共用题干 GarlicFrom early times man has used garlic（大蒜）.The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites （古以色列人）were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks（韭菜）,onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, love

共用题干
Early or Later Day Care The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental sepa-ration it entails,and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant a-lone—far from it .Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread to-day if parents,care—takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicat-ed and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possi- bility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut,though experience and available evi- dence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

Which of the following best expresses the writer's attitude towards early day care?
A: The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.
B:The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.
C: Early day care has positive effects on children's development.
D: Children under three should stay with their parents.

共用题干
Early or Later Day Care The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental sepa-ration it entails,and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant a-lone—far from it .Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread to-day if parents,care—takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicat-ed and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possi- bility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut,though experience and available evi- dence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?
A: Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.
B: A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.
C: Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.
D: Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.

There were many different cultures in the ancient world,but the two that had the most influence?on European and American civilizations were the Greek and the Roman．Often these two eultures are?lumped together in our minds,as if they were really exactly alike．But that is not the case．In many?ways the Greeks and the Romans could not have been more different．
The Greeks were truly democratic,often without a single leader but instead governed by a group?of men chosen by the people．The Romans were semi-democratic．They had a governing Senate,but?the political power was mostly or completely in the hands of a single emperor．
Both cultures were great builders．But the construction interests of the two cultures were also?different．The Greeks tended to be more artistic．Their buildings were well constructed and they were?especially interested in temples,columns,and decorative forms．The Romans,on the other hand,were more engineers than artists．They concentrated their efforts on urban planning,well-functioning?water pipes,and the best roads．
Only in cooking and eating habits are the two cultures really similar．Both peoples ate very well?indeed:lots of fish,fresh vegetables and fruits,healthy meals,holding at the same time long?discussions and tasting excellent wines．
In fact,it would probably be fair to say that they both loved life in their warm,
sea-oriented?climates,and they both lived a full life．

Which of the following is TRUE?

A.The Romans had more political awareness．
B.The Romans had less political freedom and democracy．
C.The Romans had more freedom to choose their leader．
D.The Romans had fewer people elected into the government．

共用题干
Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowiby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment"period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails,and many people do believe this.But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it.Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents,care-takers found children had problems with it.Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development.But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possibility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby's theory?
A:Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development.
B:The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.
C:The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies.
D:Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.

共用题干
Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowiby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment"period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails,and many people do believe this.But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it.Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents,care-takers found children had problems with it.Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development.But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possibility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

Which of the following statements would Bowiby support?
A:Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive.effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.
B:Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C:The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.
D:Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.

共用题干
Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect

Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they
may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.
The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation(SDWF)has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-
nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalizations（发声）collected on a computer in a cow shed near the
River Shannon.
As part of a research project,student Ronan Hickey digitized and analyzed a total of 1,882 whistles from
the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated theni into six fundamental
whistle types and 32 different categories.Of the categories,he found most were used by both sets of dol-
phins一but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.
"We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with
behavior like foraging（觅食）,resting, socializing and the communications of grown.ups with calves (幼
仔）,"project leader Simon Berrow said.“Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words
they use or sounds they mnake."
Berrow,a marine biologist,said the dolphins'clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey.
The whistles are communications."They do a whole range 0f other sounds like barks．groans and a kind of
gunshot," he said. "The gunshot is an intense pulse（脉冲）of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun（击昏）
their prey.”
"When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the onlyh species who used it. We
can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales,"Berrow said.
References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and
they may even have been residents there as far back as the 6th century.
They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25.000 tourists every year
take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.

As early as the 6th century,Irish fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect

Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they
may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.
The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation(SDWF)has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-
nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalizations（发声）collected on a computer in a cow shed near the
River Shannon.
As part of a research project,student Ronan Hickey digitized and analyzed a total of 1,882 whistles from
the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated theni into six fundamental
whistle types and 32 different categories.Of the categories,he found most were used by both sets of dol-
phins一but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.
"We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with
behavior like foraging（觅食）,resting, socializing and the communications of grown.ups with calves (幼
仔）,"project leader Simon Berrow said.“Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words
they use or sounds they mnake."
Berrow,a marine biologist,said the dolphins'clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey.
The whistles are communications."They do a whole range 0f other sounds like barks．groans and a kind of
gunshot," he said. "The gunshot is an intense pulse（脉冲）of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun（击昏）
their prey.”
"When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the onlyh species who used it. We
can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales,"Berrow said.
References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and
they may even have been residents there as far back as the 6th century.
They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25.000 tourists every year
take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.

Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people come to see them every year.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Early Ideas about the Universe

1 Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do.He
observed carefully,and learned many things about the sun,the moon,and the stars.
2 Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did.You might
go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east.Even on cloudy mornings,you
would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light.You might not see
the sun but would be sure it is there,because you notice that the earth warms up.As you
continued,the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the
sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.
3 After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods.Many plants begin
to die.Leaves fall.Winter comes.Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell
exactly why it happens.But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference.
Primitive（原始的）man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may
seem silly to us now to worship（崇拜）a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the
importance of the sun to life on earth.
4 You have been told that the world is round.But suppose no one had ever taught you
that the world was like a huge ball.Would you have ever thought of it yourself?You cannot
see the curve（曲线）of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was.
That's why early man believed that the earth was small and flat.Such ideas appeared from
the evidence they had.
5 If you watch the stars night after night,you will see them rise and set.As you look at
the sky,it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling
（闪烁）lights. Some early astronomers（天文学家）believed the sky was a crystal shell or
series of crystal shells,one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the
night sky looked like.For many centuries,men believed that the earth was the center of
the universe and that the sun,the moon,and the stars circled around it.

Early astronomers believed that the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells because_________.
A:he did not observe the sun carefully enough
B:he could not see its curve
C:the sun,the moon and the stars seemed to move around it
D:the earth circles around the sun
E:it looked like that at night
F:it has power over life on earth

共用题干
Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect

Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they
may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.
The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation(SDWF)has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-
nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalizations（发声）collected on a computer in a cow shed near the
River Shannon.
As part of a research project,student Ronan Hickey digitized and analyzed a total of 1,882 whistles from
the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated theni into six fundamental
whistle types and 32 different categories.Of the categories,he found most were used by both sets of dol-
phins一but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.
"We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with
behavior like foraging（觅食）,resting, socializing and the communications of grown.ups with calves (幼
仔）,"project leader Simon Berrow said.“Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words
they use or sounds they mnake."
Berrow,a marine biologist,said the dolphins'clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey.
The whistles are communications."They do a whole range 0f other sounds like barks．groans and a kind of
gunshot," he said. "The gunshot is an intense pulse（脉冲）of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun（击昏）
their prey.”
"When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the onlyh species who used it. We
can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales,"Berrow said.
References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and
they may even have been residents there as far back as the 6th century.
They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25.000 tourists every year
take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.

According to Simon Berrow they are building up a dictionary of words dolphins use or sounds they make.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Early or Later Day Care The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental sepa-ration it entails,and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant a-lone—far from it .Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread to-day if parents,care—takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicat-ed and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possi- bility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut,though experience and available evi- dence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A: Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children o-ver three.
B: The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of per-sonality.
C: Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
D: Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for chil- dren at the age of three or older.

共用题干
Early or Later Day Care The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental sepa-ration it entails,and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant a-lone—far from it .Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread to-day if parents,care—takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicat-ed and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possi- bility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut,though experience and available evi- dence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby's theory?
A: Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development.
B:The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.
C:The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies.
D: Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.

共用题干
Garlic

From early times man has used garlic（大蒜）.The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites
（古以色列人）were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the
foods they loved: leeks（韭菜）,onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites,
loved to eat garlic.And they hung bags of garlic around their necks.________(1)
They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.
A similar idea is still held.Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure
disease.Most doctors say it does no such thing.________(2)Its smell may force
people to stay far apart.At least then they can't pass germs on to each other.
_________(3)What if you're in a play,for instance?Actors have been known to
forget their lines because they couldn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath.
Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.
Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic._________(4)
We now know why.It's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth,
tongue,or gums（牙眼）.They go into the lungs instead.From there they are breathed
out.They pass out through the skin too.
Strange as it seems,food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or
tasting strong.It all depends on how it is cooked.French cooks make a good soup with
whole cloves（瓣）of garlic.They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup.But
they take care not to crush them.And they cook them whole._________(5)And as
the cloves cook they change in some strange way.The soup turns out to be delicious.It's
not strong at all.

_________（2）
A:But no medicine,mouthwash,chewing gum,or toothpaste seems to help much.
B:As a result,the strong oils stay in the cloves.
C:They say it may help in one way,though.
D:Many people eat garlic.
E:But keeping your distance can be hard at times.
F:They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.

共用题干
Garlic

From early times man has used garlic（大蒜）.The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites（古以色列人）were once far from home. They cried out to Moses , their leader , for the foods they loved : leeks （韭菜）,onions,and garlic. The Romans,like the Israelites,loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks.________(46)They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.
A similar idea is still held.Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing.________(47)Its smell may force people to stay far apart. At least then they can't pass germs on to each other.________(48)What if you're in a play,for instance?Actors have been known to forget their lines because they couldn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath.Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.
Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic.________(49)We now know why.It's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth,tongue,or gums（齿跟）. They go into the lungs instead.From there they are breathed out.They pass out through the skin too.
Strange as it seems,food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tasting strong. It all depends on how it is cooked.French cooks make a good soup with whole cloves（瓣）of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup.But they take care not to crush them.And they cook them whole.________(50)And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way.The soup turns out to be delicious.It's not strong at all.

_________（50）
A:But no medicine,mouthwash,chewing gum,or toothpaste seems to help much.
B:As a result,the strong oils stay in the cloves.
C:They say it may help in one way,though.
D:Many people eat garlic.
E:But keeping your distance can be hard at times.
F:They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.

共用题干
Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowiby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment"period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails,and many people do believe this.But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it.Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents,care-takers found children had problems with it.Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development.But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possibility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

Which of the following best expresses the writer's attitude towards early day care?
A:Children under three should stay with their parents.
B:Early day care has positive effects on children's development.
C:The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.
D:The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.

