共用题干 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart AttackGerman researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone ar

题目
共用题干
Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3___by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at risk are pa- tients who have___4___suffered a heart attack,and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___ 5___ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automat-ically by intervening within seconds. These devices___6___ a range of functions,such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator ___7___of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8___blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data___9___.
The overwhelming___10___of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only ___11___ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are,however,making use___12___ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,”
Hagen Knaf says,“___ 13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and indi- vidual variations in patients taken into account.”An old study of ECG data,based___14___ 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show___15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.

8._________
A: chronic
B: acute
C: recurrent
D: persistent
相似考题

1.请阅读Passage 1，完成题： Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages--clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be revived. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final. Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body's metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death. To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from its body. The monkey's blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped; clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes the monkey's heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous breathing began,and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.One possible benefit of the experiment discussed in the passage is__________. 查看材料 A．less crowded cities B．victory over death C．protection against fatal injury D．fewer deaths from heart attacks

2.共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women. Paragraph 3 ________A:More Questions to Be AskedB:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNPC:Development of a Simple But Important TestD:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart DiscaseE: How to Control the Levels of NT- proBNPF: Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease

3.共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.According to some researchers,by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people mayknow ________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too

4.共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP_________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too

更多“共用题干 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart AttackGerman researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone ar”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    共用题干
    Chest Compressions:Most Important of CPR
    Cardiopulmonary resuscitation,or CPR,can save the life of someone whose heart has stopped.The condition is called cardiac arrest.The heart stops pumping blood.The person stops breathing.Without lifesaving measures,the brain starts to die within four to six minutes.CPR combines breathing into the victim's mouth and repeated presses on the chest.______(46)
    However,a new Japanese study questions the usefulness of mouth-to-mouth breathing.The study was published in the British medical magazine,The Lancet.Doctors in Tokyo led the research.It examined more than four thousand people who had suffered cardiac arrest.In all the cases,witnesses saw the event happen.
    More than one thousand of the victims received some kind of medical assistance from witnesses.Seven hundred and twelve received CPR.Four hundred and thirty-nine received chest presses only.______(47) The researchers say any kind of CPR improved chances of the patient's survival.But,they said those people treated with only chest presses suffered less brain damage.Twenty-two percent survived with good brain ability.______(48)
    The American Heart Association changed its guidelines for CPR chest presses in 2005.______(49) Gordon Ewy is a heart doctor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson.He wrote a report that appeared with the study.Doctor Ewy thinks the CPR guidelines should be changed again.He said the heart association should remove rescue breaths from the guidelines.He argues that more witnesses to cardiac arrests would provide treatment if rescue breaths are not a part of CPR.He says this would save lives.
    ______(50) Cardiac arrest kills more than 300,000 people in the United States every year.The American Heart Association says about ninety-five percent of victims die before they get to a medical center.

    ______(58)
    A:So far,we have not known exactly yet whether mouth-to-mouth breathing is really useless in CPR.
    B:Only ten percent of the victims treated with traditional CPR survived with good brain ability.
    C:CPR keeps blood and oxygen flowing to the heart and brain.
    D:His studies show that many people do not want to perform mouth-to-mouth breathing on a stranger for fear of getting a disease.
    E:It said people should increase the number of chest presses from fifteen to thirty for every two breaths given.
    F:No mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths were given to them.

    答案：B
    解析：
    本空白处的前一句介绍了CPR的具体原理，而六个选项中，C项也为对CPR原理的介绍，因此放在一起是恰当的。
    本空白处的前一句提到了“439位病人仅仅接受了胸部按压”，而第一段说过，"CPR包括胸部按压和口对口呼吸”。可见F项的“没对他们做口对口呼吸的急救措施”是补充说明前一句的。
    本空白处的前面两句提到，只用胸部按压抢救过来的人大脑受损比较轻，存活下来的人中有22%大脑功能良好，接下来这一句肯定是要与传统的两种方法结合的抢救模式作对比，选项B正好是这样的内容。
    本空白处的前一句提到美国心脏协会于2005年修改了CPR中胸部按压的指导准则，空白处的后面又没有提到如何修改，选项E正好填补了这个内容。选项E中的主语It代指 American Heart Association。
    这一段都是在叙述心脏疾病医生Gordon Ewy的观点，在其他选项中都没有提到他，选项D实际上已经为我们提供了答题的线索，内容也能与前面衔接。

