共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high l

题目
共用题干
Napping to a Healthier Heart?
1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

According to some researchers,by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know______.
A:where fewer people die from heart problem
B:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke
C:would probably have lower rates of heart disease
D:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself
E:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way
F:that napping is of great benefit to women too
相似考题

1.共用题干 Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent."I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population,"lead author Dr.Earl S.Ford,from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age,who narticipated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent,and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group.By contrast,race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have ahigh or immediate risk,Dr.Daniel S.Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles,and Dr.Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine,note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add. The main purpose of the passage is to______.A:introduce that most adults in US adults have low risk of heart diseaseB:give treatment measures to reduce the risk of developing heart disease for US adultsC:describe the research made by the Centers for Disease Control and PreventionD:warn people that they should pay attention to the threat of heart disease immediately

2.共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women. Paragraph 3 ________A:More Questions to Be AskedB:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNPC:Development of a Simple But Important TestD:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart DiscaseE: How to Control the Levels of NT- proBNPF: Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease

3.共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.According to some researchers,by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people mayknow ________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too

4.共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP_________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too

更多“共用题干 Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high l”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    共用题干
    Napping to a Healthier Heart?
    1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
    4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
    5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
    6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

    Paragraph 5______
    A:More Questions to Be Asked
    B:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNP
    C:Development of a Simple But Important Test
    D:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart Disease
    E:How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNP
    F:Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease

    答案：D
    解析：
    第二段主要介绍了加利福尼亚大学一个团队所进行的研究。通过检查心脏病人的NT-proBNP水平，发现水平最高的病人与水平最低的病人之间患心脏病的可能性相差近8倍。
    第三段说到，研究涉及的多是男性，并发现年老且患有糖尿病或高血压者NT-proBNP的水平最高。
    由第四段的内容可知，其他研究者认为还要确认一些问题，如心脏病病人的蛋白质水平是否影响其治疗；他们还想知道更多的积极治疗能否减少病人得心脏病或中风的机会。
    第五段说到，地中海国家的成年人普遍都午睡，而且患心脏病的几率较低。哈佛大学和雅典大学的研究证明，每周午睡三次，每次30分钟的人比完全不午睡的人死于心脏病的几率低37%。
    由第一段最后两句可知，研究人员检测血液中蛋白质的水平，他们称血液中这种蛋白质水平高的人得心脏病或中风的几率高，故选B。
    由第三段第一句可知，血液中含有高浓度的该种蛋白质证明心肌受到了压迫。
    由文章第五段的内容可知，定期午睡的人患心脏病的几率更低。
    由第三段第二句和文章的最后一句可知，研究对象多为男性，并且由于在调查期间女性研究对象死亡的并不多，所以无法判断午睡对女性的影响。

  • 第2题：

    共用题干
    Napping to a Healthier Heart?

    1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is
    likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people
    with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about
    four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart
    disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more
    likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart
    muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for
    sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP
    were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
    4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart
    disease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive
    treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the
    Journal of the American Medical Association.
    5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated
    study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries
    like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in
    Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the
    United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part
    in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three
    times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take
    naps.
    6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research
    suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during
    the study to judge the benefits for women.

    People who take regular afternoon naps _________.
    A: where fewer pepole die from heart problem
    B:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke
    C:would probably have lower rates of heart disease
    D:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself
    E:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way
    F:that napping is of great benefit to women too

    答案：C
    解析：
    由第二段后面两句可知，通过检查心脏病人的NT-proBNP水平，发现水平最高的病人 与水平最低的病人之间患心脏病的可能性相差近8倍。
    第三段说到，研究涉及的多是男性，并发现老年男性且患有糖尿病和高血压者 NT-proBNP的水平最高。
    由第四段的内容可知，其他研究者认为还要确认一些问题，如心脏病病人蛋白质水平 是否影响其治疗；他们还想知道更多的积极治疗能否减少病人得心脏病和中风的机会。
    第五段说到，地中海国家的成年人普遍都午睡，而且患心脏病的几率较低。哈佛大学 和雅典大学的研究证明，每周午睡三次，每次30分钟的人比完全不午睡的人死于心脏病的几 率低37％。
    答案来源于第一段的第二、三句。
    答案来源于第三段第一句。
    答案来源于第五段第一、二句和该段最后一句。
    答案来源于第三段第二句和文章的最后一句。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本篇文章主要讲述了普通感冒的传播特点及其预防和治疗。

  • 第3题：

    共用题干
    Napping to a Healthier Heart?

    1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is
    likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people
    with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about
    four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart
    disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more
    likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart
    muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for
    sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP
    were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
    4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart
    disease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive
    treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the
    Journal of the American Medical Association.
    5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated
    study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries
    like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in
    Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the
    United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part
    in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three
    times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take
    naps.
    6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research
    suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during
    the study to judge the benefits for women.

    So far there have not been definite data to confirm _______.
    A: where fewer pepole die from heart problem
    B:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke
    C:would probably have lower rates of heart disease
    D:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself
    E:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way
    F:that napping is of great benefit to women too

    答案：F
    解析：
    由第二段后面两句可知，通过检查心脏病人的NT-proBNP水平，发现水平最高的病人 与水平最低的病人之间患心脏病的可能性相差近8倍。
    第三段说到，研究涉及的多是男性，并发现老年男性且患有糖尿病和高血压者 NT-proBNP的水平最高。
    由第四段的内容可知，其他研究者认为还要确认一些问题，如心脏病病人蛋白质水平 是否影响其治疗；他们还想知道更多的积极治疗能否减少病人得心脏病和中风的机会。
    第五段说到，地中海国家的成年人普遍都午睡，而且患心脏病的几率较低。哈佛大学 和雅典大学的研究证明，每周午睡三次，每次30分钟的人比完全不午睡的人死于心脏病的几 率低37％。
    答案来源于第一段的第二、三句。
    答案来源于第三段第一句。
    答案来源于第五段第一、二句和该段最后一句。
    答案来源于第三段第二句和文章的最后一句。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本篇文章主要讲述了普通感冒的传播特点及其预防和治疗。

  • 第4题：

    共用题干
    Napping to a Healthier Heart?
    1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
    4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
    5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
    6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

    So far there have not been definite data to confirm______.
    A:where fewer people die from heart problem
    B:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke
    C:would probably have lower rates of heart disease
    D:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself
    E:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way
    F:that napping is of great benefit to women too

