共用题干 Chest Compressions:Most Important of CPRCardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR,can save the life of someone whose heart has stopped.The condition is called cardiac arrest.The heart stops pumping blood.The person stops breathing. Withoutlifesaving measu
题目
共用题干
Chest Compressions:Most Important of CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR,can save the life of someone whose heart has stopped.The
condition is called cardiac arrest.The heart stops pumping blood.The person stops breathing. Without
lifesaving measures,the brain starts to die within four to six minutes.CPR combines breathing into the
victim's mouth and repeated presses on the chest._________(46)
However,a new Japanese study questions the usefulness of mouth-to-mouth breathing. The study was
published in the British medical magazine,The Lancet. Doctors in Tokyo led the research.It examined more
than four thousand people who had suffered cardiac arrest.In all the cases,witnesses saw the event happen.
More than one thousand of the victims received some kind of medical assistance from witnesses.Seven
hundred and twelve received CPR. Four hundred and thirty-nine received chest presses only._______(47)
The researchers say any kind of CPR improved chances of the patient's survival.But,they said those people
treated with only chest presses suffered less brain damage.Twenty-two percent survived with good brain
ability._________(48)
The American Heart Association changed its guidelines for CPR chest presses in 2005._________(49)
Gordon Ewy is a heart doctor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson.He wrote a report
that appeared with the study.Doctor Ewy thinks the CPR guidelines should be changed again.He said the
heart association should remove rescue breaths from the guidelines.He argues that more witnesses to cardiac
arrests would provide treatment if rescue breaths are not a part of CPR.He says this would save lives,
_______(50)
Cardiac arrest kills more than 300,000 people in the United States every year. The American Heart
Association says about ninety-five percent of victims die before they get to a medical center.
Chest Compressions:Most Important of CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR,can save the life of someone whose heart has stopped.The
condition is called cardiac arrest.The heart stops pumping blood.The person stops breathing. Without
lifesaving measures,the brain starts to die within four to six minutes.CPR combines breathing into the
victim's mouth and repeated presses on the chest._________(46)
However,a new Japanese study questions the usefulness of mouth-to-mouth breathing. The study was
published in the British medical magazine,The Lancet. Doctors in Tokyo led the research.It examined more
than four thousand people who had suffered cardiac arrest.In all the cases,witnesses saw the event happen.
More than one thousand of the victims received some kind of medical assistance from witnesses.Seven
hundred and twelve received CPR. Four hundred and thirty-nine received chest presses only._______(47)
The researchers say any kind of CPR improved chances of the patient's survival.But,they said those people
treated with only chest presses suffered less brain damage.Twenty-two percent survived with good brain
ability._________(48)
The American Heart Association changed its guidelines for CPR chest presses in 2005._________(49)
Gordon Ewy is a heart doctor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson.He wrote a report
that appeared with the study.Doctor Ewy thinks the CPR guidelines should be changed again.He said the
heart association should remove rescue breaths from the guidelines.He argues that more witnesses to cardiac
arrests would provide treatment if rescue breaths are not a part of CPR.He says this would save lives,
_______(50)
Cardiac arrest kills more than 300,000 people in the United States every year. The American Heart
Association says about ninety-five percent of victims die before they get to a medical center.
_________（46）
A:So far,we have not known exactly yet whether mouth-to一mouth breathing is really useless in CPR.
B:Only ten percent of the victims treated with traditional CPR survived with good brain ability.
C:CPR keeps blood and oxygen flowing to the heart and brain.
D:His studies show that many people do not want to perform mouth-to-mouth breathing on a stranger for fearof getting a disease.
E:It said neonle should increase the number of chest presses from fifteen to thirty for every two breaths given.
F:No mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths were given to them.
A:So far,we have not known exactly yet whether mouth-to一mouth breathing is really useless in CPR.
B:Only ten percent of the victims treated with traditional CPR survived with good brain ability.
C:CPR keeps blood and oxygen flowing to the heart and brain.
D:His studies show that many people do not want to perform mouth-to-mouth breathing on a stranger for fearof getting a disease.
E:It said neonle should increase the number of chest presses from fifteen to thirty for every two breaths given.
F:No mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths were given to them.
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更多“共用题干 Chest Compressions:Most Important of CPRCardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR,can save the life of someone whose heart has stopped.The condition is called cardiac arrest.The heart stops pumping blood.The person stops breathing. Withoutlifesaving measu”相关问题
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第1题：
共用题干
Napping to a Healthier Heart?
1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP______.
