共用题干 In Sports,Red is the Winning ColorWhen opponents of a game are equally matched,the team dressed in red is more likely to win,accord- ing to a new study.British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that co
题目
共用题干
In Sports,Red is the Winning Color
When opponents of a game are equally matched,the team dressed in red is more likely to win,accord-
ing to a new study.
British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclu-
sion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing,tae kwon do,Greco-Roman-wresting,and freestyle-
wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens,Greece.
In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors.
When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill,athletes wearing red were more
likely to win the bout.
"Where there was a large point difference一presumably because one contestant was far superior to the
other一color had no effect on the outcome,"Barton said."Where there was a small point difference,the
effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance."
In equally matched bouts,the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to
chance,the anthropologists say.Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the
Euro 2004 international soccer tournament.Their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal
Nature.
Joanna Setchell,a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England,has found similar
results in nature.Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration
gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.
The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her,adding that
"the idea of the study is very clever."
Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in
primates一“red seems to be the color,across species,that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,"
Barton said.
For example,studies by Setchell,the Cambridge primate researcher,show that dominant male man-
drills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red
plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds'dominance.
Barton said he and Hill speculated that"there might be a similar effect in humans.And if so,it could
be apparent in sporting contests."
The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans'
response to color.
Setchell,the primatologist,agrees."As Hill and Barton say,humans redden when we are angry and
pale when we're scared.These are very important signals to other individuals,"she said.
The advantage of red may be intuitively known,judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports一
"though it is clearly not very widely appreciated,on a conscious level at least,"Barton said.
He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting
attire.In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study;for example,it is possible some medal winners
may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.
"That is the implication,though we cannot say that it made the difference in any specific case,"Barton
said.
Meanwhile,Setchell noted一tongue-in-cheek一that a red advantage may not be limited to sports.
"Going by the recent U.S.election results,red is indeed quite successful,"she said.
In Sports,Red is the Winning Color
When opponents of a game are equally matched,the team dressed in red is more likely to win,accord-
ing to a new study.
British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclu-
sion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing,tae kwon do,Greco-Roman-wresting,and freestyle-
wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens,Greece.
In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors.
When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill,athletes wearing red were more
likely to win the bout.
"Where there was a large point difference一presumably because one contestant was far superior to the
other一color had no effect on the outcome,"Barton said."Where there was a small point difference,the
effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance."
In equally matched bouts,the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to
chance,the anthropologists say.Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the
Euro 2004 international soccer tournament.Their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal
Nature.
Joanna Setchell,a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England,has found similar
results in nature.Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration
gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.
The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her,adding that
"the idea of the study is very clever."
Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in
primates一“red seems to be the color,across species,that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,"
Barton said.
For example,studies by Setchell,the Cambridge primate researcher,show that dominant male man-
drills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red
plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds'dominance.
Barton said he and Hill speculated that"there might be a similar effect in humans.And if so,it could
be apparent in sporting contests."
The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans'
response to color.
Setchell,the primatologist,agrees."As Hill and Barton say,humans redden when we are angry and
pale when we're scared.These are very important signals to other individuals,"she said.
The advantage of red may be intuitively known,judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports一
"though it is clearly not very widely appreciated,on a conscious level at least,"Barton said.
He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting
attire.In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study;for example,it is possible some medal winners
may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.
"That is the implication,though we cannot say that it made the difference in any specific case,"Barton
said.
Meanwhile,Setchell noted一tongue-in-cheek一that a red advantage may not be limited to sports.
"Going by the recent U.S.election results,red is indeed quite successful,"she said.
Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matches.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
相似考题
参考答案和解析
答案：A
解析：
文章第一段提到“当竞争者实力相当时，穿红色队服的队更可能获胜。”又根据文章第 二段中“…Russell Hill and Robert Barton...reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of..."，可知答案为A。
根据文章第八段中“Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates”可知答案为A。
根据文章第六段第二句话“Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.”可知答案为B。
根据文章第九段第二句话中“red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance”可知，对于斑胸草雀来说红色是一种优势，因此答案 为B。
文章第九段最后一句话提到“红色的塑料圈套在雄性斑胸草雀腿上”，并没有提到是否 要永久套在它腿上。故答案为C。
根据文章第三段的内容可知，当竞争者水平差别较大时，衣服是否为红色没起多大作 用；当竞争者水平差不多时，红色衣服起的作用比较大。
根据文章内容可知，红色在比赛中可能会有很大的作用，但全文并没提到运动员反对 运动制服规则。
根据文章第八段中“Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates”可知答案为A。
根据文章第六段第二句话“Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.”可知答案为B。
根据文章第九段第二句话中“red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance”可知，对于斑胸草雀来说红色是一种优势，因此答案 为B。
文章第九段最后一句话提到“红色的塑料圈套在雄性斑胸草雀腿上”，并没有提到是否 要永久套在它腿上。故答案为C。
根据文章第三段的内容可知，当竞争者水平差别较大时，衣服是否为红色没起多大作 用；当竞争者水平差不多时，红色衣服起的作用比较大。
根据文章内容可知，红色在比赛中可能会有很大的作用，但全文并没提到运动员反对 运动制服规则。
更多“共用题干 In Sports,Red is the Winning ColorWhen opponents of a game are equally matched,the team dressed in red is more likely to win,accord- ing to a new study.British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that co”相关问题
-
第1题：
Potala Palace in ( ) is situated on Red Hill.