  • 第2题：

    共用题干
    Napping to a Healthier Heart?
    1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
    4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
    5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
    6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

    Paragraph 5______
    A:More Questions to Be Asked
    B:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNP
    C:Development of a Simple But Important Test
    D:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart Disease
    E:How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNP
    F:Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease

    答案：D
    解析：
    第二段主要介绍了加利福尼亚大学一个团队所进行的研究。通过检查心脏病人的NT-proBNP水平，发现水平最高的病人与水平最低的病人之间患心脏病的可能性相差近8倍。
    第三段说到，研究涉及的多是男性，并发现年老且患有糖尿病或高血压者NT-proBNP的水平最高。
    由第四段的内容可知，其他研究者认为还要确认一些问题，如心脏病病人的蛋白质水平是否影响其治疗；他们还想知道更多的积极治疗能否减少病人得心脏病或中风的机会。
    第五段说到，地中海国家的成年人普遍都午睡，而且患心脏病的几率较低。哈佛大学和雅典大学的研究证明，每周午睡三次，每次30分钟的人比完全不午睡的人死于心脏病的几率低37%。
    由第一段最后两句可知，研究人员检测血液中蛋白质的水平，他们称血液中这种蛋白质水平高的人得心脏病或中风的几率高，故选B。
    由第三段第一句可知，血液中含有高浓度的该种蛋白质证明心肌受到了压迫。
    由文章第五段的内容可知，定期午睡的人患心脏病的几率更低。
    由第三段第二句和文章的最后一句可知，研究对象多为男性，并且由于在调查期间女性研究对象死亡的并不多，所以无法判断午睡对女性的影响。

  • 第3题：

    Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages--clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be revived. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final.
    Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body's metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.
    To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from its body. The monkey's blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped; clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes the monkey's heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.
    One possible benefit of the experiment discussed in the passage is _______

    A.less crowded cities
    B.victory over death
    C.protection against fatal injury
    D.fewer deaths from heart attacks

    答案：D
    解析：
    在该实验中，科学家使母猴麻醉入睡，在它身旁放满冰袋。当它体温达到28度时开始抽血．母猴血压下降．6时后心跳和呼吸停止，进入临床死亡状态。20分钟后它体温降到22度，科学家向心脏的方向给它输血并进行人工呼吸。过了2分钟，母猴心脏开始跳动；又过了15分钟，呼吸启动；4小时后睁眼抬头：6小时后科学家给它注射青霉素，它就开始活蹦乱跳了。这个实验表明，冷冻法延长临床死亡的好处之一就是可以减少心脏病突发引起的死亡。

  • 第4题：

    共用题干
    Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

    German researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators（除颤器）and early-warning
    software aimed at offering heart patients greater________ (51)from sudden death from cardiac arrest（心脏
    停搏）.
    In Germany alone,around 100,000 people die annually________(52)a result of cardiac arrest and
    many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart's rhythm.Those most at________(53)are pa-
    tients who have already suffered a heart attack,and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in
    ________(54)life-threatening disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening
    within seconds.These devices________(55)on a range of functions,such as that of pacemaker（起
    搏器）.
    Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted
    defibrillator________(56 ) of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram ( EGG，心电图）within the body.
    This integrated system allows _________( 57 ) diagnosis of severe blood-flow problems and a pending（即将发
    生的）heart attack. It will be implanted in _________( 58 ) for the first time this year. Meanwhile , research-
    ers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer soft-
    ware that________(59)the evaluation of EGG data more precise.
    The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this
    ________(60)undergo regular EGGs."Many of the current programs only take into________(61)a line-
    ar correlation of the data. We are,however,making use in a non-linear process________(62)reveals the
    chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,"Hagen Knaf says,"In this way changes in
    the heart________(63)over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into ac-
    count."An old study of EGG data,based upon 600 patients who had________(64)a subsequent heart
    attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the________
    (65)considerably better.

