For urban areas this approach was wholly inadequate.A:really B:basically C:fundamentally D:completely

When a reader tries to guess the meaning of a new word based on the contextual clue,which one of the following approaches is he using?

A.Bottom-up approach．
B.Top-down approach．
C.Interactive approach．
D.Situational approach．

根据下面资料，回答
Today, people all over the world are moving out of small villages in the country to go and live in big, noisy cities. They are moving from the peaceful hills, mountains, fields, rivers and streams of the countryside to the busy world of streets, buildings, traffic and crowds. This movement from rural areas to urban areas has been going on for over two hundred years.
In many countries, the main reason why people come to live in towns and cities is work. After one or two large factories have been built in or near a town, people come to find work, and soon an industrial area begins to grow. There is usually a residential area nearby, where the factory workers can live. The families of these workers need schools, hospitals and shops, so more people come to live in the area to provide these services and a city grows.
In every major city in the world, there is a business district where the big companies have their main offices. In the United States, this area is usually in the city centre. It is here that you can see the huge skyscraper office blocks. The people who work here often travel a long way to work each day. Many of them live in the suburbs of the city, far away from the industrial area and the city centre. Some suburbs are very pleasant, with nice houses and big gardens. There are usually parks for children to play in and large department stores where you can buy all you need.
But what is the future of the big cities? Will they continue to get bigger? Perhaps not. Some major cities have actually become smaller in the last ten years, and it is quite possible that one day we will see people moving out of the major cities and back into smaller towns and villages.
We can easily know that the underlined phrase "urban areas" in the first paragraph means_____________.

A.areas of the countryside
B.areas of a town or city
C.areas near the countryside
D.areas near a town or city

资料：Are walkers smarter than drivers?
A report published last month says metropolitan areas in the United States that were found to be more pedestrian-friendly also often had higher levels of GDP -and their citizens were better educated.
The study was conducted by Smart Growth America, an urban advocacy group based in the District of Columbia. It looked at the 30 biggest metro zones in the US, and ranked them by how much office, retail, and residential area was conducive to walking.
The question is, why? Do brainier people just like to walk and not drive? It's a complicated answer. What we don't know is whether walkable places attract educated people, or whether educated people move to certain places that then become more walkable.
That's not all: Education levels aren't just higher in walkable cities. GDP is, too. The gap between the highest and lowest urban metros by GDP in the study is a chasm of 49%, which scholar calls a "first and second world gap. This is serious stuff."
Of course, correlation doesn't equal causation. There's not enough data to definitively say why these urban areas are filled with educated people. But it's definitely a starting point for conversation: Many socioeconomic and generational trends the world over could help explain why university graduates gravitate toward crowded, subway-lined metropolises these days. In fact, such an intellectual influx has started to change the entire faces of some urban areas.
Increased urbanization isn't the only reason car-eschewing cities see smarter citizens. Young people play a role, too. Millennials-those born between around 1981 and 1996-are the most educated generation in history. Nearly half of them hold a bachelor's degree or higher. They're also all moving to cities, unlike their parents. These spikes in the workforce translate into metros with higher GDP and higher overall education levels.

What can be the possible explanation according to the study?

A.Urbanization
B.Young people
C.Both
D.Unknown

资料：Are walkers smarter than drivers?
A report published last month says metropolitan areas in the United States that were found to be more pedestrian-friendly also often had higher levels of GDP -and their citizens were better educated.
The study was conducted by Smart Growth America, an urban advocacy group based in the District of Columbia. It looked at the 30 biggest metro zones in the US, and ranked them by how much office, retail, and residential area was conducive to walking.
The question is, why? Do brainier people just like to walk and not drive? It's a complicated answer. What we don't know is whether walkable places attract educated people, or whether educated people move to certain places that then become more walkable.
That's not all: Education levels aren't just higher in walkable cities. GDP is, too. The gap between the highest and lowest urban metros by GDP in the study is a chasm of 49%, which scholar calls a "first and second world gap. This is serious stuff."
Of course, correlation doesn't equal causation. There's not enough data to definitively say why these urban areas are filled with educated people. But it's definitely a starting point for conversation: Many socioeconomic and generational trends the world over could help explain why university graduates gravitate toward crowded, subway-lined metropolises these days. In fact, such an intellectual influx has started to change the entire faces of some urban areas.
Increased urbanization isn't the only reason car-eschewing cities see smarter citizens. Young people play a role, too. Millennials-those born between around 1981 and 1996-are the most educated generation in history. Nearly half of them hold a bachelor's degree or higher. They're also all moving to cities, unlike their parents. These spikes in the workforce translate into metros with higher GDP and higher overall education levels.