    答案：F
    解析：
    第二段主要介绍了加利福尼亚大学一个团队所进行的研究。通过检查心脏病人的NT-proBNP水平，发现水平最高的病人与水平最低的病人之间患心脏病的可能性相差近8倍。
    第三段说到，研究涉及的多是男性，并发现年老且患有糖尿病或高血压者NT-proBNP的水平最高。
    由第四段的内容可知，其他研究者认为还要确认一些问题，如心脏病病人的蛋白质水平是否影响其治疗；他们还想知道更多的积极治疗能否减少病人得心脏病或中风的机会。
    第五段说到，地中海国家的成年人普遍都午睡，而且患心脏病的几率较低。哈佛大学和雅典大学的研究证明，每周午睡三次，每次30分钟的人比完全不午睡的人死于心脏病的几率低37%。
    由第一段最后两句可知，研究人员检测血液中蛋白质的水平，他们称血液中这种蛋白质水平高的人得心脏病或中风的几率高，故选B。
    由第三段第一句可知，血液中含有高浓度的该种蛋白质证明心肌受到了压迫。
    由文章第五段的内容可知，定期午睡的人患心脏病的几率更低。
    由第三段第二句和文章的最后一句可知，研究对象多为男性，并且由于在调查期间女性研究对象死亡的并不多，所以无法判断午睡对女性的影响。

  • 第5题：

    共用题干
    Stomach Ulcer
    Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people.Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers.They could not cure them.Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers.This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain.Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life.So a possible cure is good news for many people.
    Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears.These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach,the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines.Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer.How does a person know he or she has an ulcer?Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach.This pain often is called heart burn.It usually happens before eating or during the night.It causes some people to lose their desire to eat,or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs.Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids,which damaged stomach tissue.Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H.Pillorie.H.Pillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid.Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics.Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs.They also believe curing ui- cers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer.The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan,Southeast Asia and parts of Africa.
    Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if his or her family has had one.In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other peo-ple.There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer.Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach.To do this,doctors say,people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol.And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.

    Now doctors can successfully cure stomach ulcers.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案：B
    解析：
    阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。
    【解析】
    题干意为“过去医生对于胃溃疡是无能为力”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短 语in the past, doctors作为定位线索，在第一段找到相关句：Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers.They could not cure them．相关句意为“医生一直能够帮助减少溃疡造成的痛苦。但是他们不能治愈胃溃疡这种疾病”，由此可见在过去医生虽然不能治愈胃溃疡，但也能对这种疾病进行治疗，因此题干陈述的意义与短文内容不一致。该题主要考查对时态意义的理解：相关句使用了现在完成时态，这表明“减少胃溃疡造成的疼痛（即治疗胃溃疡）”是从过去持续到现在的动作，这也就说明在过去就能对胃溃疡进行治疗。
    题干意为“现在医生能成功地治愈胃溃疡” 该句在句意上与上题有关：一个说过去的情况，一个说现在的情况，因此从上一题的相关句的位置往下找该题相关句，同时关注题干中的细节信息词now , doctors，题干中出现的修饰词successfully在查找相关句的过程中也 需要关注，这样在第一段找到相关句：Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers.This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain．该句意为“现在医生们已经发现了溃疡的一种致病原因。这就意味着他们可能已经找到一种方法来治疗那些遭受到胃痛困扰的人”，由此不难看出题干与该句的内容不一致：题干在肯定地陈述一个事实：能成功治愈胃溃疡；短文说只是可能：“可能找到治疗方法”，即现在治愈胃溃疡只是一种可能（提示：混淆 “可能性”和“事实”是阅读判断题中“错误”这个答案选项常见的出题形式）。
    题干意为“有些人可能在一生中的某个时候遭受胃溃疡这种疾病的困扰”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语some people, at some time in their life作为定位线索，这样在 第一段中找到该题相关句：Studies show that ten percent of the population（与some people 呼应）will develop an ulcer at some time in their life．该句意为“研究显示10%的人在他们一生中的某个时候可能遭受胃溃疡的困扰”。很明显，这与题干意义一致。
    题干意为“经过多年的实验后医生已经发现了溃疡的一种致病原因”。利用 题干中的细节信息词/短语doctors, a cause of ulcers,after many years of experiments作为定 位线索，在第一段找到涉及到doctor和a cause of ulcers相关的句子：Now doctors have dis-covered a cause of ulcers．该句没有提到many years of experiments“许多年的试验”，而短文中的其他部分也没有出现many years of experiments，由此可见“是否医生们是经过许多年的试验后才发现溃疡的一种致病原因”是无法从短文中了解到的信息，因此题干陈述的信息是短文中未提及的信息（提示：题干中只要有一部分信息是短文中未提及的信息，就可以由此判断题干陈述的信息是短文中未提及的信息）。
    题干意为“医生对胃溃疡的致病原因的理解已经有了变化”。利用题干中的 细节信息词/短语change, doctors's understanding, the cause of stomach ulcer作为定位线 索，这样找到相关句：Doctors believed（与 doctors' understanding呼应）that ulcers were caused（与the cause of stomach ulcer)by unusually strong stomach fluids,which damaged stomach tissue.Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused（与the cause of stom- ach ulcer)by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H.Pillorie．这两个句子提到“医生过去认为溃疡是由胃里超强的液体流动造成的。现在他们发现大多数的胃溃疡是由细菌造成的……”，这两个句子通过陈述医生们过去对溃疡的理解和现在对溃疡的理解来说明医生对溃疡的理解已经有了变化，很明显，题干意义就是对这两个相关句意义的概括（提示：有的题干是对短文中相关句子意义的概括总结）。
    题干意为“胃溃疡会导致胃癌”。利用题干中的细节信息短语stomach cancer 作为定位线索词，这样在第二段的结尾部分找到相关句：They also believe curing ulcers will re- duce the number of people who develop stomach cancer．该句意为“他们认为治愈溃疡能够减少患胃癌的人数”，由此可知胃溃疡是造成胃癌的一个原因，题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
    题干意为“喜欢吃辛辣食物的人容易患胃溃疡”。利用题干中的细节信息短语a lot of spicy food作为定位线索，结果发现短文中根本没有谈到spicy food，由此可知短文中根本没有涉及到辛辣食物和胃溃疡之间的关系，因此无法依据短文判断出是否喜欢吃辛辣食物的人容易患胃溃疡，由此判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。

  • 第6题：

    共用题干
    Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart
    According to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the
    hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine
    examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.
    They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then
    compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the
    stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The
    patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运）
    more blood than the others.
    According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could
    revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a
    benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the
    failing heart work better．
    All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The
    scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart
    performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心
    室）.
    Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction of
    under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the
    patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the
    damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those
    who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.
    No side effects were reported.
    Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000
    people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart
    failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.
    Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs
    the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.

    Heart failure is more common in the UK than anywhere else in the world.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案：C
    解析：

  • 第7题：

    共用题干
    Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart
    According to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the
    hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine
    examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.
    They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then
    compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the
    stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The
    patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运）
    more blood than the others.
    According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could
    revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a
    benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the
    failing heart work better．
    All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The
    scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart
    performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心
    室）.
    Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction of
    under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the
    patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the
    damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those
    who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.
    No side effects were reported.
    Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000
    people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart
    failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.
    Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs
    the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.

    Stem cell therapy seems to have great prospects.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案：A
    解析：

  • 第8题：

    共用题干
    Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
    German researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.
    In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3___by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at risk are pa- tients who have___4___suffered a heart attack,and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___ 5___ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automat-ically by intervening within seconds. These devices___6___ a range of functions,such as that of pacemaker.
    Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator ___7___of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8___blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data___9___.
    The overwhelming___10___of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only ___11___ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are,however,making use___12___ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,”
    Hagen Knaf says,“___ 13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and indi- vidual variations in patients taken into account.”An old study of ECG data,based___14___ 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show___15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.

