共用题干 Robotic Highway ConesA University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels.These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way,or into______(51),from computer commands made miles away. They can even be programmed to move on t

题目
共用题干
Robotic Highway Cones
A University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels.These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way,or into______(51),from computer commands made miles away. They can even be programmed to move on their own at any particular part of the day,said Shane Farritor,an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Nebraska.
For example,if workers arrived at 6 am,the cones could move from the side of the highway to______(52)off the lane at that time.And they can return to the______(53)place at the end of the day."It just seems like a very good application for robots."Farritor said."The robot-ic cones would also help______(54)people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place,"Farritor said in a report on his creation.
Work on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant. The______ (55)allowed Farritor to work on the project with graduate students at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard.
The robots are placed at the bottom of the cones and barrels and are______(56)enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides."It would look exactly the same," Farritor said."______(57)there's a kind of rubbery,black base to them. We replace that ______(58)a robot."
Farritor has talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots would be most______(59)to what they might need.
The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation,like paint-ing a stripe on a road or moving asphalt,______(60)now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation______(61)."That way you don't have to block off a 10-mile strip for the operation,"Farritor said.
______(62)prototypes have been made,they are not in use anywhere. Farritor said he has______(63)for a patent and is considering what to do next. He is thinking about starting a small business. He is also thinking about______(64)the robots to roads departments and others across the country who may______(65)from them.

52._________
A: block
B: cut
C: set
D: turn

相似考题

1.共用题干 Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补)with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, backward , left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形)."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Choset says. The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned

2.共用题干 Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补)with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, backward , left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形)."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Choset says. Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned

3.共用题干 Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补)with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, backward , left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形)."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Choset says. Snake robots could move in only four directions.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned

4.共用题干 Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补)with ma- chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs, builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward, backward , left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形)."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motionof my robots,"Choset says. The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned

参考答案和解析
答案:A
解析:
根据前后文可知,该处内容是与其前out of the way相对着的,因此选项中place恰当,该句句意是,几英里以外的电脑就可以发出指令将这些机器人锥形路标和路障移开或者移入某一地点。故本题选B。


由于工人们要在高速公路上施工,因此这些锥形障碍要移动到行车道上设置障碍,以方便工人们施工。在行车道上设置障碍即block off the lane。故本题选A。


在一天的最后,也就是工人们施工结束的时候,这些锥形障碍当然是返回原来的位置(original place)。故本题选D。


该句句意是,机器人还可以使人们从在高速公路上放置路标和路障的危险工作中解脱出来。“从……中解脱出来”是remove...from...。故本题选C。


前一句说,这个想法使用的是国家科学研究院提供的资金。而The______ (55) 明显是前一句所提到的的grant,即“资金”。故本题选D。


由于机器人安装在锥形路标和路障的底部,足以不改变这些路标路障的原貌,可见这些机器人足够的小,即small。故本题选C。


普通的路标、路障带有一个黑色的橡胶底座。因此该处用Normally,选B。


结合上下文可知,此处that指的是前句所提到的“黑色的橡胶底座”,该句是说“用机器人换掉橡胶底座”。replace... with...意为“用……替换……”。故本题选D。


该句是说怎样才能使机器人最有利于他们的需要。be useful to意为“对……有用,有利于”,故本题选C。


该句说,机器人可以用于缓慢移动的维护性的操作,例如在为公路粉刷白色的标线操作中需要随时摆放和移动路标、路障的地方。该句是一个地点状语从句,由where来引导。


由上题解析可知,这里是“在工作进行中”,因此用proceeds。故本题选A。


逗号前面说,路障的雏形已经做成,而后面则说还没有投入使用。显然该处需要一个转折连接词while。故本题选B。


“申请专利”是apply for a patent。故本题选A。


上一句说,他计划开一家小型公司。显然是要推梢( marketing)这种路标、路障。


该句是说,他打算向公路部门和其他国内能受益于这项发明的地方推销。 benefitfrom意为“从……获益”。故本题选A。
更多“共用题干 Robotic Highway ConesA University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels.These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way,or into______(51),from computer commands made miles away. They can even be programmed to move on t”相关问题
  • 第1题:

    共用题干
    Wide World of Robots

    Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补)with ma-
    chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
    says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
    builds or programs robots.
    When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors
    on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
    Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
    graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on
    something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
    backward , left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different
    types of terrain(地形)."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
    After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
    snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
    sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
    Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
    But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the
    doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be
    very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
    sending in a thin robotic snake?
    Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the
    idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
    A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.
    Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
    of my robots,"Choset says.