What's the article mainly about?

A.Different choices of transportation
B.Increased urbanization
C.The correlation between education levels and GDP
D.A study conducted by an urban advocacy group

共用题干
第二篇

“New Towns" Plans

The plan of building"New Towns"to absorb growth is frequently considered a cure-all for urban problems. It is erroneously（错误地）assumed that if new residents can be diverted from existing centers,the present urban situation at least will get no worse.It is further and equally erroneously assumed that since European New Towns have been financially and socially successful,we can expect the same sorts of resorts in the United States.
Present planning,thinking,and legislation will not produce the kinds of New Town that have been successful abroad.It will multiply suburbs or encourage development in areas where land is cheap and construction profitable rather than where New Towns are genuinely needed.
Such ill-considered projects not only will fail to relieve pressures on existing cities but will,in fact,tend to weaken those cities further by drawing away high-income citizens and increasing the concentration of low-income groups that are unable to provide tax income.The remaining taxpayers, accordingly,will face increasing burdens,and industry and commerce will seek escape. Unfortunately,this mechanism is already at work in some metropolitan areas.
The promoters of New Towns so far in the United States have been developers,builders,and financial institutions.The main interest of these promoters is economic gain.Furthermore,federal regulations designed to promote the New Town idea do not consider social needs as the European New Town plans do.In fact,our regulations specify virtually all the ingredients of the typical suburban community,with a bit of political rhetoric thrown in.
A workable American New Town formula should be established as firmly here as the national formula was in Britain.All possible social and governmental innovation as well as financial factors should be clearly stated,and both incentives and penalties should be provided to ensure that the
objectives are pursued.If such a policy is developed,then the New Town approach can play an important role in alleviating America's urban problems.

The purpose of building New Towns in America is________.
A:to develop suburban area
B:to improve urban situation
C:to gain economic interest
D:to provide new residence for low-income people

Theme and Rheme are terms in ( )of syntax.

A.the Traditional Approach
B.the Structural Approach
C.the Functional Approach
D.the Generative Approach

When a teacher leads students to guess the meaning of a new word based on the contextual clue, which one of the following approaches does he use?

A.Bottom-up Approach.
B.Top-down Approach.
C.Interactive Approach.
D.3P Approach.

Your accusation is wholly without foundation.

A: almost
B:probably
C: completely
D: evidently

资料：Are walkers smarter than drivers?
A report published last month says metropolitan areas in the United States that were found to be more pedestrian-friendly also often had higher levels of GDP -and their citizens were better educated.
The study was conducted by Smart Growth America, an urban advocacy group based in the District of Columbia. It looked at the 30 biggest metro zones in the US, and ranked them by how much office, retail, and residential area was conducive to walking.
The question is, why? Do brainier people just like to walk and not drive? It's a complicated answer. What we don't know is whether walkable places attract educated people, or whether educated people move to certain places that then become more walkable.
That's not all: Education levels aren't just higher in walkable cities. GDP is, too. The gap between the highest and lowest urban metros by GDP in the study is a chasm of 49%, which scholar calls a "first and second world gap. This is serious stuff."
Of course, correlation doesn't equal causation. There's not enough data to definitively say why these urban areas are filled with educated people. But it's definitely a starting point for conversation: Many socioeconomic and generational trends the world over could help explain why university graduates gravitate toward crowded, subway-lined metropolises these days. In fact, such an intellectual influx has started to change the entire faces of some urban areas.
Increased urbanization isn't the only reason car-eschewing cities see smarter citizens. Young people play a role, too. Millennials-those born between around 1981 and 1996-are the most educated generation in history. Nearly half of them hold a bachelor's degree or higher. They're also all moving to cities, unlike their parents. These spikes in the workforce translate into metros with higher GDP and higher overall education levels.

What phenomenon has been found by scholars?

A.Entire faces of urban areas are changing fast.
B.Metropolitan areas are more pedestrian-friendly and richer.
C.Educated people prefer to live in walkable places.
D.Walkable places attract educated people.

A:Simultaneously
B:Almost
C:Absolutely
D:Basically

For urban areas this approach was wholly inadequate.

A:really
B:basically
C:fundamentally
D:completely