    _________(61)
    A:account
    B:trouble
    C:confusion
    D:effort

    答案：A
    解析：
    Protection from意思是“保护……免受（伤害）"，符合句意。service服务，服侍；discount 折扣，打折；advice建议，忠告。
    as a result of意思是“作为……的结果”，符合句意。
    考查与at搭配的介词短语。at risk意思是“有危险”，符合句意。at last最后，最终；at all用于否定句，表示“根本，究竟”;at once马上，立刻。
    该句是由and连接的并列句，由and后面的correcting可知空格处要填动词的-ing形式。 diagnose意思是“诊断”，符合句意。lead领导；cause产生，导致；repeat重复，反复。
    take on表示“承担”，符合句意。put on穿上，上演；go on继续；keep on继续，穿着……不脱。
    Capable of doing sth．意思是“有能力做某事”，符合句意。其他三个选项后面都不能跟动词-ing形式。worthy of值得，配得上；full of装满；Proud of为……而感到骄傲。
    early意思是“早期的，初期的”，符合句意。该句意思是：这一相互协调的系统可以对严重的血液流通问题和即将发生的心脏病做早期诊断。
    文章讲的对象一直是病人，根据句意被植入除颤器的对象一定是Patients（病人）。
    该句意思是：研究者研发了一种新的电脑软件可以使心电图数据评估更精确。make有“使，让”的意思，符合句意。
    for this reason意思是“为此，由于这个原因”，符合句意。purpose 目的，用途；treatment治疗，疗法；处理，对待；chance机会，机遇。
    take into account固定搭配，意思是“把……考虑在内，重视”，符合句意。
    这里需要一个引导词来引导宾语从句，只有that符合。
    heart beats意思是“心脏跳动”，前面一句已经提到。
    suffer意思是“遭受，忍受”，符合句意。launch发射（导弹、火箭等）；发起，发动；avoid避免；start开始。
    第59题讲过新的计算机软件系统能更好地评估心电图数据（data)，故选D。

  • 第5题：

    共用题干
    Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart
    According to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the
    hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine
    examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.
    They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then
    compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the
    stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The
    patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运）
    more blood than the others.
    According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could
    revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a
    benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the
    failing heart work better．
    All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The
    scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart
    performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心
    室）.
    Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction of
    under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the
    patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the
    damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those
    who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.
    No side effects were reported.
    Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000
    people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart
    failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.
    Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs
    the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.

    The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案：B
    解析：

  • 第6题：

    Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack【科学家探索发现心脏病的方法】
    　　German researchers have __ 1 __ a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection __ 2 __ sudden death from cardiac arrest.
    　　In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases __ 3 __ by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have __ 4 __ suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing __ 5 __ disruption to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices __ 6__ a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.
    　　Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator __ 7 __ of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG. within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of __ 8__ blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data __ 9 __ .
    　　The overwhelming __ 10 __ of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. “Many of the current programs only __ 11__ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use __ 12__ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “__ 13 __ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based __ 14__ 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show __ 15 __ the new software evaluates the data considerably better.
    文章(6~20)

    A come up B come up with C come up to D come up against


    答案：B
    解析：

  • 第7题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Human Heart can Make New Cells

    Solving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to
    generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows
    with age.
    The finding,published in the April 3rd issue of Science,could open a new path for the treatment of heart
    diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say.
    "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）,are renewed," said lead
    researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen,a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm,
    Sweden."It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we were born with
    or whether they could be renewed,"he said.
    "The process of renewing these cells changes over time,"Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,about 1
    percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year , but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only
    0.45 percent by age 75.
    "If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially
    possible to develop pharmaceuticals（药物）that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after , for
    example,a heart attack,"Frisen said.
    That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
    "A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,."noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj,also from the
    Karolinska Institute."Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
    "With this finding,scientists are opening the door to potential therapies（疗法）,to having ourselves heal
    ourselves,"Bhardwaj said."Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells
    make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."
    But barriers remain.According to Bhardwaj,scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell
    production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,especially in older patients with
    heart failure.In addition,the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts一
    whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.