共用题干
Early Ideas about the Universe

1 Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do.He
observed carefully,and learned many things about the sun,the moon,and the stars.
2 Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did.You might
go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east.Even on cloudy mornings,you
would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light.You might not see
the sun but would be sure it is there,because you notice that the earth warms up.As you
continued,the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the
sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.
3 After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods.Many plants begin
to die.Leaves fall.Winter comes.Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell
exactly why it happens.But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference.
Primitive（原始的）man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may
seem silly to us now to worship（崇拜）a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the
importance of the sun to life on earth.
4 You have been told that the world is round.But suppose no one had ever taught you
that the world was like a huge ball.Would you have ever thought of it yourself?You cannot
see the curve（曲线）of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was.
That's why early man believed that the earth was small and flat.Such ideas appeared from
the evidence they had.
5 If you watch the stars night after night,you will see them rise and set.As you look at
the sky,it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling
（闪烁）lights. Some early astronomers（天文学家）believed the sky was a crystal shell or
series of crystal shells,one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the
night sky looked like.For many centuries,men believed that the earth was the center of
the universe and that the sun,the moon,and the stars circled around it.

Early man thought the earth was small and flat because_________.
A:he did not observe the sun carefully enough
B:he could not see its curve
C:the sun,the moon and the stars seemed to move around it
D:the earth circles around the sun
E:it looked like that at night
F:it has power over life on earth

共用题干
Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect

Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they
may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.
The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation(SDWF)has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-
nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalizations（发声）collected on a computer in a cow shed near the
River Shannon.
As part of a research project,student Ronan Hickey digitized and analyzed a total of 1,882 whistles from
the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated theni into six fundamental
whistle types and 32 different categories.Of the categories,he found most were used by both sets of dol-
phins一but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.
"We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with
behavior like foraging（觅食）,resting, socializing and the communications of grown.ups with calves (幼
仔）,"project leader Simon Berrow said.“Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words
they use or sounds they mnake."
Berrow,a marine biologist,said the dolphins'clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey.
The whistles are communications."They do a whole range 0f other sounds like barks．groans and a kind of
gunshot," he said. "The gunshot is an intense pulse（脉冲）of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun（击昏）
their prey.”
"When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the onlyh species who used it. We
can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales,"Berrow said.
References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and
they may even have been residents there as far back as the 6th century.
They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25.000 tourists every year
take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.

Sperm whales were the only species that can use pulses of sound to stun their prey.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Early Ideas about the Universe

1 Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do.He
observed carefully,and learned many things about the sun,the moon,and the stars.
2 Suppose you were asked to collect evidence about the sun as early man did.You might
go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east.Even on cloudy mornings,you
would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light.You might not see
the sun but would be sure it is there,because you notice that the earth warms up.As you
continued,the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the
sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer.
3 After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods.Many plants begin
to die.Leaves fall.Winter comes.Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell
exactly why it happens.But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference.
Primitive（原始的）man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may
seem silly to us now to worship（崇拜）a sun-god, but primitive man was right about the
importance of the sun to life on earth.
4 You have been told that the world is round.But suppose no one had ever taught you
that the world was like a huge ball.Would you have ever thought of it yourself?You cannot
see the curve（曲线）of the earth at once. You would have no idea of how big it was.
That's why early man believed that the earth was small and flat.Such ideas appeared from
the evidence they had.
5 If you watch the stars night after night,you will see them rise and set.As you look at
the sky,it is not difficult to imagine that you are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling
（闪烁）lights. Some early astronomers（天文学家）believed the sky was a crystal shell or
series of crystal shells,one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the
night sky looked like.For many centuries,men believed that the earth was the center of
the universe and that the sun,the moon,and the stars circled around it.

Primitive man believed the sun was a god because_________.
A:he did not observe the sun carefully enough
B:he could not see its curve
C:the sun,the moon and the stars seemed to move around it
D:the earth circles around the sun
E:it looked like that at night
F:it has power over life on earth

共用题干
Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect

Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they
may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.
The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation(SDWF)has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-
nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalizations（发声）collected on a computer in a cow shed near the
River Shannon.
As part of a research project,student Ronan Hickey digitized and analyzed a total of 1,882 whistles from
the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated theni into six fundamental
whistle types and 32 different categories.Of the categories,he found most were used by both sets of dol-
phins一but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.
"We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with
behavior like foraging（觅食）,resting, socializing and the communications of grown.ups with calves (幼
仔）,"project leader Simon Berrow said.“Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words
they use or sounds they mnake."
Berrow,a marine biologist,said the dolphins'clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey.
The whistles are communications."They do a whole range 0f other sounds like barks．groans and a kind of
gunshot," he said. "The gunshot is an intense pulse（脉冲）of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun（击昏）
their prey.”
"When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the onlyh species who used it. We
can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales,"Berrow said.
References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and
they may even have been residents there as far back as the 6th century.
They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25.000 tourists every year
take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.

Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned