, he or she may feel estranged from their richer friends. However, as mentioned by the friendship expert Heidbrink in the passage, a long lasting friendship depends crucially on trust, rather than financial equality.
Personally, I share the same idea with Heidbrink that mutual trust and understanding are indispensable for a successful friendship. There is no denying that economic disparity does make the life qualities different, but whether it can greatly affect a relationship deserves more discussion. It is not responsible at all to say that there can be a sense of insecurity and worthlessness if you associate with someone making more money, and consequently the friendship between the two will be unavoidably undermined. We can find around us a great number of people are in their own friendships with at least one richer people and they are pretty happy to be together. Friendship is not only a matter of money, but compromise, patience, and support. Money is something one can get through hard work, but successful friendship needs cultivation, great care and mutual understanding and one can get overwhelming support from a friend. If a friendship is truly sincere and supportive, he would sure to be considerate and would like to make necessary compromises. Both parties in a friendship should reflect their feelings about money and material things when they have some money-spurred differences. For example, if one can overcome his or her jealousy over a friend’s wealth and the newly affluent people feel no guilty about the changes and they would like to help their less wealthy friends, then the friendship between them can sure be everlasting.
Despite the little effects caused by financial disparity, a successful friendship is mainly determined by honesty and trust.解析：
【审题构思】
本文是一篇评论，文章针对经济差距对友谊的影响展开论述。前三段通过数据说明经济差距的确会影响友谊，之后举例论证有些友谊是不受经济差距影响的，最后明确指出“信任”才是友谊得以稳固的关键。根据题目的要求，考生可采取以下的布局：
第一段：引出话题，总结两方观点。
第二段：并提出自己的见解，即同意文章的论点，并就此展开论述。指出友谊需要包容、妥协、相互支持，真正的友谊能够把克服经济差距造成的经济紧张。
第三段：总结全文，重申真正的友谊是建立在相互信任的基础上的。 -
第7题：
单选题The most suitable title for the passage might be _____.AFunny Computer Users
BHigh-tech and Low-tech
CComputers and Helpline Users
DA Qualified Computer User
正确答案： C解析：
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章的主旨不是对比高科技与低科技，故排除B项；C项的表述过于模糊，没有指明主题，故排除；文章没有提到怎样做一个合格的电脑使用者，故D项错误。本文主要讲述的是人们使用电脑的奇闻轶事，从顾客不会开机、不知道“任意键”在什么位置、拆洗键盘、不会发传真、把鼠标当作遥控器等事例可见，这些问题都十分滑稽，A项较好地概括了原文的意思，故答案为A项。 -
第8题：
填空题____正确答案： year→years解析：
a million作修饰语，后面的名词要用复数。 -
第9题：
单选题A potential factor affecting scientists in their efforts to control the overgrowth of worldpopulation is that______.Astate administrators do not have confidence in their work.
Bhumanists usually cannot cooperate well with them.
Cthey haven’t been trained to consider social effects of their work.
Dthey do not have enough time to tackle the problem.
正确答案： D解析：
推断题文章第四段介绍了人口过剩的问题，并指出这个问题既可以看作是诸如政治地理这样的长期问题，又可以看作是科技方面的短期问题。第六段提到，似乎很少有政府规划者会考虑到长期策略和短期策略工作目标之间相互冲突的可能性，但考虑到科学家接受的教育，这种可能性是存在的，特别是他们所受的训练让他们认为只要能找到合适的方法，所有的问题都能迎刃而解。由此可见，作者认为科学家们只注意解决短期的实际问题，从而忽视了长期的社会因素，故答案为C项。A、B、D三项文章中没有提及，故排除。 -
第10题：
填空题____正确答案： like→likely解析：
likely可能的，一般用在be likely to do sth. 结构中。 -
第11题：
问答题We live in a society which there is a lot of talk about science, but I would 1．_______say that there are not 5 percent of the people who are equipped with schooling,including college, to understand scientific reasoning. We are more ignorant ofscience as people with comparable education in Western Europe. 2．_______ There are a lot of kids who know everything about computers — how tobuild them, how to take them apart, and bow to write programs for games. So 3．_______if you ask them to explain about the principles of physics that have gone into 4．_______creating the computer, you don’t have the faintest idea. 5．_______ The failure to understand science leads to such things like the neglect of 6．_______human creative power. It also takes rise to blurring of the distinction between 7．_______science and technology. Lots of people don’t differ between the two. Science is the8．_______production of new knowledge that can be applied or not, and technology is theapplication of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or thelike. The two are really very different, and people who have the faculty for onevery seldom have a faculty for the others. 9．_______ Science in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can providetechnology, it is not necessarily harmful. No society has yet learned to forecast 10．_______the consequences of new technology, which can be enormous.正确答案：
1.which改为where或在which前加in 此处需要一个状语从句,而不是which引导的定语从句。
2.as改为than 上文more必须与than搭配,构成比较状语从句。
3.So改为But/However/Nevertheless 根据上下文可知这里是转折关系。
4.去掉about explain是及物动词。
5.you改为they 此处的先行词是the kids。
6.like改为as such as是固定搭配。
7.takes改为gives give rise to是固定搭配,表示“引起,导致”之意。
8.differ改为distinguish differ表示“有区别”,这里要用distinguish,表示“区分,找出……的差别”。
9.others改为other the other和上文的one构成固定搭配,表示在两者中“一个……;另外一个……”。
10.harmful改为harmless,这里是双重否定表肯定,若用harmful则意义相反,不能与上文形成对比关系。解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
问答题In the 2nd paragraph, what does “those who don’t fit the pattern” refer to?正确答案： College students who aren’t any better for their higher education.解析：
fit the pattern意为“符合这个模式”，结合上下文可知人们心目中高等教育的模式指的是“college will help them earn more money, become ‘better’ people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.”，所以那些“不符合这个模式的人”没有很高的收入、没有更好的教养或责任感，是那些接受了高等教育却没有任何进步的人。 -
第13题：
单选题“An identifying figure” (Para. 5) refers to a person _____.Awho serves as a model for others
Bwho is always successful
Cwho can be depended upon
Dwho has been rewarded for his success
正确答案： A解析：
通读全文可知儿童不是随意选择模仿对象的，而是选择他欣赏并佩服的人，因为“Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole ...”，故A项正确。 -
第14题：
单选题What does the news item say about President Obama?AHe had to deal with harmful gases.