    The human heart stops producing cardiac cells ______.
    A:when a person becomes old
    B:as soon as a person gets sick
    C:immediately after a person is born
    D:once a person dies

    答案：D
    解析：
    根据第一段中“…the human heart continues to generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span”可知，在人的整个生命进程中，其心脏持续产生新的心肌细胞。言外之 意，这个过程直到生命结束才会停止。
    根据第二段中“The finding...could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases”可 知，这个研究成果将为心脏病的治疗开辟新的途径。因此C项符合题意。
    根据第四段中“…but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75”可知，C项符合题意。
    根据倒数第三段中“Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying”可知，慢性心力衰 竭是由心肌细胞死亡导致的。因此A项符合题意。
    最后一句的大意是：另外，心脏产生的新细胞的数量是按照健康心脏估算的，而患病心脏的细胞更替率是否与健康心脏相同还不得而知。因此C项符合题意。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了远古冰人尸体的发现及对其的相关研究情况。

  • 第8题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Human Heart can Make New Cells

    Solving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to
    generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows
    with age.
    The finding,published in the April 3rd issue of Science,could open a new path for the treatment of heart
    diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say.
    "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）,are renewed," said lead
    researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen,a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm,
    Sweden."It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we were born with
    or whether they could be renewed,"he said.
    "The process of renewing these cells changes over time,"Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,about 1
    percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year , but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only
    0.45 percent by age 75.
    "If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially
    possible to develop pharmaceuticals（药物）that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after , for
    example,a heart attack,"Frisen said.
    That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
    "A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,."noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj,also from the
    Karolinska Institute."Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
    "With this finding,scientists are opening the door to potential therapies（疗法）,to having ourselves heal
    ourselves,"Bhardwaj said."Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells
    make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."
    But barriers remain.According to Bhardwaj,scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell
    production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,especially in older patients with
    heart failure.In addition,the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts一
    whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.

    It is not known yet if the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts_________.
    A:is high enough to replace cells faster than they're dying off
    B:is of any use to researchers
    C:is the same as that in healthy hearts
    D:changes over time

    答案：C
    解析：
    根据第一段中“…the human heart continues to generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span”可知，在人的整个生命进程中，其心脏持续产生新的心肌细胞。言外之 意，这个过程直到生命结束才会停止。
    根据第二段中“The finding...could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases”可 知，这个研究成果将为心脏病的治疗开辟新的途径。因此C项符合题意。
    根据第四段中“…but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75”可知，C项符合题意。
    根据倒数第三段中“Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying”可知，慢性心力衰 竭是由心肌细胞死亡导致的。因此A项符合题意。
    最后一句的大意是：另外，心脏产生的新细胞的数量是按照健康心脏估算的，而患病心脏的细胞更替率是否与健康心脏相同还不得而知。因此C项符合题意。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了远古冰人尸体的发现及对其的相关研究情况。

  • 第9题：

    共用题干
    Napping to a Healthier Heart?
    1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
    4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
    5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
    6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

    According to some researchers,by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know______.
    A:where fewer people die from heart problem
    B:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke
    C:would probably have lower rates of heart disease
    D:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself
    E:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way
    F:that napping is of great benefit to women too

    答案：B
    解析：
    第二段主要介绍了加利福尼亚大学一个团队所进行的研究。通过检查心脏病人的NT-proBNP水平，发现水平最高的病人与水平最低的病人之间患心脏病的可能性相差近8倍。
    第三段说到，研究涉及的多是男性，并发现年老且患有糖尿病或高血压者NT-proBNP的水平最高。
    由第四段的内容可知，其他研究者认为还要确认一些问题，如心脏病病人的蛋白质水平是否影响其治疗；他们还想知道更多的积极治疗能否减少病人得心脏病或中风的机会。
    第五段说到，地中海国家的成年人普遍都午睡，而且患心脏病的几率较低。哈佛大学和雅典大学的研究证明，每周午睡三次，每次30分钟的人比完全不午睡的人死于心脏病的几率低37%。
    由第一段最后两句可知，研究人员检测血液中蛋白质的水平，他们称血液中这种蛋白质水平高的人得心脏病或中风的几率高，故选B。
    由第三段第一句可知，血液中含有高浓度的该种蛋白质证明心肌受到了压迫。
    由文章第五段的内容可知，定期午睡的人患心脏病的几率更低。
    由第三段第二句和文章的最后一句可知，研究对象多为男性，并且由于在调查期间女性研究对象死亡的并不多，所以无法判断午睡对女性的影响。

  • 第10题：

    共用题干
    Napping to a Healthier Heart?
    1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
    4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
    5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
    6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

    If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP______.
    A:where fewer people die from heart problem
    B:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke
    C:would probably have lower rates of heart disease
    D:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself
    E:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way
    F:that napping is of great benefit to women too

    答案：E
    解析：
    第二段主要介绍了加利福尼亚大学一个团队所进行的研究。通过检查心脏病人的NT-proBNP水平，发现水平最高的病人与水平最低的病人之间患心脏病的可能性相差近8倍。
    第三段说到，研究涉及的多是男性，并发现年老且患有糖尿病或高血压者NT-proBNP的水平最高。
    由第四段的内容可知，其他研究者认为还要确认一些问题，如心脏病病人的蛋白质水平是否影响其治疗；他们还想知道更多的积极治疗能否减少病人得心脏病或中风的机会。
    第五段说到，地中海国家的成年人普遍都午睡，而且患心脏病的几率较低。哈佛大学和雅典大学的研究证明，每周午睡三次，每次30分钟的人比完全不午睡的人死于心脏病的几率低37%。
    由第一段最后两句可知，研究人员检测血液中蛋白质的水平，他们称血液中这种蛋白质水平高的人得心脏病或中风的几率高，故选B。
    由第三段第一句可知，血液中含有高浓度的该种蛋白质证明心肌受到了压迫。
    由文章第五段的内容可知，定期午睡的人患心脏病的几率更低。
    由第三段第二句和文章的最后一句可知，研究对象多为男性，并且由于在调查期间女性研究对象死亡的并不多，所以无法判断午睡对女性的影响。

  • 第11题：

    共用题干
    The Death

    Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages一(46)________.Clinical death occurs when the vital organs,such as the heart or lungs,have ceased to function,but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be revived（复活）.Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration（解体）of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final.
    Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that(47) ________.The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism,combined with narcotic（麻醉的）sleep. By slowing down the body's metabolism（新陈代谢）,cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.
    To illustrate how this works,scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta.(48)_________.Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature.When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from its body.The monkey's blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped,clinical death set in.For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state.Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees.At this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing.(49)_______.After fifteen minutes,spontaneous breathing began,and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head.After six hours,when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection,Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room.(50)__________.

    ________（50）
    A:the organism can be revived before biological death occurs
    B:clinical or temporary death and biological death
    C:After two minutes the monkey's heart became active once more
    D:Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal
    E:The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic
    F:Clinical death process should be prolonged