    5._________
    A: disease-producing
    B: health-improving
    C: life-threatening
    D: error-correcting

    答案：C
    解析：
    come up with有“引起，产生，发明”的意思，符合上下文的意义。所以答案为B。
    Protection后面跟介词from或against，意为“起保护作用以免于……”，其他介词均不合适。所以答案为D。
    此处的谓语动词必须使用被动语态，因为主语many of those Cases指的是“病人”, “病例”，那就应该是“被引起的”，所以答案为A。
    此处需要填的副词应该表示“已经”，完成时态的谓语已经起了提示作用。所以答案为D。
    从上下文看，只有C项“威胁生命”合适。
    take on表示“承担”，符合上下文意思，其他三个选项分别为“接受，接收 (A项）”,“效仿（B项）”和“消减（D项）”。所以答案为C。
    A和B均有“能够”的意思，但用法不同：capable of(doing)sth./able to do sth.，所以答案为A。
    上下文的意思是“……的血液流通问题和即将发生的心脏病”，后面这一部分为前面这个空格暗示了必须填入B项acute。
    前面谓语动词renders的意思相当于make，后面要接复合宾语，这里缺少一个宾语补足语，因此只有D是答案。
    A和B分别指最大量，最小量或最高值，最低值，而选项C和选项D则指多数和少数，由于前面已有overwhelming（压倒性的）提示，所以只能选C项majority。
    take…into account是固定短语，意为“考虑，重视”。所以答案为B。
    make use of是固定短语，意义为“利用”。所以答案为A。
    四个选项中A和B均是“同样地”,C位于句首对表示“否则的话”，这些与上下文所要表达的意义均不吻合，因为前面并没有提到什么方法可以作比较，因此答案为D 项In the way“用这种方法”。
    base sth.on/upon是固定短语，表示“把……建立在……基础上”，此处用过去分词的短语作为old Study的定语。所以答案为C。
    此处空白需要填上一个能引导宾语从句的连接词，从宾语从句的结构来看，它的句子是完整的，所以只需填that作为连接词就可以了。所以答案为C。

  • 第9题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Shift Work Link to Increased Risk of Heart Problems

    Shift workers are slightly more at risk of having a heart attack or stroke than day workers,research suggests.
    An analysis of studies involving more than 2 million workers in the British Medical Journal said shift
    work can disrupt the body clock and have a negative effect on lifestyle.It has previously been linked to an
    increased risk of high blood pressure and diabetes.
    Limiting night shifts would help workers cope,experts said.
    The team of researchers from Canada and Norway analyzed 34 studies.In total,there were 17,359
    coronary events of some kind,including cardiac arrests,6,598 heart attacks and 1,854 strokes caused by
    lack of blood to the brain.These events were more common in shift workers than in other people.
    The BMJ study calculated that shift work was linked to a 23%increased risk of heart attack,24%
    increased risk of coronary event and 5%increased risk of stroke.But they also said shift work was not linked
    to increased mortality rates from heart problems and that the relative risks associated with heart problems
    were"modest".
    Dan Hackam,associate professor at Western University,London, Ontario in Canada,said shift workers
    were more prone to sleeping and eating badly."Night shift workers are up all the time and they don't have
    a defined rest period.They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like
    obesity and cholesterol,"he said.
    The authors say that screening programs could help identify and treat risk factors for shift workers,such
    as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.They add that shift workers could also be educated about what
    symptoms to look out for,which might indicate early heart problems.
    Jane White,research and information services manager at the Institution of Occupational Safety and
    Health,said there were complex issues surrounding shift work."It can result in disturbed appetite and
    digestion,reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants,as well as social and domestic problems."These can
    affect performance,increase the likelihood of errors and accidents at work,and even have a negative effect
    on health.She said the effects of shift work needed to be well managed.
    "Avoiding permanent night shifts,limiting shifts to a maximum of 12 hours and ensuring workers have a
    minimum of two full nights'sleep between day and night shifts are simple,practical solutions that can help
    people to cope with shift work."

    From Paragraph Six it can be inferred that_________.
    A:shift workers have no good food to eat
    B:shift workers don't know how to define rest period
    C:a worker of high cholesterol level is likely to suffer more from shift work
    D:shift workers have no place to sleep comfortably

    答案：C
    解析：
    由文章第一段的内容可知，进行轮班工作的人心脏病发作和中风的几率比仅在白天工作的人稍微高点，并非很多，故A为正确答案。
    prevent的意思为“防止，阻止······的发生”;control的意思为“控制”;cut off的意思为 “中断，终止”;throw into disorder的意思为“扰乱······，使不正常”。disrupt的意思为“扰乱”, 和throw into disorder的意思接近。故D为正确答案。
    由文章第八段的第二句“It can result in disturbed appetite and digestion, reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants, as well as social and domestic problems.”可知，A、B、C三项都是进行 轮班工作的坏处，故选D。
    由第六段的最后一句中“They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like obesity and cholesterol”可知，夜班工作对肥胖和胆固醇疾病不利，也就是说， 有此两种疾病的人不适合进行轮班工作。其余各项都没能正确理解原文的意思。
    通读文章可知，本篇文章主要是针对轮班工作者的健康问题进行了专门的探讨，这篇 文章最可能出现在健康杂志上，故B为正确答案。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了大量发展中国家的艾滋病患者由于没有得治疗而死去的事情。文章指 出应加强对艾滋病患者的救治，并提出了三种具体的救治办法。

  • 第10题：

    共用题干
    Stomach Ulcer
    Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers. They could not cure them.Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers .This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain.
    Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people.
    Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears.These wounds can
    harm the tissue in the stomach,the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines .Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer? Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach .This pain often is called heart burn. It usually happens before eating or during the night. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat,or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs.
    Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids,which damaged stomach tissue. Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H .Pillorie .H .Pillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid.Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics .Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs. They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan,Southeast Asia and parts of Africa.
    Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if his or her family has had one.In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer. Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach .To do this,doctors say,people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.

    Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life.
    A:.Right
    B: Wrong
    C:.Not mentioned

    答案：A
    解析：
    题意：过去，医生对治疗胃溃疡无能为力。根据文章第一段第二句Doctors…lesson the pain of ulcers可知医生已经能够帮助减少溃疡造成的痛苦，所以题干叙述错误，故本题选B。


    题意：现在，医生能成功地治愈胃溃疡。根据文章第一段第五句…they may have found a way to cure people…和最后一句a possible cure…可知，医生可能发现了治疗方法，这种方法是a possible cure，所以题干叙述错误，故本题选B。


    题意：有些人可能会在人生的某个阶段患胃溃疡。根据文章第一段倒数第二句…ten percent… develop an ulcer at some time in their life可知，有10％的人可能会在人生的某个阶段患胃溃疡。所以题干叙述正确。故本题选A。


    题意：医生们经过多年的实验发才发现了造成溃疡的原因。文章并未提及many years of experiments，故本题选C。


    题意：对造成胃溃疡的原因，医生们的看法有了变化。根据文章第二段第八、九句Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by…Now they have discovered that…可知，医生们过去认为胃溃疡是由浓胃液损失胃组织引起的，而现在他们发现大部分胃溃疡是由 细菌造成的。所以题干叙述正确。故本题选A。


    题意：胃溃疡能导致胃癌。根据文章第二段倒数第二句…reduce the number of…stomach cancer可知，医生们相信治愈胃溃疡能降低患胃癌的人数，由此推断题干叙述正确。故本题选A。


    题意：吃辛辣食物多的人易患胃溃疡。文章中没有提及spicy food，故本题选C。

  • 第11题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    The Relationship between IQ and Being a Vegetarian

    A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-
    ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a
    higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The
    study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.
    Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一
    although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.
    Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female
    vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores
    between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.
    Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained
    statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.
    Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or
    vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual
    income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.
    Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to
    report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on
    heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of
    coronary heart disease in adult life."
    But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Do
    pcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to be
    more aware of health issues?

    What's the result of the research mentioned in the text?
    A:Intelligent children are more likely to become vegetarians later in life.
    B:Children with a higher IQ are less likely to have heart disease later in life.
    C:Intelligent children tend to belong to higher social class later in life.
    D:Children with a healthier heart tend to have a higher IQ later in life.

    答案：A
    解析：
    根据第一段第一句话“people who were vegetarians by 30 had ricorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10”可知聪明的孩子长大后更有可能成为素食主义者，因此A项正确。 根据第一段第二句“it could explain why...”可知这一结果可帮助解释B项中的现象。但B项并 非这次研究的结果。C、D选项并未在文中提及。因此该题正确答案为A。
    根据第二段可知，他们本身就是素食主义者，而并不是二十年后才成为素食主义者。 故A选项表述错误。根据第三段第二句“There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.”可知严格 的素食主义者和那些吃鱼或者鸡的素食主义者的智力没有差别，故B项表述与原文一致。根 据第五段可知素食主义者与非素食主义者的差别井未体现在年收入上，因此C项与D项均表 述错误。据此分析该题正确答案为B。
    浏览四个备选项可知该题主要考查素食主义者与非素食主义者的差别。通读全文可 知第五段讨论的正是两者的差别。通读该段，可知A、B、D三个选项与原文表述一致，D选项 中的professional是原文vocational的同义替换。C选项与原文表述不符。因此该题目正确答 案为C。
    根据题目中关键词Catharine Gale，可快速定位到第六段。通读该段可知Catharinc Gale 只是客观地讲述研究结果，并没有表示自己的立场。故D项objective（客观的）为正确答案。
    文章最后一句的意思是：人们成为素食主义者是因为他们智商高还是因为他们足够聪 明而更注意健康问题？由此可见Dr Frankie Phillip。认为素食和高智商的因果关系尚末明确， 就像弄不清楚是因为有蛋才有鸡，还是因为有鸡才有蛋一样。故C项为该题正确答案。第二篇 本文的主要内容是：要了解大自然知何回应气候变化需要监侧生命周期中的关健事件——开花、长叶、春天的第一阵蛙鸣——在世界范围内。但是数量有限的科学家的足连不可能遍及天下， 为了广泛收集数据以研究动植物随着气候变化会如何反应，科学家正求助于“公民科学家”。

  • 第12题：

    问答题
    1)The original insight that people could be classified into Type A and Type B personalities and that Type A’s were more heart-attack prone1 grew out of research at the Framingham Heart Study laboratories in the late 1970s.　　Dr. Peter Wilson, director of the Framingham laboratories, agreed in a telephone interview last week that since the early studies, the AB issue has been getting weaker. 2)A large prospective study2 (in which people are followed for years before years before they get sick) last year showed the A-B behavior distinction was not associated with coronary artery disease.Now researchers are thinking in terms of “anger in” vs. “anger out” as the latest area of concern.　　Behavioral epidemiologist Elaine Eaker at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, one of the nation’s foremost scholars of correlations between behavior and heart disease, agrees in principle.　　“There is no epidemiological evidence on hostility alone, but anger has been linked to CHD (coronary heart disease) events weakly for white collar men and more strongly for women in clerical jobs,” she said last week.　　“The Type A concept is still viable because it has been a predictor of heart disease in at least two long-term studies. But recent research has shown that how you cope with anger may be the new coronary prone behavior of the future. And it’s tough to cope with anger,” she added.　　3)Since holding anger inside may lead to heart trouble and since acting it out by having temper tantrums is highly antisocial, Eaker says researchers now advocate maturely “discussing” anger—either with the person who makes you angry or with a friend—as the most constructive method of dealing with explosive feelings.　　4)Since the early Type A studies, researchers have been attempting to fine-tune the ways in which they can identify a person as Type A or Type B, not an easy task since people often deny or are actually unaware of some facets of their personalities and hence can not be asked point-blank if they are angry or impatient by nature .　　Dimsdale used both pencil-and-paper questionnaires and a “semi-structured” interview technique to identify Type A personalities among heart patients.　　In the interviews, he explained, “you ask questions slowly and sometimes even in a stammer and then see how rapidly the person will finish the sentence for you.” People who rush to answer are usually highly impatient and impatience has long been considered a major component of Type A behavior.　　5)Yet, no matter whether he used the self-report questionnaires or the more subtle interview technique, people identified as The A’s did not fare worse than the others.

    正确答案：
    (1)【答案】人类可划分为A型和B型性格以及A型性格的人更易患心脏病——这一独特见解是70年代末期弗拉明汉心脏研究实验室的研究结果。
    【解析】本句是一个主从复合句。句中包含两个that引导的同位语从句以说明insight的内容,且两个从句由and连接。翻译同位语从句时,当从句内容较长时,可先将其解释的内容翻译出来,之后补充要说明的对象。“be classified into”表示“被分为…”,“grow out”指“产生”。prone“有…倾向的,易于…的”。
    (2)【答案】去年的一项大规模前瞻性研究(其间对很多人患病前观察数年)表明,A-B型的行为差异与冠心病没有什么联系。
    【解析】本句是一个主从复合句,括号里的内容做定语修饰“study”,本句谓语是showed,宾语是that引导的从句“the A-B…artery disease”且省略that。宾语从句是被动语态,翻译时将其处理为主动语态以符合汉语习惯。“be associated with”表示“与…相关联”。prospective“预期的,展望的”。
    (3)【答案】既然生闷气可引起心脏病,而靠发泄一通来消气又很可能产生不良社会效果,埃克说,现在研究人员提倡把“恼怒”说出来,平心静气地(或者同惹你生气的人,或者同一位朋友)进行“讨论”。这可以作为对付暴躁脾气的最积极的办法。
    【解析】本句句子很长,但结构较为简单。and连接两个since引导的原因状语从句。破折号中间是插入语说明“discussing” anger的对象。本句宾语较长,可采用拆句法,即先将method的内容翻译出来,之后再说明这是一种好的方法。“either…or”表示“或者…或者”。“lead to”意思是“导致”,“deal with”表示“解决,对付”。antisocial“不擅社交的,非社交的”
    (4)【答案】自从早期的A型性格研究以来,研究人员一直试图改进他们鉴别某人为A型或B型性格的方式,但这并不是一件轻松的事,因为人们常常断然否认或者实际上并没有意识到他们性格上的某些方面,因而不宜直截了当地问他们是否天生爱生气或者急躁。
    【解析】本句是一个主从复合句。首先是since引导的时间状语从句,接着是主句,主句中包含in which引导的定语从句修饰ways,最后一部分是对主句的补充说明,其中该部分是since连接的表示因果关系的句子。翻译定语从句时可将其前置位于修饰的名词之前。 “if…or”连接在asked后面表示“是否”。fine-tune“进行微调,调整”,point-blank“直截了当的”。
    (5)【答案】然而,无论他使用要病人自己填写调查表的方法,还是采取更微妙的面谈技巧,被鉴定为A型性格的人的情况并不比其他人糟糕。
    【解析】“no matter…interview technique”做状语,过去分词短语“identified…”作定语修饰people。questionnaire“调查表”。
    解析： 暂无解析