A. Lanzhou
B. Yushu
C. Lhasa
D. Yinchuan
正确答案：C
-
第2题：
This could be the winning game for the ________, who only needs two more points for the championship.A、follower
B、winner
C、loser
D、challenger
参考答案：D
-
第3题：
共用题干
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation.Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory；athletic games,played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found;and hunting and fishing.Most sports are seasonal,so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year.Some sports are called spectator sports,as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US.It is played throughout the spring and sum-mer,and professional baseball teams play well into the fall.Although no other game is exact-ly like baseball,perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall.The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago.It is still played by almost every college and university in the coun-try,and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people.The game is not the same as European football or soccer.In American football there are 11 players on each team,and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.Like football,basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries.Many Americans prefer it to foot-ball because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.It is a very popular game with high schools,and in more than 20 states,state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling,boxing,and horse racing.Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen,the accuracy of the term is questionable,as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes.The so-called sportsmen are the spectators,who do“not assemble” primarily to see the horses race,but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：题干意为“在美国，男人们，无论老少，都喜欢打猎和钓鱼”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语hunting, fishing, men, US作为定位线索，同时关注题干中的修饰词young, old，这样找到相关句Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles,which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory;athletic games,played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found； and hunting and fishing，相关句意为“在美 国，运动有各种各样的形式：有组织的比赛争夺，吸引着众多的人群去为他们最喜欢的队取得胜利而喝彩，为了消遣只要能找到足够的场地就举行的竞技活动，此外，还有打猎和捕鱼。” 由相关句可知“打猎和钓鱼是美国人的两种运动形式”，但至于什么样的人喜欢打猎和捕鱼却没有提到，短文的其他部分也没有谈到这样的内容，因此是否主要是男人们喜欢打猎和捕鱼 是从短文中无法获取的信息。
题干意为“职业棒球队在春夏两个赛季结束之后还可以在秋季继续进行比赛很长时间”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语professional baseball teams , the regular baseball seasons,a long period of time, fall, spring, summer作为定位线索，这样找到相关句 Baseball is the most popular sport in the US.It is played throughout the spring and summer （对应the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer),and professional baseball teams play well into the fall（对应a long period of time in the fall)．相关句提到“整个春夏两个赛季人们都在打棒球，职业棒球比赛进入秋季后还可以持续很长时间”。很明显，题干句意义与 短文中相关内容一致。
题干意为“棒球比赛和英国的板球比赛之间有很多共同点”。利用题干中的 名词和名词短语baseball, English game of cricket, many features作为定位线索，这样找到相 关句Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket(英国板球比赛），相关句提到“与棒球运动最接近的是英国的板球运动”，这与题干句的句意一致，因此题干句陈述了正确的信息。
题干意为“足球可以被归类为一种观赏性的运动”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语football , spectator sport作为定位线索，这样找到相关句Some sports are called spectator sports , as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game（第一段最后一 句）… the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people。相关句提到“最大的大学足球体育馆能容纳下八万名观众”，而根据spectator sports的定义（观众的人数大大地超过参加比赛的球员的人数），由此可以得出这样的结论：足球是观赏性的运动。有的阅读判断题考查考生依据所给的阅读材料进行分析和推断的能力。
题干意为“许多美国人同橄榄球相比更喜欢篮球，因为橄榄球比赛很粗鲁，所以球员们都必须得穿上特别的制服”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语many Americans, basketball,football, players, special uniforms作为定位线索，这样找到相关句Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.Like football,basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries.Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game。相关句提到“许多美国 人喜欢篮球胜过橄榄球是因为篮球整个冬季可以在室内比赛，而且节奏更快”，显然短文中陈 述的美国人更喜欢篮球的原因与题干陈述的原因不一致。
题干意为“在美国篮球在大学里是如此的受欢迎以至于每年都会举行全国范围内的篮球比赛”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语basketball , American , universities , nationwide university matches作为定位线索，这样找到相关句It（指篮球）is a very popular game with high schools,and in more than 20 states,state-wide high school matches（与na-tionwide university matches相对应）are held yearly，相关句意为“篮球在美国中学里非常流行，在20多个州里每年都要举行全州规模的中学篮球比赛”，但该句没有提到大学是否每年都要举行全国性的比赛。整篇短文中也没有提到大学是否会每年举行全国性比赛。
题干意为“赛马迷不能被认为是运动员，因为他们是观众，他们主要的兴趣是赌博”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语horse-racing fans, sportsmen, spectators, primary interest , gambling作为定位线索，这样发现相关句Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing,and horse racing.…The so-called sportsmen are the spectators,who do“not assemble”primarily to see the horses race,but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing，相关句提到“赛马比赛吸引人之处是赌博，赛马迷只是对赌博感兴趣”，显然相关句与题干意义一致。 -