    答案：D
    解析：
    空白前面告诉我们死亡分为两个阶段，并且还有破折号，表示后面是对前面的解释，只有选项B具体解释了其中一个是临床死亡，一个是生物死亡。
    文章在第一段告诉我们临床死亡只是暂时的，生物死亡是永久的。因此我们推断科学家延长临床死亡的时间为的是争取时间拯救患者，不让他生物死亡。因此只有 A项在这里最合适。
    文章前一句讲的是科学家们要用猴子做实验，空白的后面讲的是实验的第二步，因此空白处应该是实验的第一步。由此我们推断实验的第一步是麻醉猴子，因此只有选项E最合适。
    该空白处应当讲的是猴子苏醒的过程，跟此相关的仅有选项C，因此是心跳先恢复，自主呼吸才慢慢恢复。
    文章最后一句应当是总结全文或者是描述猴子恢复神志以后的状态，选项中只有D项的陈述总结了猴子的情况，即它的行为同一只正常的动物相比没什么分别。

  • 第12题：

    共用题干
    Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart
    According to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the
    hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine
    examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.
    They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then
    compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the
    stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The
    patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运）
    more blood than the others.
    According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could
    revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a
    benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the
    failing heart work better．
    All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The
    scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart
    performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心
    室）.
    Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction of
    under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the
    patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the
    damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those
    who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.
    No side effects were reported.
    Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000
    people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart
    failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.
    Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs
    the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.

    Heart failure is more common in the UK than anywhere else in the world.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案：C
    解析：

  • 第13题：

    共用题干
    Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart
    According to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the
    hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine
    examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.
    They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then
    compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the
    stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The
    patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运）
    more blood than the others.
    According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could
    revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a
    benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the
    failing heart work better．
    All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The
    scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart
    performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心
    室）.
    Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction of
    under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the
    patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the
    damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those
    who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.
    No side effects were reported.
    Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000
    people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart
    failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.
    Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs
    the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.

    Stem cell therapy seems to have great prospects.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案：A
    解析：

  • 第14题：

    共用题干
    Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
    German researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.
    In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3___by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at risk are pa- tients who have___4___suffered a heart attack,and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___ 5___ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automat-ically by intervening within seconds. These devices___6___ a range of functions,such as that of pacemaker.
    Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator ___7___of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8___blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data___9___.
    The overwhelming___10___of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only ___11___ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are,however,making use___12___ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,”
    Hagen Knaf says,“___ 13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and indi- vidual variations in patients taken into account.”An old study of ECG data,based___14___ 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show___15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.

    2._________
    A: to
    B: for
    C: with
    D: from

    答案：D
    解析：
    come up with有“引起，产生，发明”的意思，符合上下文的意义。所以答案为B。
    Protection后面跟介词from或against，意为“起保护作用以免于……”，其他介词均不合适。所以答案为D。
    此处的谓语动词必须使用被动语态，因为主语many of those Cases指的是“病人”, “病例”，那就应该是“被引起的”，所以答案为A。
    此处需要填的副词应该表示“已经”，完成时态的谓语已经起了提示作用。所以答案为D。
    从上下文看，只有C项“威胁生命”合适。
    take on表示“承担”，符合上下文意思，其他三个选项分别为“接受，接收 (A项）”,“效仿（B项）”和“消减（D项）”。所以答案为C。
    A和B均有“能够”的意思，但用法不同：capable of(doing)sth./able to do sth.，所以答案为A。
    上下文的意思是“……的血液流通问题和即将发生的心脏病”，后面这一部分为前面这个空格暗示了必须填入B项acute。
    前面谓语动词renders的意思相当于make，后面要接复合宾语，这里缺少一个宾语补足语，因此只有D是答案。
    A和B分别指最大量，最小量或最高值，最低值，而选项C和选项D则指多数和少数，由于前面已有overwhelming（压倒性的）提示，所以只能选C项majority。
    take…into account是固定短语，意为“考虑，重视”。所以答案为B。
    make use of是固定短语，意义为“利用”。所以答案为A。
    四个选项中A和B均是“同样地”,C位于句首对表示“否则的话”，这些与上下文所要表达的意义均不吻合，因为前面并没有提到什么方法可以作比较，因此答案为D 项In the way“用这种方法”。
    base sth.on/upon是固定短语，表示“把……建立在……基础上”，此处用过去分词的短语作为old Study的定语。所以答案为C。
    此处空白需要填上一个能引导宾语从句的连接词，从宾语从句的结构来看，它的句子是完整的，所以只需填that作为连接词就可以了。所以答案为C。