A:where fewer people die from heart problem
B:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke
C:would probably have lower rates of heart disease
D:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself
E:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way
F:that napping is of great benefit to women too答案：E解析：第二段主要介绍了加利福尼亚大学一个团队所进行的研究。通过检查心脏病人的NT-proBNP水平，发现水平最高的病人与水平最低的病人之间患心脏病的可能性相差近8倍。
第三段说到，研究涉及的多是男性，并发现年老且患有糖尿病或高血压者NT-proBNP的水平最高。
由第四段的内容可知，其他研究者认为还要确认一些问题，如心脏病病人的蛋白质水平是否影响其治疗；他们还想知道更多的积极治疗能否减少病人得心脏病或中风的机会。
第五段说到，地中海国家的成年人普遍都午睡，而且患心脏病的几率较低。哈佛大学和雅典大学的研究证明，每周午睡三次，每次30分钟的人比完全不午睡的人死于心脏病的几率低37%。
由第一段最后两句可知，研究人员检测血液中蛋白质的水平，他们称血液中这种蛋白质水平高的人得心脏病或中风的几率高，故选B。
由第三段第一句可知，血液中含有高浓度的该种蛋白质证明心肌受到了压迫。
由文章第五段的内容可知，定期午睡的人患心脏病的几率更低。
由第三段第二句和文章的最后一句可知，研究对象多为男性，并且由于在调查期间女性研究对象死亡的并不多，所以无法判断午睡对女性的影响。 -
第2题：
共用题干
Musical Chairs
Do you know how to play a game called"Musical Chairs"?It is easy to play and most people enjoy it. All you need are some chairs,some people and some way of making music.You may use a piano or any other musical instrument,if someone can play it. You may use a tape recorder. You can even use a radio.
Put the chairs in a row.The chairs may be put in twos,back to back.A better way is to have the chairs in one row with each chair facing in the opposite direction to the chair next to it.
The game is easy.When the music starts,the players walk round the chairs.Everyone goes in the same direction,of course,they should walk in time to the music .If the music is fast they should walk quickly .If the music is slow,they should walk slowly.
The person playing music cannot see the people in the game.When the music stops,the play-ers try to sit on the chairs.If a person cannot find a chair to sit on,he drops out. Then,before the music starts again,one chair must be taken away.When the music stops again,one more player will be out.
At last,there will be two players and one chair. The one who sits on the chair when the music stops is the winner.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A: The game"Musical Chairs"is not difficult to learn.
B: The last one can sit on the last chair.
C: The winner can sit on the chair.
D: If the person plays music,he cannot be the winner.答案：B解析：因为在第四段有这样一句If a person cannot find a chair to sit on , he drops out.那么肯定是椅子比人数少，这样才会有人没地方坐，故选A。
在第一段中提到了A、B、C三种可以播放音乐的器具，而D项没有，因为一般来说电话是不能播放音乐的，故选D。
第二段的 Put the chairs in a row就是“把椅子排成一排”之意。故选D。
由第三段中的句子When the music starts, the players walk round the chairs．故选C。
本题可用排除法，由第一段第二句It is easy to play,A项正确；由最后一句The one who sits on the chair when the music stops is the winner. C项正确；由第四段的句子The person playing music cannot see the people in the game. D项正确。故选B。 -
第3题：
共用题干
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin.The patient's life was expected to last several years longer by implanting the artificial heart.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：由文章第二段第一句“Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday."，可知，被植入的人工 心脏是由钦和塑料合成的，故应选A。
由文章第三段第一句中“doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend theperson' s life by only a month”可知，医生只指望人工心脏能延长病人大约一个月的生命，而不 是几年，故应选B。
第一段、第四段和第八段对独立心脏和机械心脏的构造作了介绍，从中可以看到两者 所用的动力、是否要电线、软管与体外连接以及体积大小都不相同，故此题应选B。
在第五段， Faxon说“这可能是人工心脏发展中的一次重大飞跃”，还说“很显然，这只是 一个实验装置，其能否长期成功使用还有待证实”，并且在等待移植手术的4,200人中，仅有鱿 一半的人得到了移植。故应选B。
第五段中，Faxon认为“可植入的永久性人工心脏这一梦想还不现实”，它仍处于实验阶 段，故应选B。
第五段提到“去年等待别人捐献心脏的4,200个美国人中只有大约一半人接受到推 献”，也就是大约2,100人，故应选A。
第六段提到“有些医生说人工心脏不太可能代替捐献的心脏”，第七段提到“移植得好， 一个捐献的心脏可存活15～30年，而这一点机器是很难代替的”，可见他们对人工心脏是持怀 疑态度的，故应选A。 -
第4题：
共用题干
第三篇
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.David
Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."
Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."We can learn from Paragraph 4 that the Jarvic-7 is_____.
A:the most expensive mechanical heart
B:a mechanical heart used in the 1980s
C:as advanced as AbioCor
D:replacing AbioCor答案：B解析：本文从全球首例接受独立人工心脏的患者手术事例开始，来引出文章的主题，并对独立人工心脏的构成及价值进行了描述。文章还将独立人工心脏同捐献的心脏器官进行比较，给读者呈现全面客观的信息。
由文章第一段的内容可知，世界首个独立人工心脏是一种自带电池的装置，无需用电缆和导管从胸腔外获取电力，故B项正确。人工心脏是由钛和塑料制成，而非钛和泵，故C项错误。A、D项均不符合题意。
由文章第二段第二句话可知，医院称病人在术后第二天意识清醒，并在安心静养。故选A。
本段第二句话中的“those mechanical hearts”代指前一句话中的“mechanical hearts used in the 1980s"，故选B。
由文章第五段最后一句话可知，Dr.David Faxon称这是一种还处在实验阶段的设备，其长期的表现还有待论证，故选B。
由文章第六段第一句话可知，在去年，4 200位等待接受捐赠心脏的美国人中，只有约一半的人得到了心脏捐赠，这和C项意思相符，故选C。 -
第5题：
共用题干
第三篇
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.David
Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."
Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."According to the report,the patient who received the first self-contained heart______.