BHe criticized two West Virginia’s officials.
CHe prayed for the families of the miners.
DHe already knew the cause of the event.
正确答案： A解析：
事实判断题。新闻录音中提到，事故发生后奥巴马总统及其他官员均阐明了各自的想法，并向遇难矿工的家属表示慰问。可知选项C为正确答案。
【听力原文】
Officials there are trying to figure out what caused the worst U. S. mining disaster in 25 years. It happened Monday afternoon at the Upper Big Branch South Mine: a massive blast inside the coal mine that killed at least 25 people, left 4 others trapped. Rescue workers are trying to drill their way into the mine, but they need to get 1,200 feet down inside of it’ and that could take a while. Not only is this process slow, it’s dangerous. Crews are having to deal with potentially harmful gases. President Obama and other officials, including both of West Virginia’s U. S. senators, have offered their thoughts and prayers to the families of the miners. They’ve also said they’re determined to find out what happened and how it can be prevented in the future. One government official said, “Miners should never have to sacrifice their fives for their livelihood.” This all happened inside a facility that does what’s called longwall mining. -
第15题：
填空题____正确答案： them→themselves解析：
这里需要的宾语和主语they都是指代上文的young animals，故要用反身代词。 -
第16题：
填空题____正确答案： when→after解析：
这里表示在“在长期狩猎为生之后”，因此将when改成after。 -
第17题：
单选题ASeeing interesting buildings in the city.
BBeing able to enjoy the world of nature.
CDriving in unsettled weather.
DTaking long drives outside the city.
正确答案： C解析：
关于司机工作中的最大好处，女士提到，她最喜欢的是能够在室外工作，感受不同季节中的城市变化。由此可推出，女士在工作中享受大自然的变化，故B项为正确答案。 -
第18题：
填空题____正确答案： working→work解析：
work应用一般现在时，和live保持一致；family作“家人”讲，是复数概念。 -
第19题：
单选题According to Para. 3, all the followings are the cultural or technological innovation EXCEPT______.Athe transformation of these valleys and plains.
Bthe use of these valleys’ soil and water.
Cthe timing of flood seasons.
Dthe calendar.
正确答案： D解析：
细节题。由题干定位到文章第三段。该段第二句提到，为了给搬到这里的不同人群提供物质条件，人们改变这些山谷和平原，由此促成了最早的文化创新和交流行为，故可排除A项；第三句提到，这些山谷的土壤和水的使用体现了创新和交换，由此可排除B项；第六句谈到，水的使用和洪水的季节性爆发也促成了一系列技术创新的诞生，如历法，故可排除D项。选项C为促成创新的原因之一而非表现，故本题答案为C项。 -
第20题：
填空题____正确答案： inventors∧move→to解析：
it是making形式宾语，真正的宾语是for sb. to do。 -
第21题：
填空题____正确答案： of→删除of解析：
despite相当于in spite of。 -
第22题：
单选题According to the passage, the decline of good manners is more worrying because______.Ait leads to more crime in society.
Bit can seriously affect our daily life.
Cpeople view manners as old-fashioned.
Drudeness on the street cannot be stemmed out.
正确答案： D解析：
推断题根据文章第二段后半句对于粗鲁当道的种种表现的描述，以及第三段中提到的这些行为对我们的生活造成的不安、不可预料以及令人不快的影响，甚至会引起比犯罪行为更多的不安可以推断，B项表述正确。选项A是对第三段尾句的曲解，可排除。C、D两项是礼貌缺失的表现，与题干无关。故答案为B项。 -
第23题：
填空题____正确答案： practice解析：
此题涉及讲座中谈到的成功的秘诀。录音中提到，成功的秘诀是实践。因此答案为practice。
【录音原文】
How to Write a Dissertation Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to today’s lecture about writing. I have known that you are preparing to write a dissertation at present. Unless you have written many formal documents before, you are going to find that it’s difficult! So, in today’s lecture, I will talk about methods for writing a dissertation.
