共用题干 Charter SchoolsAmerican public education has changed in recent years.One change is that increasing numbers of American parents and teachers are starting independent public schools _______(1)charter schools（特许学校）.In 1991,there were no charter schools

Which of the following can serve as a title of this text?

[A] Hard Time for the Preschoolers

[B] Prosperity of Private Schools

[C] The Problem for Public Schools

[D] Americans 's N0 1 Concern

public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government. ()

Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned in Para. 2 to illustrate alternatives to formal education pro- vided ______ by public schools.

A) the importance of educational changes

B) activities that competed to attract new

C) immigrants to their programs

D) the increased impact of public schools on students

in britain, the great majority of parents send their children to____________.

A. independent schools.

B. state schools.

C. public schools.

D. private schools.

Text 4

As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants in to American society.

The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, Unions, churches, and other agencies.

Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.

Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women. American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early twentieth-century, United States. However, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.

36. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was ______.

A) the growing number of schools in frontier communities

B) an increase in the number of trained teachers

C) the expanding economic problems of schools

D) the increased urbanization of the entire country

In the USA children start school when they are five years old． In some states they must stay in school (11) they are sixteen． Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they (12) school． There are two kinds of schools in the United States: public schools and pri-cate(私立)schools．(13)children go to public schools． Their parents do not have to(14)

their education because the schools (15) money from the government． If a child goes to a private school，his parents have to get enough money for his schooling ． Some parents still (16) private schools，though they are much more expensive．

Today about half of the high school students(17) unwersities after they finish the secondary school． A student at a state university does not have to pay very much if his parents (18 in that state． But many students(19) while they are studying at universities．In this way they (20)good working habits and live by their own hands．

( )11．

A．and

B．though

C．until

D．since