A:was said to be in a good condition the next day after the operation
B:could not afford a donor heart
C:died two months after the heart implantation
D:was reluctant to release his or her personal information答案：A解析：本文从全球首例接受独立人工心脏的患者手术事例开始，来引出文章的主题，并对独立人工心脏的构成及价值进行了描述。文章还将独立人工心脏同捐献的心脏器官进行比较，给读者呈现全面客观的信息。
由文章第一段的内容可知，世界首个独立人工心脏是一种自带电池的装置，无需用电缆和导管从胸腔外获取电力，故B项正确。人工心脏是由钛和塑料制成，而非钛和泵，故C项错误。A、D项均不符合题意。
由文章第二段第二句话可知，医院称病人在术后第二天意识清醒，并在安心静养。故选A。
本段第二句话中的“those mechanical hearts”代指前一句话中的“mechanical hearts used in the 1980s"，故选B。
由文章第五段最后一句话可知，Dr.David Faxon称这是一种还处在实验阶段的设备，其长期的表现还有待论证，故选B。
由文章第六段第一句话可知，在去年，4 200位等待接受捐赠心脏的美国人中，只有约一半的人得到了心脏捐赠，这和C项意思相符，故选C。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Stomach Ulcer
Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people.Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers.They could not cure them.Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers.This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain.Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life.So a possible cure is good news for many people.
Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears.These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach,the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines.Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer.How does a person know he or she has an ulcer?Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach.This pain often is called heart burn.It usually happens before eating or during the night.It causes some people to lose their desire to eat,or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs.Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids,which damaged stomach tissue.Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H.Pillorie.H.Pillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid.Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics.Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs.They also believe curing ui- cers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer.The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan,Southeast Asia and parts of Africa.
Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if his or her family has had one.In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other peo-ple.There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer.Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach.To do this,doctors say,people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol.And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。
【解析】
题干意为“过去医生对于胃溃疡是无能为力”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短 语in the past, doctors作为定位线索，在第一段找到相关句：Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers.They could not cure them．相关句意为“医生一直能够帮助减少溃疡造成的痛苦。但是他们不能治愈胃溃疡这种疾病”，由此可见在过去医生虽然不能治愈胃溃疡，但也能对这种疾病进行治疗，因此题干陈述的意义与短文内容不一致。该题主要考查对时态意义的理解：相关句使用了现在完成时态，这表明“减少胃溃疡造成的疼痛（即治疗胃溃疡）”是从过去持续到现在的动作，这也就说明在过去就能对胃溃疡进行治疗。
题干意为“现在医生能成功地治愈胃溃疡” 该句在句意上与上题有关：一个说过去的情况，一个说现在的情况，因此从上一题的相关句的位置往下找该题相关句，同时关注题干中的细节信息词now , doctors，题干中出现的修饰词successfully在查找相关句的过程中也 需要关注，这样在第一段找到相关句：Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers.This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain．该句意为“现在医生们已经发现了溃疡的一种致病原因。这就意味着他们可能已经找到一种方法来治疗那些遭受到胃痛困扰的人”，由此不难看出题干与该句的内容不一致：题干在肯定地陈述一个事实：能成功治愈胃溃疡；短文说只是可能：“可能找到治疗方法”，即现在治愈胃溃疡只是一种可能（提示：混淆 “可能性”和“事实”是阅读判断题中“错误”这个答案选项常见的出题形式）。
题干意为“有些人可能在一生中的某个时候遭受胃溃疡这种疾病的困扰”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语some people, at some time in their life作为定位线索，这样在 第一段中找到该题相关句：Studies show that ten percent of the population（与some people 呼应）will develop an ulcer at some time in their life．该句意为“研究显示10%的人在他们一生中的某个时候可能遭受胃溃疡的困扰”。很明显，这与题干意义一致。
题干意为“经过多年的实验后医生已经发现了溃疡的一种致病原因”。利用 题干中的细节信息词/短语doctors, a cause of ulcers,after many years of experiments作为定 位线索，在第一段找到涉及到doctor和a cause of ulcers相关的句子：Now doctors have dis-covered a cause of ulcers．该句没有提到many years of experiments“许多年的试验”，而短文中的其他部分也没有出现many years of experiments，由此可见“是否医生们是经过许多年的试验后才发现溃疡的一种致病原因”是无法从短文中了解到的信息，因此题干陈述的信息是短文中未提及的信息（提示：题干中只要有一部分信息是短文中未提及的信息，就可以由此判断题干陈述的信息是短文中未提及的信息）。
题干意为“医生对胃溃疡的致病原因的理解已经有了变化”。利用题干中的 细节信息词/短语change, doctors's understanding, the cause of stomach ulcer作为定位线 索，这样找到相关句：Doctors believed（与 doctors' understanding呼应）that ulcers were caused（与the cause of stomach ulcer)by unusually strong stomach fluids,which damaged stomach tissue.Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused（与the cause of stom- ach ulcer)by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H.Pillorie．这两个句子提到“医生过去认为溃疡是由胃里超强的液体流动造成的。现在他们发现大多数的胃溃疡是由细菌造成的……”，这两个句子通过陈述医生们过去对溃疡的理解和现在对溃疡的理解来说明医生对溃疡的理解已经有了变化，很明显，题干意义就是对这两个相关句意义的概括（提示：有的题干是对短文中相关句子意义的概括总结）。
题干意为“胃溃疡会导致胃癌”。利用题干中的细节信息短语stomach cancer 作为定位线索词，这样在第二段的结尾部分找到相关句：They also believe curing ulcers will re- duce the number of people who develop stomach cancer．该句意为“他们认为治愈溃疡能够减少患胃癌的人数”，由此可知胃溃疡是造成胃癌的一个原因，题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“喜欢吃辛辣食物的人容易患胃溃疡”。利用题干中的细节信息短语a lot of spicy food作为定位线索，结果发现短文中根本没有谈到spicy food，由此可知短文中根本没有涉及到辛辣食物和胃溃疡之间的关系，因此无法依据短文判断出是否喜欢吃辛辣食物的人容易患胃溃疡，由此判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。 -
第7题：
共用题干
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin.Dr. David Faxon believed that the implantable,permanent artificial heart will certainly be developed in the future.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：由文章第二段第一句“Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday."，可知，被植入的人工 心脏是由钦和塑料合成的，故应选A。
由文章第三段第一句中“doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend theperson' s life by only a month”可知，医生只指望人工心脏能延长病人大约一个月的生命，而不 是几年，故应选B。
第一段、第四段和第八段对独立心脏和机械心脏的构造作了介绍，从中可以看到两者 所用的动力、是否要电线、软管与体外连接以及体积大小都不相同，故此题应选B。
在第五段， Faxon说“这可能是人工心脏发展中的一次重大飞跃”，还说“很显然，这只是 一个实验装置，其能否长期成功使用还有待证实”，并且在等待移植手术的4,200人中，仅有鱿 一半的人得到了移植。故应选B。
第五段中，Faxon认为“可植入的永久性人工心脏这一梦想还不现实”，它仍处于实验阶 段，故应选B。
第五段提到“去年等待别人捐献心脏的4,200个美国人中只有大约一半人接受到推 献”，也就是大约2,100人，故应选A。
第六段提到“有些医生说人工心脏不太可能代替捐献的心脏”，第七段提到“移植得好， 一个捐献的心脏可存活15～30年，而这一点机器是很难代替的”，可见他们对人工心脏是持怀 疑态度的，故应选A。 -
第8题：
共用题干
第三篇
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.David
Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."
Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The first two paragraphs tell that the self-contained artificial heart_____.
A:had brought the patient to the brink of death
B:did not need to get power from outside the body
C:was made of titanium and pump
D:was invented by two surgeons from the University of Louisville答案：B解析：本文从全球首例接受独立人工心脏的患者手术事例开始，来引出文章的主题，并对独立人工心脏的构成及价值进行了描述。文章还将独立人工心脏同捐献的心脏器官进行比较，给读者呈现全面客观的信息。
由文章第一段的内容可知，世界首个独立人工心脏是一种自带电池的装置，无需用电缆和导管从胸腔外获取电力，故B项正确。人工心脏是由钛和塑料制成，而非钛和泵，故C项错误。A、D项均不符合题意。
由文章第二段第二句话可知，医院称病人在术后第二天意识清醒，并在安心静养。故选A。
本段第二句话中的“those mechanical hearts”代指前一句话中的“mechanical hearts used in the 1980s"，故选B。
由文章第五段最后一句话可知，Dr.David Faxon称这是一种还处在实验阶段的设备，其长期的表现还有待论证，故选B。
由文章第六段第一句话可知，在去年，4 200位等待接受捐赠心脏的美国人中，只有约一半的人得到了心脏捐赠，这和C项意思相符，故选C。 -
第9题：
共用题干
第一篇
Human Heart can Make New Cells
Solving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to
generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows
with age.
The finding,published in the April 3rd issue of Science,could open a new path for the treatment of heart
diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say.
"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）,are renewed," said lead
researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen,a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm,
Sweden."It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we were born with
or whether they could be renewed,"he said.
"The process of renewing these cells changes over time,"Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,about 1
percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year , but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only
0.45 percent by age 75.
"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially
possible to develop pharmaceuticals（药物）that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after , for
example,a heart attack,"Frisen said.
That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
"A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,."noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj,also from the
Karolinska Institute."Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
"With this finding,scientists are opening the door to potential therapies（疗法）,to having ourselves heal
ourselves,"Bhardwaj said."Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells
make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."
But barriers remain.According to Bhardwaj,scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell
production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,especially in older patients with
heart failure.In addition,the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts一
whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.Chronic heart failure is attributed to _________.
A:the dying heart cells
B:the effect of pharmaceuticals
C:the weight of the patient
D:the life span of a person答案：A解析：根据第一段中“…the human heart continues to generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span”可知，在人的整个生命进程中，其心脏持续产生新的心肌细胞。言外之 意，这个过程直到生命结束才会停止。
根据第二段中“The finding...could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases”可 知，这个研究成果将为心脏病的治疗开辟新的途径。因此C项符合题意。
根据第四段中“…but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75”可知，C项符合题意。
根据倒数第三段中“Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying”可知，慢性心力衰 竭是由心肌细胞死亡导致的。因此A项符合题意。
最后一句的大意是：另外，心脏产生的新细胞的数量是按照健康心脏估算的，而患病心脏的细胞更替率是否与健康心脏相同还不得而知。因此C项符合题意。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了远古冰人尸体的发现及对其的相关研究情况。 -
第10题：
单选题A shipmate suffers a heart attack and stops breathing. You must（）.Aadminister oxygen
Bimmediately check his pulse and start CPR
Cmake the victim comfortable in a bunk
Dimmediately give a stimulant，by force if necesssary
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
共用题干
Musical Chairs
Do you know how to play a game called"Musical Chairs"?It is easy to play and most people enjoy it. All you need are some chairs,some people and some way of making music.You may use a piano or any other musical instrument,if someone can play it. You may use a tape recorder. You can even use a radio.
Put the chairs in a row.The chairs may be put in twos,back to back.A better way is to have the chairs in one row with each chair facing in the opposite direction to the chair next to it.
The game is easy.When the music starts,the players walk round the chairs.Everyone goes in the same direction,of course,they should walk in time to the music .If the music is fast they should walk quickly .If the music is slow,they should walk slowly.
The person playing music cannot see the people in the game.When the music stops,the play-ers try to sit on the chairs.If a person cannot find a chair to sit on,he drops out. Then,before the music starts again,one chair must be taken away.When the music stops again,one more player will be out.
At last,there will be two players and one chair. The one who sits on the chair when the music stops is the winner.The chairs should be put______.
A: with the desks
B: before the winner
C: all over the room
D: in a line答案：D解析：因为在第四段有这样一句If a person cannot find a chair to sit on , he drops out.那么肯定是椅子比人数少，这样才会有人没地方坐，故选A。
在第一段中提到了A、B、C三种可以播放音乐的器具，而D项没有，因为一般来说电话是不能播放音乐的，故选D。
第二段的 Put the chairs in a row就是“把椅子排成一排”之意。故选D。
由第三段中的句子When the music starts, the players walk round the chairs．故选C。
本题可用排除法，由第一段第二句It is easy to play,A项正确；由最后一句The one who sits on the chair when the music stops is the winner. C项正确；由第四段的句子The person playing music cannot see the people in the game. D项正确。故选B。 -
第12题：
共用题干
第三篇
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.David
Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."
Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."It can be inferred from the passage that donor hearts______.
A:will be replaced by self-contained artificial hearts sooner or later
B:are more popular and cheaper than self-contained artificial hearts
C:saved the lives of about 2,100 Americans the year before the report
D:can help patients survive less than 15 years if they are in good transplant答案：C解析：本文从全球首例接受独立人工心脏的患者手术事例开始，来引出文章的主题，并对独立人工心脏的构成及价值进行了描述。文章还将独立人工心脏同捐献的心脏器官进行比较，给读者呈现全面客观的信息。
由文章第一段的内容可知，世界首个独立人工心脏是一种自带电池的装置，无需用电缆和导管从胸腔外获取电力，故B项正确。人工心脏是由钛和塑料制成，而非钛和泵，故C项错误。A、D项均不符合题意。
由文章第二段第二句话可知，医院称病人在术后第二天意识清醒，并在安心静养。故选A。
本段第二句话中的“those mechanical hearts”代指前一句话中的“mechanical hearts used in the 1980s"，故选B。
由文章第五段最后一句话可知，Dr.David Faxon称这是一种还处在实验阶段的设备，其长期的表现还有待论证，故选B。
由文章第六段第一句话可知，在去年，4 200位等待接受捐赠心脏的美国人中，只有约一半的人得到了心脏捐赠，这和C项意思相符，故选C。 -
第13题：
共用题干
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin.There is no difference in structure between the self-contained heart and the mechanical heart.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：由文章第二段第一句“Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday."，可知，被植入的人工 心脏是由钦和塑料合成的，故应选A。
由文章第三段第一句中“doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend theperson' s life by only a month”可知，医生只指望人工心脏能延长病人大约一个月的生命，而不 是几年，故应选B。
第一段、第四段和第八段对独立心脏和机械心脏的构造作了介绍，从中可以看到两者 所用的动力、是否要电线、软管与体外连接以及体积大小都不相同，故此题应选B。
在第五段， Faxon说“这可能是人工心脏发展中的一次重大飞跃”，还说“很显然，这只是 一个实验装置，其能否长期成功使用还有待证实”，并且在等待移植手术的4,200人中，仅有鱿 一半的人得到了移植。故应选B。
第五段中，Faxon认为“可植入的永久性人工心脏这一梦想还不现实”，它仍处于实验阶 段，故应选B。
第五段提到“去年等待别人捐献心脏的4,200个美国人中只有大约一半人接受到推 献”，也就是大约2,100人，故应选A。
第六段提到“有些医生说人工心脏不太可能代替捐献的心脏”，第七段提到“移植得好， 一个捐献的心脏可存活15～30年，而这一点机器是很难代替的”，可见他们对人工心脏是持怀 疑态度的，故应选A。 -
第14题：
共用题干
Exercise
Whether or not exercise adds___1___the length of life,it is common experience that a certain___2___of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of wellbeing.
Furthermore,exercise___3___involves play and recreation,and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing,is not only pleasant but beneficial. How much and what kind of exercise one should___4___merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports.They fatigue to the___5___of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with___6___of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is___7___vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question___8___to answer. Individual variability is___9___ great to permit of generalization.
A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The safe limit for exercise___10___ on the condition of the heart,the condition of the muscles,the type of exercise,and the regularity with which it is taken.Two general suggestions,however,will___11___ as sound advice for anyone.The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be___12___ periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The___13___is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.
What type of exercise one should___14___depends upon one's physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports,but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking,swimming,skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate___15___throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.12._________
A: delayed
B: defended
C: designed
D: determined答案：D解析：在四个选项中，add只可以与to搭配，意为“增加”，正符合上下文的意思。
在四个选项中，A和B显然不符合逻辑，可供考虑的只有C和D。需要考虑的是，exercise这个词，如果作为“体育锻炼”讲是不可数名词，只有作为“一项运动”讲时才是可数名词，根据上下文意思，exercise也不是用来强调体育项目的（没有用复数），而amount与不可数名词连用，number则须与可数名词连用，故应选C。
从语法上分析，主句主语exercise的谓语应该是is not only pleasant but beneficial，中间显然应该是一个定语从句，定语从句所缺少的是主语，故应选A,
从语法上分析，one should+动词应该是前面那个主语的定语从句，只是定语从句的宾语which/that被省略了，而四个选项中只有take可与exercise搭配，故应选D。
point，既可表达时间（“时刻”）或空间（“地点”）也可表达“程度”的意思，to the point of“达到……的地步/程度”，符合上下文要求。所以答案为A。
本空格后面的of middle age and beyond提示了本空格要填的词应该是指 “人”的词，而且不止一个人，从上下文看，these显然不合适，因为上文并没有特指哪些人，故只 有C合适。
本句中is后面应该是表语部分，四个选项中只有D项of合适，of impor- tance=important,of vital importance=very,very important。
从语法上分析，这个空必须填上一个形容词作question的定语，从上下文分析，只有B项hard合适，这里的hard =difficult。
前句已经说到，“不同年龄的人做多少运动是一个难以回答的问题”，显然本句的意思是“个人的差异太大，无法一概而论”，因此选择B项too是最恰当的。too... to...的结构具有否定的意义。
虽然四个选项都可以与on搭配，但act on意为“按照……行动”, carry on 意为“进行”，不符合文意，只有depend on“取决于……”和base on“根据……”语境可以考虑，但base是及物动词，应该为base sth. on...，故只能选择A。
虽然四个选项都可以与as连用，但用法和意义各有不同，refer to sb. /sth. as“把……说成……”； regard sb./sth. as“把……当成…… ” ； treat sb. /sth. as“把……当成……”；均不符合语境，只有serve as“充当……，作为……”在语法上和意义上恰当。所以答案为C。
前面A、B、C三个选项的词义分别为“推迟”、“保护”、“设计”，与上下文意义不相符，只有D项“测定、确定”符合文意。
前面说到有两个一般性的建议，并且已提到“第一个”，那么“另一个”只能考虑A、B两个选项了。二者都有“另一个”的意思，只是用法不同，another不用冠词，而the other则需要定冠词the，故选A。
四个选项中A、C、D三个选项的意思与上下文相去甚远，只有B项合适。 one should choose用来做前面主语的定语从句，在定语从句中省略了宾语that/which。
四个选项中只有C项in可与participate连用，意为“参加”，in的宾语是引导定语从句的关系代词that。 -
第15题：
共用题干
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin.Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：由文章第二段第一句“Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday."，可知，被植入的人工 心脏是由钦和塑料合成的，故应选A。
由文章第三段第一句中“doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend theperson' s life by only a month”可知，医生只指望人工心脏能延长病人大约一个月的生命，而不 是几年，故应选B。
第一段、第四段和第八段对独立心脏和机械心脏的构造作了介绍，从中可以看到两者 所用的动力、是否要电线、软管与体外连接以及体积大小都不相同，故此题应选B。
在第五段， Faxon说“这可能是人工心脏发展中的一次重大飞跃”，还说“很显然，这只是 一个实验装置，其能否长期成功使用还有待证实”，并且在等待移植手术的4,200人中，仅有鱿 一半的人得到了移植。故应选B。
第五段中，Faxon认为“可植入的永久性人工心脏这一梦想还不现实”，它仍处于实验阶 段，故应选B。
第五段提到“去年等待别人捐献心脏的4,200个美国人中只有大约一半人接受到推 献”，也就是大约2,100人，故应选A。
第六段提到“有些医生说人工心脏不太可能代替捐献的心脏”，第七段提到“移植得好， 一个捐献的心脏可存活15～30年，而这一点机器是很难代替的”，可见他们对人工心脏是持怀 疑态度的，故应选A。 -
第16题：
共用题干
第三篇
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.David
Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."
Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."According to Dr.David Faxon,the self-contained heart is______.
A:a milestone in the artificial heart development
B:still in the experimental stage
C:an implantable,permanent artificial heart
D:unavailable to all those Americans waiting for donor hearts答案：B解析：本文从全球首例接受独立人工心脏的患者手术事例开始，来引出文章的主题，并对独立人工心脏的构成及价值进行了描述。文章还将独立人工心脏同捐献的心脏器官进行比较，给读者呈现全面客观的信息。
由文章第一段的内容可知，世界首个独立人工心脏是一种自带电池的装置，无需用电缆和导管从胸腔外获取电力，故B项正确。人工心脏是由钛和塑料制成，而非钛和泵，故C项错误。A、D项均不符合题意。
由文章第二段第二句话可知，医院称病人在术后第二天意识清醒，并在安心静养。故选A。
本段第二句话中的“those mechanical hearts”代指前一句话中的“mechanical hearts used in the 1980s"，故选B。
由文章第五段最后一句话可知，Dr.David Faxon称这是一种还处在实验阶段的设备，其长期的表现还有待论证，故选B。
由文章第六段第一句话可知，在去年，4 200位等待接受捐赠心脏的美国人中，只有约一半的人得到了心脏捐赠，这和C项意思相符，故选C。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Stomach Ulcer
Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people.Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers.They could not cure them.Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers.This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain.Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life.So a possible cure is good news for many people.
Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears.These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach,the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines.Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer.How does a person know he or she has an ulcer?Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach.This pain often is called heart burn.It usually happens before eating or during the night.It causes some people to lose their desire to eat,or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs.Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids,which damaged stomach tissue.Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H.Pillorie.H.Pillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid.Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics.Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs.They also believe curing ui- cers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer.The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan,Southeast Asia and parts of Africa.
Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if his or her family has had one.In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other peo-ple.There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer.Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach.To do this,doctors say,people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol.And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.There has been a change in doctors'understanding of the cause of stomach ulcer.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。
【解析】
题干意为“过去医生对于胃溃疡是无能为力”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短 语in the past, doctors作为定位线索，在第一段找到相关句：Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers.They could not cure them．相关句意为“医生一直能够帮助减少溃疡造成的痛苦。但是他们不能治愈胃溃疡这种疾病”，由此可见在过去医生虽然不能治愈胃溃疡，但也能对这种疾病进行治疗，因此题干陈述的意义与短文内容不一致。该题主要考查对时态意义的理解：相关句使用了现在完成时态，这表明“减少胃溃疡造成的疼痛（即治疗胃溃疡）”是从过去持续到现在的动作，这也就说明在过去就能对胃溃疡进行治疗。
题干意为“现在医生能成功地治愈胃溃疡” 该句在句意上与上题有关：一个说过去的情况，一个说现在的情况，因此从上一题的相关句的位置往下找该题相关句，同时关注题干中的细节信息词now , doctors，题干中出现的修饰词successfully在查找相关句的过程中也 需要关注，这样在第一段找到相关句：Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers.This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain．该句意为“现在医生们已经发现了溃疡的一种致病原因。这就意味着他们可能已经找到一种方法来治疗那些遭受到胃痛困扰的人”，由此不难看出题干与该句的内容不一致：题干在肯定地陈述一个事实：能成功治愈胃溃疡；短文说只是可能：“可能找到治疗方法”，即现在治愈胃溃疡只是一种可能（提示：混淆 “可能性”和“事实”是阅读判断题中“错误”这个答案选项常见的出题形式）。
题干意为“有些人可能在一生中的某个时候遭受胃溃疡这种疾病的困扰”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语some people, at some time in their life作为定位线索，这样在 第一段中找到该题相关句：Studies show that ten percent of the population（与some people 呼应）will develop an ulcer at some time in their life．该句意为“研究显示10%的人在他们一生中的某个时候可能遭受胃溃疡的困扰”。很明显，这与题干意义一致。
题干意为“经过多年的实验后医生已经发现了溃疡的一种致病原因”。利用 题干中的细节信息词/短语doctors, a cause of ulcers,after many years of experiments作为定 位线索，在第一段找到涉及到doctor和a cause of ulcers相关的句子：Now doctors have dis-covered a cause of ulcers．该句没有提到many years of experiments“许多年的试验”，而短文中的其他部分也没有出现many years of experiments，由此可见“是否医生们是经过许多年的试验后才发现溃疡的一种致病原因”是无法从短文中了解到的信息，因此题干陈述的信息是短文中未提及的信息（提示：题干中只要有一部分信息是短文中未提及的信息，就可以由此判断题干陈述的信息是短文中未提及的信息）。
题干意为“医生对胃溃疡的致病原因的理解已经有了变化”。利用题干中的 细节信息词/短语change, doctors's understanding, the cause of stomach ulcer作为定位线 索，这样找到相关句：Doctors believed（与 doctors' understanding呼应）that ulcers were caused（与the cause of stomach ulcer)by unusually strong stomach fluids,which damaged stomach tissue.Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused（与the cause of stom- ach ulcer)by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H.Pillorie．这两个句子提到“医生过去认为溃疡是由胃里超强的液体流动造成的。现在他们发现大多数的胃溃疡是由细菌造成的……”，这两个句子通过陈述医生们过去对溃疡的理解和现在对溃疡的理解来说明医生对溃疡的理解已经有了变化，很明显，题干意义就是对这两个相关句意义的概括（提示：有的题干是对短文中相关句子意义的概括总结）。
题干意为“胃溃疡会导致胃癌”。利用题干中的细节信息短语stomach cancer 作为定位线索词，这样在第二段的结尾部分找到相关句：They also believe curing ulcers will re- duce the number of people who develop stomach cancer．该句意为“他们认为治愈溃疡能够减少患胃癌的人数”，由此可知胃溃疡是造成胃癌的一个原因，题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“喜欢吃辛辣食物的人容易患胃溃疡”。利用题干中的细节信息短语a lot of spicy food作为定位线索，结果发现短文中根本没有谈到spicy food，由此可知短文中根本没有涉及到辛辣食物和胃溃疡之间的关系，因此无法依据短文判断出是否喜欢吃辛辣食物的人容易患胃溃疡，由此判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。 -
第18题：
共用题干
第一篇
Human Heart can Make New Cells
Solving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to
generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows
with age.