第4题：
共用题干
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation.Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory；athletic games,played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found;and hunting and fishing.Most sports are seasonal,so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year.Some sports are called spectator sports,as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US.It is played throughout the spring and sum-mer,and professional baseball teams play well into the fall.Although no other game is exact-ly like baseball,perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall.The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago.It is still played by almost every college and university in the coun-try,and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people.The game is not the same as European football or soccer.In American football there are 11 players on each team,and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.Like football,basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries.Many Americans prefer it to foot-ball because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.It is a very popular game with high schools,and in more than 20 states,state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling,boxing,and horse racing.Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen,the accuracy of the term is questionable,as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes.The so-called sportsmen are the spectators,who do“not assemble” primarily to see the horses race,but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：题干意为“在美国，男人们，无论老少，都喜欢打猎和钓鱼”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语hunting, fishing, men, US作为定位线索，同时关注题干中的修饰词young, old，这样找到相关句Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles,which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory;athletic games,played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found； and hunting and fishing，相关句意为“在美 国，运动有各种各样的形式：有组织的比赛争夺，吸引着众多的人群去为他们最喜欢的队取得胜利而喝彩，为了消遣只要能找到足够的场地就举行的竞技活动，此外，还有打猎和捕鱼。” 由相关句可知“打猎和钓鱼是美国人的两种运动形式”，但至于什么样的人喜欢打猎和捕鱼却没有提到，短文的其他部分也没有谈到这样的内容，因此是否主要是男人们喜欢打猎和捕鱼 是从短文中无法获取的信息。
题干意为“职业棒球队在春夏两个赛季结束之后还可以在秋季继续进行比赛很长时间”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语professional baseball teams , the regular baseball seasons,a long period of time, fall, spring, summer作为定位线索，这样找到相关句 Baseball is the most popular sport in the US.It is played throughout the spring and summer （对应the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer),and professional baseball teams play well into the fall（对应a long period of time in the fall)．相关句提到“整个春夏两个赛季人们都在打棒球，职业棒球比赛进入秋季后还可以持续很长时间”。很明显，题干句意义与 短文中相关内容一致。
题干意为“棒球比赛和英国的板球比赛之间有很多共同点”。利用题干中的 名词和名词短语baseball, English game of cricket, many features作为定位线索，这样找到相 关句Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket(英国板球比赛），相关句提到“与棒球运动最接近的是英国的板球运动”，这与题干句的句意一致，因此题干句陈述了正确的信息。
题干意为“足球可以被归类为一种观赏性的运动”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语football , spectator sport作为定位线索，这样找到相关句Some sports are called spectator sports , as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game（第一段最后一 句）… the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people。相关句提到“最大的大学足球体育馆能容纳下八万名观众”，而根据spectator sports的定义（观众的人数大大地超过参加比赛的球员的人数），由此可以得出这样的结论：足球是观赏性的运动。有的阅读判断题考查考生依据所给的阅读材料进行分析和推断的能力。
题干意为“许多美国人同橄榄球相比更喜欢篮球，因为橄榄球比赛很粗鲁，所以球员们都必须得穿上特别的制服”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语many Americans, basketball,football, players, special uniforms作为定位线索，这样找到相关句Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.Like football,basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries.Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game。相关句提到“许多美国 人喜欢篮球胜过橄榄球是因为篮球整个冬季可以在室内比赛，而且节奏更快”，显然短文中陈 述的美国人更喜欢篮球的原因与题干陈述的原因不一致。
题干意为“在美国篮球在大学里是如此的受欢迎以至于每年都会举行全国范围内的篮球比赛”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语basketball , American , universities , nationwide university matches作为定位线索，这样找到相关句It（指篮球）is a very popular game with high schools,and in more than 20 states,state-wide high school matches（与na-tionwide university matches相对应）are held yearly，相关句意为“篮球在美国中学里非常流行，在20多个州里每年都要举行全州规模的中学篮球比赛”，但该句没有提到大学是否每年都要举行全国性的比赛。整篇短文中也没有提到大学是否会每年举行全国性比赛。
题干意为“赛马迷不能被认为是运动员，因为他们是观众，他们主要的兴趣是赌博”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语horse-racing fans, sportsmen, spectators, primary interest , gambling作为定位线索，这样发现相关句Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing,and horse racing.…The so-called sportsmen are the spectators,who do“not assemble”primarily to see the horses race,but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing，相关句提到“赛马比赛吸引人之处是赌博，赛马迷只是对赌博感兴趣”，显然相关句与题干意义一致。 -
第5题：
共用题干
In Sports,Red is the Winning Color
When opponents of a game are equally matched,the team dressed in red is more likely to win,accord-
ing to a new study.
British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclu-
sion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing,tae kwon do,Greco-Roman-wresting,and freestyle-
wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens,Greece.
In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors.
When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill,athletes wearing red were more
likely to win the bout.
"Where there was a large point difference一presumably because one contestant was far superior to the
other一color had no effect on the outcome,"Barton said."Where there was a small point difference,the
effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance."
In equally matched bouts,the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to
chance,the anthropologists say.Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the
Euro 2004 international soccer tournament.Their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal
Nature.
Joanna Setchell,a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England,has found similar
results in nature.Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration
gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.
The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her,adding that
"the idea of the study is very clever."
Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in
primates一“red seems to be the color,across species,that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,"
Barton said.
For example,studies by Setchell,the Cambridge primate researcher,show that dominant male man-
drills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red
plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds'dominance.
Barton said he and Hill speculated that"there might be a similar effect in humans.And if so,it could
be apparent in sporting contests."
The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans'
response to color.
Setchell,the primatologist,agrees."As Hill and Barton say,humans redden when we are angry and
pale when we're scared.These are very important signals to other individuals,"she said.
The advantage of red may be intuitively known,judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports一
"though it is clearly not very widely appreciated,on a conscious level at least,"Barton said.
He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting
attire.In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study;for example,it is possible some medal winners
may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.
"That is the implication,though we cannot say that it made the difference in any specific case,"Barton
said.
Meanwhile,Setchell noted一tongue-in-cheek一that a red advantage may not be limited to sports.
"Going by the recent U.S.election results,red is indeed quite successful,"she said.Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第一段提到“当竞争者实力相当时，穿红色队服的队更可能获胜。”又根据文章第 二段中“…Russell Hill and Robert Barton...reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of..."，可知答案为A。
根据文章第八段中“Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates”可知答案为A。
根据文章第六段第二句话“Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.”可知答案为B。
根据文章第九段第二句话中“red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance”可知，对于斑胸草雀来说红色是一种优势，因此答案 为B。
文章第九段最后一句话提到“红色的塑料圈套在雄性斑胸草雀腿上”，并没有提到是否 要永久套在它腿上。故答案为C。
根据文章第三段的内容可知，当竞争者水平差别较大时，衣服是否为红色没起多大作 用；当竞争者水平差不多时，红色衣服起的作用比较大。
根据文章内容可知，红色在比赛中可能会有很大的作用，但全文并没提到运动员反对 运动制服规则。 -
第6题：
共用题干
In Sports,Red is the Winning Color
When opponents of a game are equally matched,the team dressed in red is more likely to win,accord-
ing to a new study.
British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclu-
sion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing,tae kwon do,Greco-Roman-wresting,and freestyle-
wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens,Greece.
In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors.
When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill,athletes wearing red were more
likely to win the bout.
"Where there was a large point difference一presumably because one contestant was far superior to the
other一color had no effect on the outcome,"Barton said."Where there was a small point difference,the
effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance."
In equally matched bouts,the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to
chance,the anthropologists say.Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the
Euro 2004 international soccer tournament.Their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal
Nature.
Joanna Setchell,a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England,has found similar
results in nature.Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration
gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.
The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her,adding that
"the idea of the study is very clever."
Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in
primates一“red seems to be the color,across species,that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,"
Barton said.
For example,studies by Setchell,the Cambridge primate researcher,show that dominant male man-
drills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red
plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds'dominance.
Barton said he and Hill speculated that"there might be a similar effect in humans.And if so,it could
be apparent in sporting contests."
The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans'
response to color.
Setchell,the primatologist,agrees."As Hill and Barton say,humans redden when we are angry and
pale when we're scared.These are very important signals to other individuals,"she said.
The advantage of red may be intuitively known,judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports一
"though it is clearly not very widely appreciated,on a conscious level at least,"Barton said.
He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting
attire.In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study;for example,it is possible some medal winners
may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.
"That is the implication,though we cannot say that it made the difference in any specific case,"Barton
said.
Meanwhile,Setchell noted一tongue-in-cheek一that a red advantage may not be limited to sports.
"Going by the recent U.S.election results,red is indeed quite successful,"she said.Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第一段提到“当竞争者实力相当时，穿红色队服的队更可能获胜。”又根据文章第 二段中“…Russell Hill and Robert Barton...reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of..."，可知答案为A。
根据文章第八段中“Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates”可知答案为A。
根据文章第六段第二句话“Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.”可知答案为B。
根据文章第九段第二句话中“red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance”可知，对于斑胸草雀来说红色是一种优势，因此答案 为B。
文章第九段最后一句话提到“红色的塑料圈套在雄性斑胸草雀腿上”，并没有提到是否 要永久套在它腿上。故答案为C。
根据文章第三段的内容可知，当竞争者水平差别较大时，衣服是否为红色没起多大作 用；当竞争者水平差不多时，红色衣服起的作用比较大。
根据文章内容可知，红色在比赛中可能会有很大的作用，但全文并没提到运动员反对 运动制服规则。 -
第7题：
共用题干
In Sports,Red is the Winning Color
When opponents of a game are equally matched,the team dressed in red is more likely to win,accord-
ing to a new study.
British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclu-
sion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing,tae kwon do,Greco-Roman-wresting,and freestyle-
wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens,Greece.
In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors.
When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill,athletes wearing red were more
likely to win the bout.
"Where there was a large point difference一presumably because one contestant was far superior to the
other一color had no effect on the outcome,"Barton said."Where there was a small point difference,the
effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance."
In equally matched bouts,the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to
chance,the anthropologists say.Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the
Euro 2004 international soccer tournament.Their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal
Nature.
Joanna Setchell,a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England,has found similar
results in nature.Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration
gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.
The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her,adding that
"the idea of the study is very clever."
Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in
primates一“red seems to be the color,across species,that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,"
Barton said.
For example,studies by Setchell,the Cambridge primate researcher,show that dominant male man-
drills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red
plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds'dominance.
Barton said he and Hill speculated that"there might be a similar effect in humans.And if so,it could
be apparent in sporting contests."
The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans'
response to color.
Setchell,the primatologist,agrees."As Hill and Barton say,humans redden when we are angry and
pale when we're scared.These are very important signals to other individuals,"she said.
The advantage of red may be intuitively known,judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports一
"though it is clearly not very widely appreciated,on a conscious level at least,"Barton said.
He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting
attire.In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study;for example,it is possible some medal winners
may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.
"That is the implication,though we cannot say that it made the difference in any specific case,"Barton
said.
Meanwhile,Setchell noted一tongue-in-cheek一that a red advantage may not be limited to sports.
"Going by the recent U.S.election results,red is indeed quite successful,"she said.Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第一段提到“当竞争者实力相当时，穿红色队服的队更可能获胜。”又根据文章第 二段中“…Russell Hill and Robert Barton...reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of..."，可知答案为A。
根据文章第八段中“Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates”可知答案为A。
根据文章第六段第二句话“Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.”可知答案为B。
根据文章第九段第二句话中“red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance”可知，对于斑胸草雀来说红色是一种优势，因此答案 为B。
文章第九段最后一句话提到“红色的塑料圈套在雄性斑胸草雀腿上”，并没有提到是否 要永久套在它腿上。故答案为C。
根据文章第三段的内容可知，当竞争者水平差别较大时，衣服是否为红色没起多大作 用；当竞争者水平差不多时，红色衣服起的作用比较大。
根据文章内容可知，红色在比赛中可能会有很大的作用，但全文并没提到运动员反对 运动制服规则。 -
第8题：
Uncle Sam sent him a（）bicycle as a birthday present.
- A、red sports new
- B、sports new red
- C、new sports red
- D、new red sports
正确答案:D -
第9题：
单选题Uncle Sam sent him a（）bicycle as a birthday present.Ared sports new
Bsports new red
Cnew sports red
Dnew red sports
正确答案： C解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
填空题Rudolph, one of Santa Claus’ friends, appeared in Robert May’s story as a reindeer (with a disturbing red nose).____正确答案： I解析：
根据题干中“Rudolph”定位到I段。把小标题中的“Rudolph”和下文内容结合起来，可知在Robert May的故事中，Rudolph是第九头驯鹿（reindeer）的名字，故匹配段落为I段。 -
第11题：
单选题The author of Passage 1 would most likely bolster the claim made in lines 99-101 of Passage 2 (But cognitively,.the outcome) by explaining that ______.Athe final moments of a game are frequently more exciting than the other moments of the game, and hence seem more relevant
Bthe opinion of coaches is usually more informed, and hence more rational, than the opinion of sports fans
Csuperstitious thinking applies as much to the end of a game as it does to the beginning of a game
Dthe behavior in a basketball game is similar to the hunting behavior of our ancestors
Eour intuitions regarding sporting events are surprisingly reliable
正确答案： C解析：
第一篇文章的作者认为强烈的情感一般会使事件更容易记得，也会被认为更重要。所以第一篇文章的作者很可能会通过比赛的最后时刻往往比比赛的其他时刻更令人激动，因此看起来也更为重要这个现象来支持他的观点。 -
第12题：
单选题Since red flags are likely to be raised at the IRS by the reporting of gambling income, business owners who declare their income as business revenue is less likely to receive an audit.ASince red flags are likely to be raised at the IRS by the reporting of gambling income, business owners who declare their income as business revenue is less likely to receive an andit.