  • 第15题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Human Heart can Make New Cells

    Solving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to
    generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows
    with age.
    The finding,published in the April 3rd issue of Science,could open a new path for the treatment of heart
    diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say.
    "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）,are renewed," said lead
    researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen,a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm,
    Sweden."It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we were born with
    or whether they could be renewed,"he said.
    "The process of renewing these cells changes over time,"Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,about 1
    percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year , but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only
    0.45 percent by age 75.
    "If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially
    possible to develop pharmaceuticals（药物）that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after , for
    example,a heart attack,"Frisen said.
    That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
    "A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,."noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj,also from the
    Karolinska Institute."Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
    "With this finding,scientists are opening the door to potential therapies（疗法）,to having ourselves heal
    ourselves,"Bhardwaj said."Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells
    make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."
    But barriers remain.According to Bhardwaj,scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell
    production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,especially in older patients with
    heart failure.In addition,the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts一
    whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.

    Chronic heart failure is attributed to _________.
    A:the dying heart cells
    B:the effect of pharmaceuticals
    C:the weight of the patient
    D:the life span of a person

    答案：A
    解析：
    根据第一段中“…the human heart continues to generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span”可知，在人的整个生命进程中，其心脏持续产生新的心肌细胞。言外之 意，这个过程直到生命结束才会停止。
    根据第二段中“The finding...could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases”可 知，这个研究成果将为心脏病的治疗开辟新的途径。因此C项符合题意。
    根据第四段中“…but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75”可知，C项符合题意。
    根据倒数第三段中“Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying”可知，慢性心力衰 竭是由心肌细胞死亡导致的。因此A项符合题意。
    最后一句的大意是：另外，心脏产生的新细胞的数量是按照健康心脏估算的，而患病心脏的细胞更替率是否与健康心脏相同还不得而知。因此C项符合题意。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了远古冰人尸体的发现及对其的相关研究情况。

  • 第16题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Human Heart can Make New Cells

    Solving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to
    generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows
    with age.
    The finding,published in the April 3rd issue of Science,could open a new path for the treatment of heart
    diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say.
    "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）,are renewed," said lead
    researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen,a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm,
    Sweden."It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we were born with
    or whether they could be renewed,"he said.
    "The process of renewing these cells changes over time,"Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,about 1
    percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year , but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only
    0.45 percent by age 75.
    "If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially
    possible to develop pharmaceuticals（药物）that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after , for
    example,a heart attack,"Frisen said.
    That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
    "A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,."noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj,also from the
    Karolinska Institute."Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
    "With this finding,scientists are opening the door to potential therapies（疗法）,to having ourselves heal
    ourselves,"Bhardwaj said."Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells
    make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."
    But barriers remain.According to Bhardwaj,scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell
    production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,especially in older patients with
    heart failure.In addition,the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts一
    whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.

    In people in their mid-70s,only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes______.
    A:are still functional
    B:are reduced each year
    C:are replaced each year
    D:are damaged each year

    答案：C
    解析：
    根据第一段中“…the human heart continues to generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span”可知，在人的整个生命进程中，其心脏持续产生新的心肌细胞。言外之 意，这个过程直到生命结束才会停止。
    根据第二段中“The finding...could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases”可 知，这个研究成果将为心脏病的治疗开辟新的途径。因此C项符合题意。
    根据第四段中“…but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75”可知，C项符合题意。
    根据倒数第三段中“Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying”可知，慢性心力衰 竭是由心肌细胞死亡导致的。因此A项符合题意。
    最后一句的大意是：另外，心脏产生的新细胞的数量是按照健康心脏估算的，而患病心脏的细胞更替率是否与健康心脏相同还不得而知。因此C项符合题意。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了远古冰人尸体的发现及对其的相关研究情况。

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