  • 第13题：

    共用题干
    Napping to a Healthier Heart?
    1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
    4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
    5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
    6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

    If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP______.
    A:where fewer people die from heart problem
    B:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke
    C:would probably have lower rates of heart disease
    D:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself
    E:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way
    F:that napping is of great benefit to women too

    答案：E
    解析：
    第二段主要介绍了加利福尼亚大学一个团队所进行的研究。通过检查心脏病人的NT-proBNP水平，发现水平最高的病人与水平最低的病人之间患心脏病的可能性相差近8倍。
    第三段说到，研究涉及的多是男性，并发现年老且患有糖尿病或高血压者NT-proBNP的水平最高。
    由第四段的内容可知，其他研究者认为还要确认一些问题，如心脏病病人的蛋白质水平是否影响其治疗；他们还想知道更多的积极治疗能否减少病人得心脏病或中风的机会。
    第五段说到，地中海国家的成年人普遍都午睡，而且患心脏病的几率较低。哈佛大学和雅典大学的研究证明，每周午睡三次，每次30分钟的人比完全不午睡的人死于心脏病的几率低37%。
    由第一段最后两句可知，研究人员检测血液中蛋白质的水平，他们称血液中这种蛋白质水平高的人得心脏病或中风的几率高，故选B。
    由第三段第一句可知，血液中含有高浓度的该种蛋白质证明心肌受到了压迫。
    由文章第五段的内容可知，定期午睡的人患心脏病的几率更低。
    由第三段第二句和文章的最后一句可知，研究对象多为男性，并且由于在调查期间女性研究对象死亡的并不多，所以无法判断午睡对女性的影响。

  • 第14题：

    共用题干
    Most Adults in U.S.Have Low Risk of Heart Disease
    More than 80 percent of U .S.adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart dis- ease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiolo-gy（心脏病学）.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.
    “I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary（心脏冠状动脉的）heart disease is distributed in the U. S. population ,” lead（带头的）author Dr. Earl S. Ford , from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.
    The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age , who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition（营养的供给）Examination Sur- vey from 1988 to 1994.
    Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent,
    The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.
    Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have a high or immediate risk,Dr. Daniel S .Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medi- cal Center in Los Angeles,and Dr. Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.
    Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add.

    Which of the following statements is NOT right?
    A:The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most U.S.adult.
    B: Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.
    C: Women have a higher risk of heart disease than man.
    D: The distribution of the risk of heart disease are hardly related to race.

    答案：C
    解析：
    文章首段提到就提到美国80％以上的成年人未来十年内患心脏病的风险低于 10%，故A项正确；由第五段最后一句话“By contrast , race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.”可知种族对患病风险的分布影响很小，故D项正确；由第五段“The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group.”可知实验对象年龄越大，在高风险组中所占的比例也越大，男人进入该组的可能性也大于女性，故B项正确，C项错误。
    由第四段“Overall , 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent , 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.”可知，美国80％以上的成年人未来十年内患心脏病的风险低于10% ,15％的成年人未来患心脏病的风险介于10％～20% ,3％的成年人患心脏病的风险在20％以上。故选A。
    题干问的是下列哪个选项对患病风险的分布影响最小。由文中第五段可知，心脏病的患病风险的分布与年龄和性别有很大的关系，种族对患病风险事物分布影响很小，D项“血型”在文中没有提及，故排除。故选C。
    由文中原句“15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent”可知，15％的成年人未来十年内患心脏病的风险介于10%～20%，故选C。注意文中的几个百分数不要弄混淆了
    两位科学家讲到，尽管大多数成年人10年内患心脏病的风险较低，但在有风险者中，很大一部分所面临的风险却是很高或者刻不容缓的，故只有采取积极的治疗措施和公共卫生政策（Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed）才能降低所有人群患病的风险概率。

  • 第15题：

    共用题干
    Napping to a Healthier Heart?
    1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
    3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
    4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
    5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
    6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

    People who take regular afternoon naps______.
    A:where fewer people die from heart problem
    B:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke
    C:would probably have lower rates of heart disease
    D:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself
    E:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way
    F:that napping is of great benefit to women too

    答案：C
    解析：
    第二段主要介绍了加利福尼亚大学一个团队所进行的研究。通过检查心脏病人的NT-proBNP水平，发现水平最高的病人与水平最低的病人之间患心脏病的可能性相差近8倍。
    第三段说到，研究涉及的多是男性，并发现年老且患有糖尿病或高血压者NT-proBNP的水平最高。
    由第四段的内容可知，其他研究者认为还要确认一些问题，如心脏病病人的蛋白质水平是否影响其治疗；他们还想知道更多的积极治疗能否减少病人得心脏病或中风的机会。
    第五段说到，地中海国家的成年人普遍都午睡，而且患心脏病的几率较低。哈佛大学和雅典大学的研究证明，每周午睡三次，每次30分钟的人比完全不午睡的人死于心脏病的几率低37%。
    由第一段最后两句可知，研究人员检测血液中蛋白质的水平，他们称血液中这种蛋白质水平高的人得心脏病或中风的几率高，故选B。
    由第三段第一句可知，血液中含有高浓度的该种蛋白质证明心肌受到了压迫。
    由文章第五段的内容可知，定期午睡的人患心脏病的几率更低。
    由第三段第二句和文章的最后一句可知，研究对象多为男性，并且由于在调查期间女性研究对象死亡的并不多，所以无法判断午睡对女性的影响。

  • 第16题：

    共用题干
    Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
    German researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.
    In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3___by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at risk are pa- tients who have___4___suffered a heart attack,and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___ 5___ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automat-ically by intervening within seconds. These devices___6___ a range of functions,such as that of pacemaker.
    Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator ___7___of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8___blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data___9___.
    The overwhelming___10___of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only ___11___ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are,however,making use___12___ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,”
    Hagen Knaf says,“___ 13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and indi- vidual variations in patients taken into account.”An old study of ECG data,based___14___ 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show___15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.

    8._________
    A: chronic
    B: acute
    C: recurrent
    D: persistent

    答案：B
    解析：
    come up with有“引起，产生，发明”的意思，符合上下文的意义。所以答案为B。
    Protection后面跟介词from或against，意为“起保护作用以免于……”，其他介词均不合适。所以答案为D。
    此处的谓语动词必须使用被动语态，因为主语many of those Cases指的是“病人”, “病例”，那就应该是“被引起的”，所以答案为A。
    此处需要填的副词应该表示“已经”，完成时态的谓语已经起了提示作用。所以答案为D。
    从上下文看，只有C项“威胁生命”合适。
    take on表示“承担”，符合上下文意思，其他三个选项分别为“接受，接收 (A项）”,“效仿（B项）”和“消减（D项）”。所以答案为C。
    A和B均有“能够”的意思，但用法不同：capable of(doing)sth./able to do sth.，所以答案为A。
    上下文的意思是“……的血液流通问题和即将发生的心脏病”，后面这一部分为前面这个空格暗示了必须填入B项acute。
    前面谓语动词renders的意思相当于make，后面要接复合宾语，这里缺少一个宾语补足语，因此只有D是答案。
    A和B分别指最大量，最小量或最高值，最低值，而选项C和选项D则指多数和少数，由于前面已有overwhelming（压倒性的）提示，所以只能选C项majority。
    take…into account是固定短语，意为“考虑，重视”。所以答案为B。
    make use of是固定短语，意义为“利用”。所以答案为A。
    四个选项中A和B均是“同样地”,C位于句首对表示“否则的话”，这些与上下文所要表达的意义均不吻合，因为前面并没有提到什么方法可以作比较，因此答案为D 项In the way“用这种方法”。
    base sth.on/upon是固定短语，表示“把……建立在……基础上”，此处用过去分词的短语作为old Study的定语。所以答案为C。
    此处空白需要填上一个能引导宾语从句的连接词，从宾语从句的结构来看，它的句子是完整的，所以只需填that作为连接词就可以了。所以答案为C。

  • 第17题：

    共用题干
    Stomach Ulcer
    Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people.Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers.They could not cure them.Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers.This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain.Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life.So a possible cure is good news for many people.
    Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears.These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach,the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines.Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer.How does a person know he or she has an ulcer?Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach.This pain often is called heart burn.It usually happens before eating or during the night.It causes some people to lose their desire to eat,or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs.Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids,which damaged stomach tissue.Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H.Pillorie.H.Pillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid.Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics.Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs.They also believe curing ui- cers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer.The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan,Southeast Asia and parts of Africa.
    Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if his or her family has had one.In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other peo-ple.There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer.Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach.To do this,doctors say,people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol.And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.

    Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案：A
    解析：
    阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。
    【解析】
    题干意为“过去医生对于胃溃疡是无能为力”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短 语in the past, doctors作为定位线索，在第一段找到相关句：Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers.They could not cure them．相关句意为“医生一直能够帮助减少溃疡造成的痛苦。但是他们不能治愈胃溃疡这种疾病”，由此可见在过去医生虽然不能治愈胃溃疡，但也能对这种疾病进行治疗，因此题干陈述的意义与短文内容不一致。该题主要考查对时态意义的理解：相关句使用了现在完成时态，这表明“减少胃溃疡造成的疼痛（即治疗胃溃疡）”是从过去持续到现在的动作，这也就说明在过去就能对胃溃疡进行治疗。
    题干意为“现在医生能成功地治愈胃溃疡” 该句在句意上与上题有关：一个说过去的情况，一个说现在的情况，因此从上一题的相关句的位置往下找该题相关句，同时关注题干中的细节信息词now , doctors，题干中出现的修饰词successfully在查找相关句的过程中也 需要关注，这样在第一段找到相关句：Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers.This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain．该句意为“现在医生们已经发现了溃疡的一种致病原因。这就意味着他们可能已经找到一种方法来治疗那些遭受到胃痛困扰的人”，由此不难看出题干与该句的内容不一致：题干在肯定地陈述一个事实：能成功治愈胃溃疡；短文说只是可能：“可能找到治疗方法”，即现在治愈胃溃疡只是一种可能（提示：混淆 “可能性”和“事实”是阅读判断题中“错误”这个答案选项常见的出题形式）。
    题干意为“有些人可能在一生中的某个时候遭受胃溃疡这种疾病的困扰”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语some people, at some time in their life作为定位线索，这样在 第一段中找到该题相关句：Studies show that ten percent of the population（与some people 呼应）will develop an ulcer at some time in their life．该句意为“研究显示10%的人在他们一生中的某个时候可能遭受胃溃疡的困扰”。很明显，这与题干意义一致。
    题干意为“经过多年的实验后医生已经发现了溃疡的一种致病原因”。利用 题干中的细节信息词/短语doctors, a cause of ulcers,after many years of experiments作为定 位线索，在第一段找到涉及到doctor和a cause of ulcers相关的句子：Now doctors have dis-covered a cause of ulcers．该句没有提到many years of experiments“许多年的试验”，而短文中的其他部分也没有出现many years of experiments，由此可见“是否医生们是经过许多年的试验后才发现溃疡的一种致病原因”是无法从短文中了解到的信息，因此题干陈述的信息是短文中未提及的信息（提示：题干中只要有一部分信息是短文中未提及的信息，就可以由此判断题干陈述的信息是短文中未提及的信息）。
    题干意为“医生对胃溃疡的致病原因的理解已经有了变化”。利用题干中的 细节信息词/短语change, doctors's understanding, the cause of stomach ulcer作为定位线 索，这样找到相关句：Doctors believed（与 doctors' understanding呼应）that ulcers were caused（与the cause of stomach ulcer)by unusually strong stomach fluids,which damaged stomach tissue.Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused（与the cause of stom- ach ulcer)by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H.Pillorie．这两个句子提到“医生过去认为溃疡是由胃里超强的液体流动造成的。现在他们发现大多数的胃溃疡是由细菌造成的……”，这两个句子通过陈述医生们过去对溃疡的理解和现在对溃疡的理解来说明医生对溃疡的理解已经有了变化，很明显，题干意义就是对这两个相关句意义的概括（提示：有的题干是对短文中相关句子意义的概括总结）。
    题干意为“胃溃疡会导致胃癌”。利用题干中的细节信息短语stomach cancer 作为定位线索词，这样在第二段的结尾部分找到相关句：They also believe curing ulcers will re- duce the number of people who develop stomach cancer．该句意为“他们认为治愈溃疡能够减少患胃癌的人数”，由此可知胃溃疡是造成胃癌的一个原因，题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
    题干意为“喜欢吃辛辣食物的人容易患胃溃疡”。利用题干中的细节信息短语a lot of spicy food作为定位线索，结果发现短文中根本没有谈到spicy food，由此可知短文中根本没有涉及到辛辣食物和胃溃疡之间的关系，因此无法依据短文判断出是否喜欢吃辛辣食物的人容易患胃溃疡，由此判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。

  • 第18题：

    共用题干
    Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart
    According to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the
    hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine
    examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.
    They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then
    compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the
    stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The
    patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运）
    more blood than the others.
    According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could
    revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a
    benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the
    failing heart work better．
    All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The
    scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart
    performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心
    室）.
    Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction of
    under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the
    patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the
    damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those
    who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.
    No side effects were reported.
    Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000
    people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart
    failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.
    Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs
    the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.