BBecause the reporting of gambling income is likely to raise red flags at the IRS, business owners can reduce their chances of receiving an audit by declaring that income as business revenue.
CBusiness owners can reduce their chances of receiving an audit by declaring the income as business revenue, since the reporting of gambling income is likely to raise red flags at the IRS.
DTheir chances of receiving an audit are reduced by business owners who report that income as business revenue. because the reporting of gambling income is likely to raise red flags at the IRS.
EThe reporting of that income as business revenue can reduce the chances of business owners of receiving an audit, because of the red flags not having been raised at the IRS by the reporting of gambling income.
正确答案： E解析：
A项中存在主谓不一致问题。C、D、E三项表述不清，故本题应选B项。 -
第13题：
What is NOT the influence of fans on the performance of a sports team?A、They play a big role in team spirit.
B、The number of fans watching the game will help increase or reduce the team spirit.
C、Fans give money to support their team.
D、Fans pray for their team.
参考答案：CD
-
第14题：
若有以下程序
执行时若输入：（其中<；Enter>；表示回车符）
Fig flower is red．<；Enter>；
则输出结果是
A.wet is red．Fig Co is blue．
B.wet is red．Fig flo
C.wet is red．The sky is blue．
D.Fig flower is red．The sky is blue．
正确答案：A
程序首先初始化字符数组b[]，执行for循环语句。循环变量i的取值范围从0到6。在for循环语句中通过scanf函数将从键盘上输入的数据输入到b[]中，即b的值为FigCoisblue．。退出for循环语句，执行语句gets(A．；，gets()函数的调用形式为：gets(str_adr)，其中str_adr是存放输入字符串的起始地址，可以是字符数组名。字符数组元素的地址或字符指针变量。gets函数用来从终端键盘读入字符串(包括空格符)，直到读入一个换行符为止，即a的值为wflrisred．。因此A选项正确。 -
第15题：
共用题干
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation.Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory；athletic games,played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found;and hunting and fishing.Most sports are seasonal,so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year.Some sports are called spectator sports,as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US.It is played throughout the spring and sum-mer,and professional baseball teams play well into the fall.Although no other game is exact-ly like baseball,perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall.The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago.It is still played by almost every college and university in the coun-try,and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people.The game is not the same as European football or soccer.In American football there are 11 players on each team,and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.Like football,basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries.Many Americans prefer it to foot-ball because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.It is a very popular game with high schools,and in more than 20 states,state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling,boxing,and horse racing.Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen,the accuracy of the term is questionable,as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes.The so-called sportsmen are the spectators,who do“not assemble” primarily to see the horses race,but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall af-ter the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：题干意为“在美国，男人们，无论老少，都喜欢打猎和钓鱼”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语hunting, fishing, men, US作为定位线索，同时关注题干中的修饰词young, old，这样找到相关句Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles,which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory;athletic games,played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found； and hunting and fishing，相关句意为“在美 国，运动有各种各样的形式：有组织的比赛争夺，吸引着众多的人群去为他们最喜欢的队取得胜利而喝彩，为了消遣只要能找到足够的场地就举行的竞技活动，此外，还有打猎和捕鱼。” 由相关句可知“打猎和钓鱼是美国人的两种运动形式”，但至于什么样的人喜欢打猎和捕鱼却没有提到，短文的其他部分也没有谈到这样的内容，因此是否主要是男人们喜欢打猎和捕鱼 是从短文中无法获取的信息。
题干意为“职业棒球队在春夏两个赛季结束之后还可以在秋季继续进行比赛很长时间”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语professional baseball teams , the regular baseball seasons,a long period of time, fall, spring, summer作为定位线索，这样找到相关句 Baseball is the most popular sport in the US.It is played throughout the spring and summer （对应the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer),and professional baseball teams play well into the fall（对应a long period of time in the fall)．相关句提到“整个春夏两个赛季人们都在打棒球，职业棒球比赛进入秋季后还可以持续很长时间”。很明显，题干句意义与 短文中相关内容一致。
题干意为“棒球比赛和英国的板球比赛之间有很多共同点”。利用题干中的 名词和名词短语baseball, English game of cricket, many features作为定位线索，这样找到相 关句Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket(英国板球比赛），相关句提到“与棒球运动最接近的是英国的板球运动”，这与题干句的句意一致，因此题干句陈述了正确的信息。
题干意为“足球可以被归类为一种观赏性的运动”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语football , spectator sport作为定位线索，这样找到相关句Some sports are called spectator sports , as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game（第一段最后一 句）… the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people。相关句提到“最大的大学足球体育馆能容纳下八万名观众”，而根据spectator sports的定义（观众的人数大大地超过参加比赛的球员的人数），由此可以得出这样的结论：足球是观赏性的运动。有的阅读判断题考查考生依据所给的阅读材料进行分析和推断的能力。
题干意为“许多美国人同橄榄球相比更喜欢篮球，因为橄榄球比赛很粗鲁，所以球员们都必须得穿上特别的制服”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语many Americans, basketball,football, players, special uniforms作为定位线索，这样找到相关句Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.Like football,basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries.Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game。相关句提到“许多美国 人喜欢篮球胜过橄榄球是因为篮球整个冬季可以在室内比赛，而且节奏更快”，显然短文中陈 述的美国人更喜欢篮球的原因与题干陈述的原因不一致。
题干意为“在美国篮球在大学里是如此的受欢迎以至于每年都会举行全国范围内的篮球比赛”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语basketball , American , universities , nationwide university matches作为定位线索，这样找到相关句It（指篮球）is a very popular game with high schools,and in more than 20 states,state-wide high school matches（与na-tionwide university matches相对应）are held yearly，相关句意为“篮球在美国中学里非常流行，在20多个州里每年都要举行全州规模的中学篮球比赛”，但该句没有提到大学是否每年都要举行全国性的比赛。整篇短文中也没有提到大学是否会每年举行全国性比赛。
