The machine looked like a large, ___, old-fashioned typewriter.A) forceful B) clumsy C) intense D) tricky

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FDA : Human , Animal Waste Threatens Produce
The biggest food safety risk for fresh fruits and vegetables as they are grown,picked or processed comes from human and animal waste,the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)said Friday.
More than 9,000 Americans die each year from food-borne diseases and some scientists believe fresh produce is the biggest carrier of contamination.
The FDA issued a set of draft guidelines for US and foreign growers to carefully monitor worker hygiene, water quality,manure management and transportation.
These 34-page draft guidelines urged growers to give workers lessons on basic hygiene such as using soap to wash their hands,covering wounds that could come into contact with produce,and using only clean toilets.
The FDA guidelines identified"the major source of contamination"for fresh produce as human or animal feces.
"We think just proper controls and proper attention to detail would make a big difference in food safety,"said an FDA official."It is our belief that these guidelines would not be very costly."
But grower groups disagreed with the FDA's assessment."Most food-borne disease outbreaks that happen further down the distribution line are due to contamination because people preparing food are not properly washing their hands,"said Stacey Zawal,an official with United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association."That is not necessarily true for growers and packers."
Some US grower organizations have expressed concern that the agency is interfering with on-farm practices.Others object to the FDA's proposal to have growers formally document the picking,handling and transportation of produce so that health officials could quickly recall foods if necessary.
Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines as of little use because they will not carry the force of law.But stricter regulations could evolve as researchers find new technology or methods to kill harmful bacteria or parasites,the FDA said.
The FDA recommendations are due to be made final by the FDA later this year for use by US and foreign growers.The matter of encouraging foreign growers to adopt the guidelines remains somewhat tricky but FDA officials say it is vital because of the huge amount of imported produce.

" Food-borne diseases"in this essay means those diseases______.
A:which people get by eating fruits and vegetables which have been polluted
B:which people get by eating too many kinds of food
C:which many kinds of fruit get when polluted by feces
D:which fruit-growers get by their failure to keep themselves clean

At the Polish Club in Glasgow,Scots and Poles socialize easily.Many of the customers in its restaurant are Scotlish,eager to try Polish food before going there on holiday,says 16-year-old Mari-a,who moved to Scotland eight years ago and works in the club part-time as a waitress.She,by contrast,has no desire to retum.Scotland's welcome has been warm.Its govemmenl wants it to be warmer still.Scotland's leaders h8ve long mainLained that they need immigrants more ihan the rest of Britain does,both to boost the country's sparse population and to alleviate skiUs shortages.Between 1981 and 2003 Scotland's population declined.Most of Lhe population growth that Scodand has seen since then has been thanks to migrants,largely from outside Britain.Scots are having fewer children and ageing more rapidly than other Britons:on current trends the Scottish population will swell by just 4%by 2062 compared with 23qo for Britain as a whole,according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies.The only group expected to grow is the oldest one.If Scots vote for independence,a nationalist govemment promises to encourage immigraLion.It would offer incentives for migrants willing to move to far-flung spoLs.It would ease the nationwide requirement that immigrants must earn a particular salary to gain residency to reflect the lower cost of living there.Students would be able to stay after graduating and work for several years.Turning these aspirations into a workable immigraLion policy would be tricky.Though anxious to join the EU,Scotland's government is less keen on the Schengen travel zone,which allows non-EU ciUzens to travel on a single visa.It wants to remain part of the Common Travel Area,like the Republic oflreland,which imposes minimal border controls.Robert Wright,an economist at Strathclyde Uruversity who has advised the government on demography,is unconvinced this pick-and-mix approach to EU membership would work.And this would be one of many strains on Scotland's relationship with the rest of Britain.Different immigration policies in two countries that share a land border could result in stricter controls,including passport checks between them.Humza Yousaf,Scodand's minister for extemal affairs and international development,denies they would be necessary.Scotland would have border management,he stresses,not border guards.But some English politicians may disagree.If the nationalists lose the independence vote,London could be minded to devolve further powers to Scodand,perhaps including over immigration.Mr Wnght argues there is scope for more regional diversity.In Canada,immigraLion requirements are eased if people agree to live in less popular provinces.Scots are somewhat less resisLant to immigration Lhan other Britons.Some 58%want fewer migrants in ScoLland.Fully 75qo of English and Welsh people want fewer in their countries,says a report by the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford.And Scots are more sanguine.Just 21%identify immigration as one of Lhe most important issues facing the country,lower than the British average of 33%,according to Ipsos MORI,a pollster.Thal equanimity stems in part from the fact that migrants in Scotland are not especially common.More than half of its"foreign"residents come from other parts of Britain.Attitudes to immigrants tend to be softest where newcomers are scarce,as in Scotland,or very numerous,as in London.They harden in between those extremes.In eastern England,for example,where eastern Europeans are increasingly numerous,38%fume about immigration.If Scotland manages to entice more foreigners,it will enter this difficult middle territory.The warm Scottish welcome could cool.



Robert Wright holds that

A.cost of living is lower in Scotland
B.Scoland's population will grow slowly
C.Scotland is unlikely to be an EU member
D.she doesn't wanl to go back to her counlry
E.Polish food is not as good as Scoltish food
F.border guards are unnecessary for Scoland
G.Scots are more optimistic toward immigration problem

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第二篇

If you want to teach your children how to say sorry,you must be good at saying it yourself,especially to your own children.But how you say it can be quite tricky.
If you say to your children"I'm sorry I got angry with you,but…”what follows that"but"can render the apology ineffective:"I had a bad day"or"your noise was giving me a headache"leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.
Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say"I'm sorry you're upset";this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.
Then there is the general,all-covering apology,which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting,and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.Saying"I'm useless as a parent"does not commit a person to any specific improvement.
These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness.Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength,and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.
But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition,children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does,and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology.A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children's expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable,but that borrowing a parent's clothes without permission is not.