The foremost things you should know are two necessary preparations for successful completion of a dissertation.
The first is planning ahead. A plan imposes a structure on the project and prevents you from drifting aimlessly for long periods of time. It will help motivate you to work during tedious or difficult phases and provides the incentive to make sacrifices.
The second is the maintenance of healthy balance. The dissertation is such a time-consuming project that it can seem impossible to lead a balanced life. Without a healthy balance of life, you may feel angry, resentful, frustrated, overwhelmed, and depressed on a consistent basis. In order to maintain a healthy balance, it is often helpful to devote time every day and week to your physical, social, intellectual, emotional and spiritual well-being.
Next, I will provide you with a few general ideas about a dissertation. As we know, a thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture. A dissertation is a lengthy, formal document that argues in defense of a particular thesis. So many people use the term “thesis” to refer to the document that a current dictionary now includes it as the third meaning.
No.1: Scientific method. The scientific method adopted in a dissertation means starting with a hypothesis and then collecting evidence to support or deny it. Before one can write a dissertation defending a particular thesis, one must collect evidence that supports it. Thus, the most difficult aspect of writing a dissertation consists of organizing the evidence and associated discussions into a coherent form.
No.2: Critical thinking. The essence of a dissertation is critical thinking, not experimental data. Analysis and concepts form the heart of the work. A dissertation also concentrates on principles: it states the lessons learned, and not merely the facts behind them.
No.3: Supporting materials. In general, every statement in a dissertation must be supported either by a reference to published scientific literature or by original work. But, a dissertation does not repeat the details of critical thinking and analysis found in published sources; it uses the results as fact and refers the reader to the source for further details. Each sentence in a dissertation must be complete and correct in a grammatical sense. Moreover, a dissertation must satisfy the strict rules of formal grammar. For example, no undefined technical jargon, no hidden jokes, and no slang, even when such terms or phrases are in common use in the spoken language. Indeed, the writing in a dissertation must be clear. Shades of meaning matter; the terminology and prose must make fine distinctions. The words must convey exactly the meaning intended, nothing more and nothing less. Each statement in a dissertation must be correct and defensible in a logical and scientific sense. Furthermore, the discussions in a dissertation must satisfy the strictest rules of logic applied to mathematics and science.
Thirdly, we have to know what one should learn from the exercise. All scientists need to communicate discoveries; the dissertation provides training for communication with other scientists. Writing a dissertation requires a student to think deeply, to organize technical discussion, to muster arguments that will convince other scientists, and to follow rules for rigorous, formal presentation of the arguments and discussion.
When writing a dissertation, we should also be clear about definitions and terminology. Each technical term used in a dissertation must be defined either by a reference to a previously published definition for standard terms with their usual meaning or by a precise, unambiguous definition that appears before the term is used for a new term or a standard term used in an unusual way. And each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertation. The easiest way to avoid a long series of definitions is to include a statement. Then, only define exceptions. The introductory chapter can give the intuition of terms provided they are defined more precisely later.
Last but not least important is language points. There is a principle we should remember, i.e., good writing essential in a dissertation. As for voice, remember to use active constructions. For example, say “the operating system starts the device” instead of “the device is started by the operating system.” Then write in the present tense. For example, say “The system writes a page to the disk and then uses the frame” instead of “The system will use the frame after it wrote the page to disk”. Moreover, you should define negation early. For instance, say “no data block waits on the output queue” instead of “a data block awaiting output is not on the queue.” At last, you should be careful that the subject of each sentence really does what the verb says it does. All computer scientists should know the rules of logic. Unfortunately the rules are more difficult to follow when the language of discourse is English instead of mathematical symbols. When written using mathematical symbols, the differences are obvious because “for all” and “there exists” are reversed.
As far as the language points are concerned, there is a key to success: practice. No one ever learned to write by reading essays like this. Instead, you need to practice and practice. This is the secret to writing a good dissertation.
To conclude, we have discussed some necessary preparations before writing a dissertation. What follows are some guiding principles, including some general ideas of a dissertation and how to reach a good writing. Finally, I provide you with a key to successful writing, i.e., practice. After this lecture, I hope you may find your dissertation-writing smooth. -
第24题：
单选题According to Para. 3, all the followings are the cultural or technological innovation EXCEPT _____.Athe transformation of these valleys and plains
Bthe use of these valleys’ soil and water
Cthe timing of flood seasons
Dthe calendar
正确答案： A解析：
细节题。由题干定位到文章第三段。该段第二句提到，为了给搬到这里的不同人群提供物质条件，人们改变这些山谷和平原，由此促成了最早的文化创新和交流行为，故可排除A项；第三句提到，这些山谷的土壤和水的使用体现了创新和交换，由此可排除B项；第六句谈到，水的使用和洪水的季节性爆发也促成了一系列技术创新的诞生，如历法，故可排除D项。选项C为促成创新的原因之一而非表现，故本题答案为C项。