The finding,published in the April 3rd issue of Science,could open a new path for the treatment of heart
diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say.
"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）,are renewed," said lead
researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen,a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm,
Sweden."It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we were born with
or whether they could be renewed,"he said.
"The process of renewing these cells changes over time,"Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,about 1
percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year , but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only
0.45 percent by age 75.
"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially
possible to develop pharmaceuticals（药物）that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after , for
example,a heart attack,"Frisen said.
That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
"A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,."noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj,also from the
Karolinska Institute."Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
"With this finding,scientists are opening the door to potential therapies（疗法）,to having ourselves heal
ourselves,"Bhardwaj said."Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells
make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."
But barriers remain.According to Bhardwaj,scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell
production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,especially in older patients with
heart failure.In addition,the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts一
whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.The human heart stops producing cardiac cells ______.
A:when a person becomes old
B:as soon as a person gets sick
C:immediately after a person is born
D:once a person dies答案：D解析：根据第一段中“…the human heart continues to generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span”可知，在人的整个生命进程中，其心脏持续产生新的心肌细胞。言外之 意，这个过程直到生命结束才会停止。
根据第二段中“The finding...could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases”可 知，这个研究成果将为心脏病的治疗开辟新的途径。因此C项符合题意。
根据第四段中“…but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75”可知，C项符合题意。
根据倒数第三段中“Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying”可知，慢性心力衰 竭是由心肌细胞死亡导致的。因此A项符合题意。
最后一句的大意是：另外，心脏产生的新细胞的数量是按照健康心脏估算的，而患病心脏的细胞更替率是否与健康心脏相同还不得而知。因此C项符合题意。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了远古冰人尸体的发现及对其的相关研究情况。 -
第19题：
共用题干
Chest Compressions:Most Important of CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation,or CPR,can save the life of someone whose heart has stopped .The condition is called cardiac arrest. The heart stops pumping blood. The person stops breathing. Without lifesaving measures,the brain starts to die within four to six minutes.CPR combines breathing into the victim's mouth and repeated presses on the chest.______(46).
However,a new Japanese study questions the usefulness of mouth-to-mouth breathing. The study was published in the British medical magazine,The Lancet. Doctors in Tokyo led the re- search .It examined more than four thousand people who had suffered cardiac arrest. In all the cases,witnesses saw the event happen.
More than one thousand of the victims received some kind of medical assistance from witnes- ses .Seven hundred and twelve received CPR.Four hundred and thirty-nine received chest pres- ses only.______(47)The researchers say any kind of CPR improved chances of the patient's survival. But,they said those people treated with only chest presses suffered less brain damage. Twenty-two percent survived with good brain ability.______(48).
The American Heart Association changed its guidelines for CPR chest presses in 2005.
______(49)Gordon Ewy is a heart doctor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson. He wrote a report that appeared with the study.Doctor Ewy thinks the CPR guidelines should be changed again.He said the heart association should remove rescue breaths from the guidelines. He argues that more witnesses to cardiac arrests would provide treatment if rescue breaths are not a part of CPR. He says this would save lives______(50).
Cardiac arrest kills more than 300,000 people in the United States every year. The American Heart Association says about ninety-five percent of victims die before they get to a medical center.______(46)
A: Sofar,we have not known exactly yet whether mouth-to-mouth breathing is really useless in CPR.
B: Only ten percent of the victims treated with traditional CPR survived with good brain a-bility.
C: CPR keeps blood and oxygen flowing to the heart and brain.
D: His studies show that many people do not want to perform mouth-to-mouth breathing on a stranger for fear of getting a disease.
E: It said people should increase the number of chest presses from fifteen to thirty for every two breaths given.
F: No mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths were given to them.答案：C解析：本空白处的前一句是介绍CPR是什么，而六个选项中，C项也是介绍CPR的，因此放在一起是恰当的。
空白处的前一句说“439位病人仅仅接受了胸腔按压”，而第一段说过，"CPR包括胸部按压和口对口呼吸”，可见F项说“没做口对口呼吸的急救措施”是补充说明前一句的。
本空白处的前面两句说到，只用胸部按压抢救过来的人大脑受损比较小，存活下来的人中有22%大脑功能良好，接下来这一句肯定是要与传统的两种方法结合的抢救模式作对比，选项B正好是这样的内容。
本空白处的前一句是说美国心脏协会于2005年修改了CPR中胸部按压的指导准则，空白处的后面又没有提到如何修改，选项E正好填补了这个内容。而且还要注意，选项E中的It said只能适用于American Heart Association，其他空白处均不合适。
这一段都是叙述心脏疾病医生Gordon Ewy的观点，在其他地方都没有提到他，因此选项D His studies show...实际上已经为我们提供了答题的线索，内容也能前后衔接。 -
第20题：
单选题What kind of person does the grandfather think is the noblest?AA person who has pity on others.
BA person who has a large heart.
CA person who is brave to save people.
DA person who is cheerful to finish a task.
正确答案： B解析：
根据文章的最后一段“that is the noblest deed. Very few people want to save the lives of their enemies.”可知，爷爷认为具有博大胸怀的人是最崇高的人。