If a mother adds"but"to an apology,_________.
A:she doesn't feel that she should have apologized
B:she does not realize that the child has been hurt
C:the child may find the apology easier to accept
D:the child may feel that he owes her an apology

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The Mysteries of Nazca

In the desert of Peru,300 kilometers from Lima,one of the most unusual artworks in the world has
mystified（迷惑）people for decades._________(46 ) But from high above,these marks are huge images of
birds,fish,seashells,all beautifully carved into the earth.
The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren't discovered until the 1930s,
when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all,there are about 70 different human and animal
figures on the plain,along with 900 triangles,circles,and lines.
Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old,but their purpose is still a
mystery._________(47)However,it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of
pictures of dogs and monkeys.
In the 1940s,an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle(己
录）of the movement of the stars and planets._________(48)Later,an astronomer tested his theory with a
computer,but he couldn't find any relation between the lines and movements in space.
Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons.British researcher Tony
Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountain and learned that they sometimes pray by
the side of the road.It's possible that in the past,the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose.
_________(49)But the local people have never constructed anything this big.
Recently,two other scientists,David Johnson and Steve Mabee,have speculated that lines could have
been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and receives only 2cm of rain every year.
While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area,he noticed that some waterways built by
ancient people were connected with the lines.Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the
underground water in the area._________（50)

_________(46)
A:Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.
B: A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.
C:Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.
D:The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.
E:Seen from the ground,it looks like lines scratched into the earth.
F: He called Nazca"the largest astronomy book in the world".

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第一篇

Is the Tie a Necessity?

Ties,or neckties,have been asymbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for
centuries.But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them.Reports
suggest that even the civil servants maystop wearing ties.So,are the famously formal
British really going to abandon the neckties?
Maybe.Last week,the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a
tieless era.He hinted that civi!servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of
fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.
In fact,Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party.Many
of them were celebrities（知名人士）without ties, which would have been unimaginable even
in the recent past.
For some more conservative British,the tie is a must for proper appearance.Earlier,
Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in
public without a tie.For people like Callaghan,the tie was a sign of being complete,of
showing respect.Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church,to work in the
office,to a party-almost every social occasion.
But today,people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.
The origin of the tie is tricky.It started as something called simply a"band".The term
could mean anything around a man's neck.It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s.
Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear（颈饰）
impressed Charles II , the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time.
When he returned to England in 1660,he brought this new fashion item along with him.
It wasn't,however,until the late 18^th century that fancy young men introduced a more
colorful,flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie.Then,clubs,
military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the
wearer's membership in the late 1gth century.After that,the tie became a necessary item of
clothing for British gentlemen.
But now,even gentlemen are getting tired of ties.Anyway,the day feels a bit easier
when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.

Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie?
A:Because he wants to make a show.
B: Because he wants to attract attention.
C: Because ties are costly.
D:Because he wants to live in a casual way.

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Easy Learning

Students should be jealous.Not only do babies get to doze their days away,but they've also
mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.
By the time babies are a year old they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the university of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast be-cause they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.
To test the theory,Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives.They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds一one that sounds like "oo",another like"ee"and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between.EEG recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.
Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers,while the rest were split into two sleepstudy groups.One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels,while the others listened to the other,easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.
When tested in the morning,and again in the evening,the babies who'd heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed,while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.
Cheour doesn't know how babies accomplish this night-time learning,but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults,babies don't"turn off" their cerebral cortex while they sleep.The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life,she add一so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups,Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.

The study shows that the infant's cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

"It′s no use,Mum,"said Johnny."I′m just no good at dancing."
"You′ve got to keep trying.Tonight will be?21,dear.Try a turn with that pretty Lisette."Johnny?22.Every Saturday night used to be the best of the week.He and his parents went to the?23?at the Club,where his hero,Alcide,played the accordion(手风琴)with the band.But lately everything had changed.Now that Johnny was older,he was?24?to dance with a girl!25?Johnny and his parents arrived at the Club,music had already started.Johnny got up his?26?to approach Lisette."May I have this dance?"Johnny asked."That′s all right,"said Lisette.Johnny struggled to keep up with Lisette′s?27?steps,but he was always one beat behind her.Then Johnny heard his friend Pierre say,"Look!Johnny has two left feet!"Laughter burst from the crowd.Johnny?28?and ran outside,determined never to go to another dance.
The next Saturday,Alcide drove to Johnny′s house for some potatoes.He happened to hear Johnny playing the accordion.Alcide′s eyes?29."Bring that accordion and play some songs tonight,"Alcide said.Then he drove off,leaving Johnny staring open-mouthed?30him.
At the Club,Johnny scanned the crowd for Lisette and?31?her.The band played for a long time before Alcide said,"Dear friends,I got a?32?for you tonight.Young Johnny is going to join us!"Trembling,Johnny stepped up on the platform,his eyes on the floor.He began to play,and the band joined in behind him.When the song ended,he heard cheers.Johnny kept playing until the dance was?33"You did a fine job tonight.Play with us again next Saturday night,"Alcide said."Yes,sir!"said Johnny.34?he went outside,Johnny saw Lisette and her friends near the door.Lisette stepped forward,smiling,"You played really good tonight!"she said.
"Thank you,"Johnny blushed(脸红).As he walked on,Pierre?35?moved out of the way for him to pass.
Johnny patted his accordion.Come to think of it,in his whole life,he had never once seen Aleide out on the dance floor.

第27题答案是

A.smooth
B.clumsy
C.slow
D.small