    The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案：B
    解析：

  • 第19题：

    共用题干
    Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
    German researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.
    In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3___by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at risk are pa- tients who have___4___suffered a heart attack,and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___ 5___ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automat-ically by intervening within seconds. These devices___6___ a range of functions,such as that of pacemaker.
    Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator ___7___of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8___blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data___9___.
    The overwhelming___10___of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only ___11___ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are,however,making use___12___ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,”
    Hagen Knaf says,“___ 13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and indi- vidual variations in patients taken into account.”An old study of ECG data,based___14___ 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show___15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.

    3._________
    A: are caused
    B: caused
    C: are to cause
    D: have been causing

    答案：A
    解析：
    come up with有“引起，产生，发明”的意思，符合上下文的意义。所以答案为B。
    Protection后面跟介词from或against，意为“起保护作用以免于……”，其他介词均不合适。所以答案为D。
    此处的谓语动词必须使用被动语态，因为主语many of those Cases指的是“病人”, “病例”，那就应该是“被引起的”，所以答案为A。
    此处需要填的副词应该表示“已经”，完成时态的谓语已经起了提示作用。所以答案为D。
    从上下文看，只有C项“威胁生命”合适。
    take on表示“承担”，符合上下文意思，其他三个选项分别为“接受，接收 (A项）”,“效仿（B项）”和“消减（D项）”。所以答案为C。
    A和B均有“能够”的意思，但用法不同：capable of(doing)sth./able to do sth.，所以答案为A。
    上下文的意思是“……的血液流通问题和即将发生的心脏病”，后面这一部分为前面这个空格暗示了必须填入B项acute。
    前面谓语动词renders的意思相当于make，后面要接复合宾语，这里缺少一个宾语补足语，因此只有D是答案。
    A和B分别指最大量，最小量或最高值，最低值，而选项C和选项D则指多数和少数，由于前面已有overwhelming（压倒性的）提示，所以只能选C项majority。
    take…into account是固定短语，意为“考虑，重视”。所以答案为B。
    make use of是固定短语，意义为“利用”。所以答案为A。
    四个选项中A和B均是“同样地”,C位于句首对表示“否则的话”，这些与上下文所要表达的意义均不吻合，因为前面并没有提到什么方法可以作比较，因此答案为D 项In the way“用这种方法”。
    base sth.on/upon是固定短语，表示“把……建立在……基础上”，此处用过去分词的短语作为old Study的定语。所以答案为C。
    此处空白需要填上一个能引导宾语从句的连接词，从宾语从句的结构来看，它的句子是完整的，所以只需填that作为连接词就可以了。所以答案为C。

  • 第20题：

    共用题干
    Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
    German researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.
    In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3___by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at risk are pa- tients who have___4___suffered a heart attack,and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___ 5___ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automat-ically by intervening within seconds. These devices___6___ a range of functions,such as that of pacemaker.
    Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator ___7___of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8___blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data___9___.
    The overwhelming___10___of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only ___11___ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are,however,making use___12___ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,”
    Hagen Knaf says,“___ 13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and indi- vidual variations in patients taken into account.”An old study of ECG data,based___14___ 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show___15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.

    1._________
    A: come up
    B: come up with
    C: come up to
    D: come up against

    答案：B
    解析：
    come up with有“引起，产生，发明”的意思，符合上下文的意义。所以答案为B。
    Protection后面跟介词from或against，意为“起保护作用以免于……”，其他介词均不合适。所以答案为D。
    此处的谓语动词必须使用被动语态，因为主语many of those Cases指的是“病人”, “病例”，那就应该是“被引起的”，所以答案为A。
    此处需要填的副词应该表示“已经”，完成时态的谓语已经起了提示作用。所以答案为D。
    从上下文看，只有C项“威胁生命”合适。
    take on表示“承担”，符合上下文意思，其他三个选项分别为“接受，接收 (A项）”,“效仿（B项）”和“消减（D项）”。所以答案为C。
    A和B均有“能够”的意思，但用法不同：capable of(doing)sth./able to do sth.，所以答案为A。
    上下文的意思是“……的血液流通问题和即将发生的心脏病”，后面这一部分为前面这个空格暗示了必须填入B项acute。
    前面谓语动词renders的意思相当于make，后面要接复合宾语，这里缺少一个宾语补足语，因此只有D是答案。
    A和B分别指最大量，最小量或最高值，最低值，而选项C和选项D则指多数和少数，由于前面已有overwhelming（压倒性的）提示，所以只能选C项majority。
    take…into account是固定短语，意为“考虑，重视”。所以答案为B。
    make use of是固定短语，意义为“利用”。所以答案为A。
    四个选项中A和B均是“同样地”,C位于句首对表示“否则的话”，这些与上下文所要表达的意义均不吻合，因为前面并没有提到什么方法可以作比较，因此答案为D 项In the way“用这种方法”。
    base sth.on/upon是固定短语，表示“把……建立在……基础上”，此处用过去分词的短语作为old Study的定语。所以答案为C。
    此处空白需要填上一个能引导宾语从句的连接词，从宾语从句的结构来看，它的句子是完整的，所以只需填that作为连接词就可以了。所以答案为C。

  • 第21题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Human Heart can Make New Cells

    Solving a longstanding（为时甚久的）mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to
    generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows
    with age.
    The finding,published in the April 3rd issue of Science,could open a new path for the treatment of heart
    diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say.
    "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes（心肌细胞）,are renewed," said lead
    researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen,a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm,
    Sweden."It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we were born with
    or whether they could be renewed,"he said.
    "The process of renewing these cells changes over time,"Frisen added. In a 20-year-old,about 1
    percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year , but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only
    0.45 percent by age 75.
    "If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated,it may be potentially
    possible to develop pharmaceuticals（药物）that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after , for
    example,a heart attack,"Frisen said.
    That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
    "A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,."noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj,also from the
    Karolinska Institute."Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.
    "With this finding,scientists are opening the door to potential therapies（疗法）,to having ourselves heal
    ourselves,"Bhardwaj said."Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells
    make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."
    But barriers remain.According to Bhardwaj,scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell
    production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off,especially in older patients with
    heart failure.In addition,the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts一
    whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.

