Every morning,kids from a local high school are working hard．They are making and selling special coffee at a coffee cafe．They are also making a lot of money. These students can make up to twelve hundred dollars a day．They are selling their special coffee

Practice 7　　When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.　　Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy (树冠) of taller indigenous (土生土长的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.　　Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators (捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.　　Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.　　Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.

Practice 3　　Tea, that most quintessential of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the beverage first appeared in England.　　The use of tea spread slowly from its Asian homeland, reaching Europe by way of Venice around 1560, although Portuguese trading ships may have made contact with the Chinese as early as 1515.　　It was the Portuguese and Dutch traders who first imported tea to Europe, with regular shipments by 1610. England was a latecomer to the tea trade, as the East India Company did not capitalize on tea’s popularity until the mid-18th century.　　Coffee Houses Curiously, it was the London coffee houses that were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants to offer tea was Thomas Garway, who owned an establishment in Exchange Alley. He sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657. Three years later he issued a broadsheet advertising tea at ￡6 and ￡10 per pound (ouch!), touting its virtues at “making the body active and lusty”, and “preserving perfect health until extreme old age”.　　Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the tavern owners, as tea cut their sales of ale and gin, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue from taxes on liquor sales. By1750 tea had become the favored drink of Britain’s lower classes.　　Taxation on Tea Charles II did his bit to counter the growth of tea, with several acts forbidding its sale in private houses. This measure was designed to counter sedition, but it was so unpopular that it was impossible to enforce it. A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license.　　This was just the start of government attempts to control, or at least, to profit from the popularity of tea in Britain. By the mJd-18th century the duty on tea had reached an absurd119%. This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry-tea smuggling.　　Smuggling Tea Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, snuck the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local parish church!　　Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate the tea with other substances, such as willow, licorice, and sloe leaves. Used tea leaves were also retried and added to fresh leaves.

Converting the Masses: Starbucks in China　　It sounds like Mission Impossible: Sell coffee to China’s tea drinkers. Starbucks’ solution is to select high-profile locations on the busiest streets, where stores are sure to seduce the see-and-be-seen set.　　As Starbucks launches an aggressive expansion in China, a coffee frontier steeped in nearly, 000 years of tea. The goal: to build hip hang-outs mat tap into a new taste for China’s emerging middle class.　　Starbucks China doesn’t plan any advertising, promotions, or other marketing strategies,  aside from sponsoring an online coffee club and the occasional office-tower coffee tasting. Instead, the company is counting on selecting such high-visibility, high-traffic cafe locations that they market themselves. Its main advertising medium is the store itself.　　But in fast-changing Chinese cities, finding locations that will embody the fight lifestyle is more akin to gambling than science. The computerized mapping databases that the company uses to test a potential street comer in the United States would be little help in Chinese cities. Starbucks also faces an uphill battle. Local media reported that 70％of people they surveyed would rather not see the chain in Beijing’s Forbidden City. And even for middle-class Chinese, Starbucks is a barely affordable luxury.　　While retailers say a top marketing weapon in urban China is to charge more for public consumption. That’s because Chinese customers have different priorities than their American yuppie counterparts. Guys 40 years old are not coffee drinkers, but if the environment is good and the coffee is not bad, they’ll come back. The store layout, artwork and food options make Starbucks more friendly to Chinese eyes, but coffee remains the core offering and people don’t go there for the coffee. They go there to present themselves as modem Chinese in a public setting.

Coffee originally came from _____.

The main topic of this passage is _____.

His morning routine included eating an English muffin with grape jelly, then to drink coffee from a styrofoam cup, and sitting down to draw his daily comic strip.

For Question 1, select one answer choice.　 Which of the following can be inferred from the overall process involved in preparing coffee beans?

The local government leaders are making every effort to（）the problem of poverty.

As Starbucks launches an aggressive expansion in China, a coffee frontier steeped in nearly, 5000 years of tea. The goal: to build hip hang-outs mat tap into a new taste for China’s emerging middle class. Starbucks China doesn’t plan any advertising, promotions, or other marketing strategies, aside from sponsoring an online coffee club and the occasional office-tower coffee tasting. Instead, the company is counting on selecting such high-visibility, high-traffic cafe locations that they market themselves. Its main advertising medium is the store itself.