题干意为“赛马迷不能被认为是运动员，因为他们是观众，他们主要的兴趣是赌博”。利用题干中的名词及名词短语horse-racing fans, sportsmen, spectators, primary interest , gambling作为定位线索，这样发现相关句Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing,and horse racing.…The so-called sportsmen are the spectators,who do“not assemble”primarily to see the horses race,but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing，相关句提到“赛马比赛吸引人之处是赌博，赛马迷只是对赌博感兴趣”，显然相关句与题干意义一致。 -
第16题：
共用题干
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation.Sports in America take a variety of forms;organized competitive struggles,which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory;athletic games,played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found;and hunting and fishing.Most sports are seasonal,so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports,as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US.It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall.Although no other game is exactly like base-ball,perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall.The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago.It is still played by almost every college and university in the country,and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people.The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team,and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets,because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.Like football,basketball origi-nated in the US and is not popular in other countries.Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.It is a very popular game with high schools,and in more than 20 states,state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling,boxing,and horse racing.Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen,the accuracy of term is questionable,as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes.The so-called sportsmen are the spectators,who do "not assemble"primarily to see the horse race,but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nation-wide university matches are held yearly.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章没有谈到这方面的信息。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。
本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：Although no other game is exactly like baseball,perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：Many Americans prefer it ( basketball) to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：It is a very popular game with high schools,and in more than 20 states,state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：The so-called sportsmen are the spectators,who do"not assemble"primarily to see the horse race,but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing. -
第17题：
共用题干
In Sports,Red is the Winning Color
When opponents of a game are equally matched,the team dressed in red is more likely to win,accord-
ing to a new study.
British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclu-
sion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing,tae kwon do,Greco-Roman-wresting,and freestyle-
wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens,Greece.
In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors.
When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill,athletes wearing red were more
likely to win the bout.
"Where there was a large point difference一presumably because one contestant was far superior to the
other一color had no effect on the outcome,"Barton said."Where there was a small point difference,the
effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance."
In equally matched bouts,the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to
chance,the anthropologists say.Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the
Euro 2004 international soccer tournament.Their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal
Nature.
Joanna Setchell,a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England,has found similar
results in nature.Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration
gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.
The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her,adding that
"the idea of the study is very clever."
Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in
primates一“red seems to be the color,across species,that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,"
Barton said.
For example,studies by Setchell,the Cambridge primate researcher,show that dominant male man-
drills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red
plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds'dominance.
Barton said he and Hill speculated that"there might be a similar effect in humans.And if so,it could
be apparent in sporting contests."
The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans'
response to color.
Setchell,the primatologist,agrees."As Hill and Barton say,humans redden when we are angry and
pale when we're scared.These are very important signals to other individuals,"she said.
The advantage of red may be intuitively known,judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports一
"though it is clearly not very widely appreciated,on a conscious level at least,"Barton said.
He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting
attire.In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study;for example,it is possible some medal winners
may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.
"That is the implication,though we cannot say that it made the difference in any specific case,"Barton
said.