    The human heart stops producing cardiac cells ______.
    A:when a person becomes old
    B:as soon as a person gets sick
    C:immediately after a person is born
    D:once a person dies

    答案：D
    解析：
    根据第一段中“…the human heart continues to generate new cardiac（心脏的）cells throughout the life span”可知，在人的整个生命进程中，其心脏持续产生新的心肌细胞。言外之 意，这个过程直到生命结束才会停止。
    根据第二段中“The finding...could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases”可 知，这个研究成果将为心脏病的治疗开辟新的途径。因此C项符合题意。
    根据第四段中“…but the turnover（更替）rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75”可知，C项符合题意。
    根据倒数第三段中“Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying”可知，慢性心力衰 竭是由心肌细胞死亡导致的。因此A项符合题意。
    最后一句的大意是：另外，心脏产生的新细胞的数量是按照健康心脏估算的，而患病心脏的细胞更替率是否与健康心脏相同还不得而知。因此C项符合题意。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了远古冰人尸体的发现及对其的相关研究情况。

  • 第22题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    Shift Work Link to Increased Risk of Heart Problems

    Shift workers are slightly more at risk of having a heart attack or stroke than day workers,research suggests.
    An analysis of studies involving more than 2 million workers in the British Medical Journal said shift
    work can disrupt the body clock and have a negative effect on lifestyle.It has previously been linked to an
    increased risk of high blood pressure and diabetes.
    Limiting night shifts would help workers cope,experts said.
    The team of researchers from Canada and Norway analyzed 34 studies.In total,there were 17,359
    coronary events of some kind,including cardiac arrests,6,598 heart attacks and 1,854 strokes caused by
    lack of blood to the brain.These events were more common in shift workers than in other people.
    The BMJ study calculated that shift work was linked to a 23%increased risk of heart attack,24%
    increased risk of coronary event and 5%increased risk of stroke.But they also said shift work was not linked
    to increased mortality rates from heart problems and that the relative risks associated with heart problems
    were"modest".
    Dan Hackam,associate professor at Western University,London, Ontario in Canada,said shift workers
    were more prone to sleeping and eating badly."Night shift workers are up all the time and they don't have
    a defined rest period.They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like
    obesity and cholesterol,"he said.
    The authors say that screening programs could help identify and treat risk factors for shift workers,such
    as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.They add that shift workers could also be educated about what
    symptoms to look out for,which might indicate early heart problems.
    Jane White,research and information services manager at the Institution of Occupational Safety and
    Health,said there were complex issues surrounding shift work."It can result in disturbed appetite and
    digestion,reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants,as well as social and domestic problems."These can
    affect performance,increase the likelihood of errors and accidents at work,and even have a negative effect
    on health.She said the effects of shift work needed to be well managed.
    "Avoiding permanent night shifts,limiting shifts to a maximum of 12 hours and ensuring workers have a
    minimum of two full nights'sleep between day and night shifts are simple,practical solutions that can help
    people to cope with shift work."

    The underlined word"disrupt"in Paragraph Two can be replaced by_______.
    A:prevent
    B:control
    C:cut off
    D:throw into disorder

    答案：D
    解析：
    由文章第一段的内容可知，进行轮班工作的人心脏病发作和中风的几率比仅在白天工作的人稍微高点，并非很多，故A为正确答案。
    prevent的意思为“防止，阻止······的发生”;control的意思为“控制”;cut off的意思为 “中断，终止”;throw into disorder的意思为“扰乱······，使不正常”。disrupt的意思为“扰乱”, 和throw into disorder的意思接近。故D为正确答案。
    由文章第八段的第二句“It can result in disturbed appetite and digestion, reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants, as well as social and domestic problems.”可知，A、B、C三项都是进行 轮班工作的坏处，故选D。
    由第六段的最后一句中“They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like obesity and cholesterol”可知，夜班工作对肥胖和胆固醇疾病不利，也就是说， 有此两种疾病的人不适合进行轮班工作。其余各项都没能正确理解原文的意思。
    通读文章可知，本篇文章主要是针对轮班工作者的健康问题进行了专门的探讨，这篇 文章最可能出现在健康杂志上，故B为正确答案。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了大量发展中国家的艾滋病患者由于没有得治疗而死去的事情。文章指 出应加强对艾滋病患者的救治，并提出了三种具体的救治办法。

  • 第23题：

    问答题
    Practice 1　　Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfaction from what they do have twice the risk of dying from heart disease as satisfied employees, according to a study.　　Job stress has been known to trigger heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular disease. Now Finnish scientists have now shown that even in healthy people the pressures of work can take their toll.　　Obesity, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease — a leading killer in many industrialized countries.　　But Mika Kivimaki, of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and his colleagues, who studied the medical histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years, said job stress also plays an important role.　　Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as likely to die of heart disease, according to the study published in The British Medical Journal.　　Work stress involves too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and unappreciated.　　Many people work long hours but if the effort is rewarding the stress is minimized. Kivimaki said job pressure is damaging when being overworked is combined with little or no control, unfair supervision and few career opportunities.　　The British Heart Foundation said the results support earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control, such as manual workers, could be at greater risk of heart disease than other employees.　　"It is advisable for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employers to allow people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their successes," the foundation said in a statement.

    正确答案：
    【参考译文】
    研究表明:在健康人群中,那些工作时间很长但是却对工作现状不满的人死于心脏疾病的几率是正常人的两倍。
    众所周知,对于心血管功能不好的人来说,太大的工作压力更容易引起心血管疾病。但最近芬兰科学家的研究结果告诉我们,即便对于健康人来说,工作压力仍有可能夺去他们宝贵的生命。
    在许多发达的工业化国家,心脏病是夺走人们健康的头号杀手,而引起心脏病的因素有很多,包括肥胖、高血压、缺乏锻炼、抽烟甚至体重超重等等。
    然而,在过去的25年里,芬兰职业卫生研究所米卡·基维迈基和他的同事们对芬兰一家金属公司的812名健康芬兰职工进行了长期的病史跟踪研究。结论是:工作压力过大同样也是导致心脏病发作的重要因素之一。
    基维迈基将自己的研究结果发表在《英国医学杂志》上,文中他提到,他在研究初期发现,工作压力过大的人群死于心脏病的几率是正常人的两倍之多。
    工作压力包含很多方面,如工作量过大、对工作感到不满意、或在工作中不得志等。
    有时经常会出现这样一种情况:许多人工作量也相当大,但是工作很有成效,这种情况下工作压力就会相对减轻。基维迈基说工作量过大的人如果遇上差劲的管理、糟糕的上司和黯淡的工作前景,工作压力就会骤增,对健康的破坏力也同时加强。
    英国心脏基金会认为基维迈基的这一调查与基金会早前的一项研究结果一致。在那份研究中他们得出的结论是:在工作控制较低的行业工作的人,如体力劳动者,得心脏病的几率就明显高于其他行业。
    基金会的一份文件中这样写道:建议人们平时在工作当中要量力而行,尽量将工作压力降到最小程度。同时雇主们也要尽量减轻员工的工作压力,改善管理体系并及时论功行赏。
    解析： 暂无解析

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