Meanwhile,Setchell noted一tongue-in-cheek一that a red advantage may not be limited to sports.
"Going by the recent U.S.election results,red is indeed quite successful,"she said.Hill and Barton are both interested in primates.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：文章第一段提到“当竞争者实力相当时，穿红色队服的队更可能获胜。”又根据文章第 二段中“…Russell Hill and Robert Barton...reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of..."，可知答案为A。
根据文章第八段中“Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates”可知答案为A。
根据文章第六段第二句话“Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.”可知答案为B。
根据文章第九段第二句话中“red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance”可知，对于斑胸草雀来说红色是一种优势，因此答案 为B。
文章第九段最后一句话提到“红色的塑料圈套在雄性斑胸草雀腿上”，并没有提到是否 要永久套在它腿上。故答案为C。
根据文章第三段的内容可知，当竞争者水平差别较大时，衣服是否为红色没起多大作 用；当竞争者水平差不多时，红色衣服起的作用比较大。
根据文章内容可知，红色在比赛中可能会有很大的作用，但全文并没提到运动员反对 运动制服规则。 -
第18题：
共用题干
In Sports,Red is the Winning Color
When opponents of a game are equally matched,the team dressed in red is more likely to win,accord-
ing to a new study.
British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclu-
sion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing,tae kwon do,Greco-Roman-wresting,and freestyle-
wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens,Greece.
In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors.
When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill,athletes wearing red were more
likely to win the bout.
"Where there was a large point difference一presumably because one contestant was far superior to the
other一color had no effect on the outcome,"Barton said."Where there was a small point difference,the
effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance."
In equally matched bouts,the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to
chance,the anthropologists say.Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the
Euro 2004 international soccer tournament.Their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal
Nature.
Joanna Setchell,a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England,has found similar
results in nature.Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration
gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.
The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her,adding that
"the idea of the study is very clever."
Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in
primates一“red seems to be the color,across species,that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,"
Barton said.
For example,studies by Setchell,the Cambridge primate researcher,show that dominant male man-
drills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red
plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds'dominance.
Barton said he and Hill speculated that"there might be a similar effect in humans.And if so,it could
be apparent in sporting contests."
The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans'
response to color.
Setchell,the primatologist,agrees."As Hill and Barton say,humans redden when we are angry and
pale when we're scared.These are very important signals to other individuals,"she said.
The advantage of red may be intuitively known,judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports一
"though it is clearly not very widely appreciated,on a conscious level at least,"Barton said.
He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting
attire.In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study;for example,it is possible some medal winners
may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.
"That is the implication,though we cannot say that it made the difference in any specific case,"Barton
said.
Meanwhile,Setchell noted一tongue-in-cheek一that a red advantage may not be limited to sports.
"Going by the recent U.S.election results,red is indeed quite successful,"she said.Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第一段提到“当竞争者实力相当时，穿红色队服的队更可能获胜。”又根据文章第 二段中“…Russell Hill and Robert Barton...reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of..."，可知答案为A。
根据文章第八段中“Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates”可知答案为A。
根据文章第六段第二句话“Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.”可知答案为B。
根据文章第九段第二句话中“red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance”可知，对于斑胸草雀来说红色是一种优势，因此答案 为B。
文章第九段最后一句话提到“红色的塑料圈套在雄性斑胸草雀腿上”，并没有提到是否 要永久套在它腿上。故答案为C。
根据文章第三段的内容可知，当竞争者水平差别较大时，衣服是否为红色没起多大作 用；当竞争者水平差不多时，红色衣服起的作用比较大。
根据文章内容可知，红色在比赛中可能会有很大的作用，但全文并没提到运动员反对 运动制服规则。 -
第19题：
Uncle Sam sent him a（）bicycle as a birthday present.
Ared sports new
Bsports new red
Cnew sports red
Dnew red sports
D
略 -
第20题：
英诗A Red，Red Rose是诗人Robert Burns的抒情短诗，是歌颂爱情的名篇。
正确答案:正确 -
第21题：
判断题英诗A Red，Red Rose是诗人Robert Burns的抒情短诗，是歌颂爱情的名篇。A对
B错
正确答案： 错解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
填空题Rebecca Hill won title of Prudential Spirit of Community because she raised $24,000 for the American Red Cross.____正确答案： H解析：
由题干关键词“Rebecca Hill”可定位到H段。文中提到Rebecca Hill组织了一场名为“United We Sing”的音乐会并为美国红十字会筹集到2.4万美元，故匹配段落为H段。 -
第23题：
单选题If there are 25 more games to play in the season, how many more games must the team win to end up winning 60% of the games?A15
B16
C18
D20
E21
正确答案： B解析：
To win 60% of all the games, the team must win 30 out of 50. 30-12=18. So it must win l8 games out of the next 25 games.