    Choset's snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.
    A: Right
    B: Wrong
    C: Not mentioned

    答案:C
    解析:
    根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later,in high school,he built mobile robots simi-lar to small cars.”可知题干表达正确。
    根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward ,left and ridit.But snakefre can twist in many direetions and travel over lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't , such as rolling."可知题干表述错误。
    根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col- leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
    文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作,只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作更多。故选C。
    提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段,但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦,并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
    倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型,他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致,因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B。
    提到Medrobotics公司的只有倒数第二段,但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上,并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分:概括大意与完成句子

  • 第2题:

    共用题干
    U. S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars
    NASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes,flowing rivers and a Va-riety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.
    Laboratory tests aboard NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample;the lander's robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that iden-tifies vapors produced by the heating of samples.
    “We have water,”said William Boynton of the University of Arizona,lead scientist for ,the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer,or TEGA.“This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted.”
    The robotic arm is a critical part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of,what its water is like,and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life.
    The soil sample came from a trench approximately 2 inches deep.When the robotic arm first reached that depth,it hit a hard layer of frozen soil.Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop.Most of the material in Wednesday's sample had been exposed to the air for two days,letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle.
    “Mars is giving us some surprises,”said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona.“We're excited because surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck,different from what we expected,from all the Mars simulation tes-ting we've done so far.”
    Since landing on May 25,Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab,TEGA, a microscope,a conductivity probe and cameras.The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.
    The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead.
    “It's a 30-watt light bulb giving us a laser show on Mars,”said Victoria Hipkin of the Canadian Space Agency.
    A full-circle,color panorama of Phoenix's surroundings also has been completed by the spacecraft.
    “The details and patterns we see in the ground show an ice-dominated terrain as far as the eye can see,”said Mark Lemmon of Texas A & M University,lead scientist for
    Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager camera.“They help us plan measurements we're making within reach of the robotic arm and interpret those measurements on a wider scale.”

    Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?
    A: The sample vaporized away.
    B: Fresh material was exposed to the air.
    C: The samples got stuck inside the scoop.
    D: The robotic arm hit a hard rock.

    答案:C
    解析:
    题干意为“美国国家航空航天局‘凤凰号’火星登陆器在火星上发现了什么?”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander, vast lakes, flowing rivers,water in a soil sample,living things作为定位线索,在第一段和第二段中找到 相关句:(第一段)NASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.(第二段) Laboratory tests aboard NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample; the lander's robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies va- pors produced by the heating of samples.定位线索词集中出现在第一段和第二段中,因此重 点关注这两个段落。第一段提到“美国国家航空航天局的科学家们称火星曾被巨大的湖泊,流动的河流以及其他潮湿的自然环境所覆盖,而这些都使其有了维持生命的可能”。第二段提到“在美国国家航空航天局的‘凤凰’号火星登陆器的实验室所做的实验中,已经在一份土壤样本中鉴定到水”。结合这两个句子的意思可知美国国家航空航天局“凤凰号”火星登陆器在火星上发现土壤样本中有水,因此答案为C项“土壤样本中有水”。
    题干意为“为什么前两次递送样本的尝试失败了?”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语first two attempts , samples , fresh material , air , scoop , robotic arm , hard rock作为定位线索,在第五段中找到相关句;The soil sample came from a trench approxi mately 2 inches deep.When the robotic arm first reached that depth,it hit a hard layer of fro zen soil.Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesday's sample had been exposed to the air for two days,letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle.定位线索词集中出现在第五段第三句中,因此首先重点关注这个句子。该句是一个复合句,句中出现了两个从句:when引导的定语从句和when引导的时间状语从句。该句意为“当新鲜的冻土暴露在空气中的时候,机器臂曾经两次尝试对冻土样本进行传送,但是样本同铲子粘在了一起,结果使得这两次尝试都以失败告终”。很明显,句中when引导的时间状语从句when the samples became stuck inside the scoop 陈述了原因。该题主要考查对复杂句子的理解。该题答案为C项“样本同铲子粘在了一起”。
    题干意为“下面哪个选项不是作者想要表达的意思?”利用备选项中的细节信息词/短语scientist , ice-rich layers of soil , life supporting material , water ice 作为定位线索,在第六段和第七段中找到相关句:(第六段)“Mars is giving us some surprises,” said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona.“We're excited be-cause surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck,different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulation testing we've done so far.”(第七段)Since landing on May 25,Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab,TEGA,a micro-scope,a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life (与life supporting material呼应)are present.定位线索词在 第六段的第四句和第七段的最后一句中出现了,因此首先重点关注这两个句子。第六段第四句提到“当富冰层被悬挂于甲板上方的太阳底下的时候,它会和铲子粘在一起,这是我们从未预期到的,也不同于我们迄今为止所做过的任何火星模拟试验”。从这个句子可以得出这样的结论:科学家们从未想到过富冰层会和铲子粘在一起,这也说明科学家们对火星上土壤的表现感到吃惊,这与B项“科学家们对火星上土壤的表现感到吃惊”意义一致。第七段最后一句提到“这支科学团队尝试确定火星上的水冰是否曾经大量融化,从而能支持生物存在,同时它还将寻找火星土壤中是否有以碳为基础的有机化合物,这些化合物是形成生命的‘原材料’”。依据这个句子可知科学家们一直要想知道火星上的水冰是否融化(与选项D意义一致),同时还可以得出这样的结论:科学家们想知道火星上是否有形成生命的原材料(这与选项C一致)。A项“科学家们试图打破火星土壤的富冰层”,这是文中没有涉及到的信息,因此 A项属于“无中生有”。所以答案为A.
    题干意为“参与研究的科学家们来自什么地方?”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词scientists , research , America , Canada作为定位线索,结果发现短文的第八段和第九段提到加拿大宇航局的科学家为“凤凰号”的火星探索提供了激光设备。既然这项研究是美国国家航空航天局的科学家们做的,因此研究的参与者必然包括美国科学家,因此答案为C项 “他们来自美国和加拿大”。

  • 第3题:

    共用题干
    Wide World of Robots
    Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补)with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
    “They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
    When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
    Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形).“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
    After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行) through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
    But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
    Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
    A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
    Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.

    Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegio Mellon.
    A: Right
    B: Wrong
    C: Not mentioned

    答案:A
    解析:
    题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词,可在文中第二段找到相关叙述:”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”(当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后,在高中期间,他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。)由此可知,乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的,故此题说法为“正 确”的。
    题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组,可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述:”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”(有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动,但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲,并且能越过不同类型的地形。)由此可知,蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词,可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述:“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”(在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后,乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。)故此题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词,可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述: ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”(乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作,比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作,比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行,在池塘里游泳,甚至还能爬旗杆。)由此可知,与那些可以朝很多方向运动,能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组,可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述:”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”(对于某些心脏手术,医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢?)这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂,且恢复起来会很痛苦,但是并没有提到时间的问题,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后,赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述:”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”(赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人,然后又在猪身上测试机器人。)由此可知,赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人,但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词,可在文中第七段找到相关叙述:” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”(在波士顿,一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。)文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润,故此说法为“未提及”的。

  • 第4题:

    共用题干
    Wide World of Robots
    Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补)with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
    “They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
    When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
    Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形).“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
    After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行) through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
    But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
    Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
    A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
    Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.

    Choset's snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.
    A: Right
    B: Wrong
    C: Not mentioned

    答案:A
    解析:
    题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词,可在文中第二段找到相关叙述:”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”(当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后,在高中期间,他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。)由此可知,乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的,故此题说法为“正 确”的。
    题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组,可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述:”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”(有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动,但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲,并且能越过不同类型的地形。)由此可知,蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词,可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述:“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”(在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后,乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。)故此题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词,可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述: ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”(乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作,比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作,比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行,在池塘里游泳,甚至还能爬旗杆。)由此可知,与那些可以朝很多方向运动,能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组,可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述:”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”(对于某些心脏手术,医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢?)这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂,且恢复起来会很痛苦,但是并没有提到时间的问题,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后,赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述:”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”(赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人,然后又在猪身上测试机器人。)由此可知,赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人,但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词,可在文中第七段找到相关叙述:” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”(在波士顿,一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。)文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润,故此说法为“未提及”的。

  • 第5题:

    共用题干
    Robotic Highway Cones
    A University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels.These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way,or into______(51),from computer commands made miles away. They can even be programmed to move on their own at any particular part of the day,said Shane Farritor,an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Nebraska.
    For example,if workers arrived at 6 am,the cones could move from the side of the highway to______(52)off the lane at that time.And they can return to the______(53)place at the end of the day."It just seems like a very good application for robots."Farritor said."The robot-ic cones would also help______(54)people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place,"Farritor said in a report on his creation.
    Work on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant. The______ (55)allowed Farritor to work on the project with graduate students at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard.
    The robots are placed at the bottom of the cones and barrels and are______(56)enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides."It would look exactly the same," Farritor said."______(57)there's a kind of rubbery,black base to them. We replace that ______(58)a robot."
    Farritor has talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots would be most______(59)to what they might need.
    The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation,like paint-ing a stripe on a road or moving asphalt,______(60)now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation______(61)."That way you don't have to block off a 10-mile strip for the operation,"Farritor said.
    ______(62)prototypes have been made,they are not in use anywhere. Farritor said he has______(63)for a patent and is considering what to do next. He is thinking about starting a small business. He is also thinking about______(64)the robots to roads departments and others across the country who may______(65)from them.

    58._________
    A: at
    B: on
    C: in
    D: with

    答案:D
    解析:
    根据前后文可知,该处内容是与其前out of the way相对着的,因此选项中place恰当,该句句意是,几英里以外的电脑就可以发出指令将这些机器人锥形路标和路障移开或者移入某一地点。故本题选B。


    由于工人们要在高速公路上施工,因此这些锥形障碍要移动到行车道上设置障碍,以方便工人们施工。在行车道上设置障碍即block off the lane。故本题选A。


    在一天的最后,也就是工人们施工结束的时候,这些锥形障碍当然是返回原来的位置(original place)。故本题选D。


    该句句意是,机器人还可以使人们从在高速公路上放置路标和路障的危险工作中解脱出来。“从……中解脱出来”是remove...from...。故本题选C。


    前一句说,这个想法使用的是国家科学研究院提供的资金。而The______ (55) 明显是前一句所提到的的grant,即“资金”。故本题选D。


    由于机器人安装在锥形路标和路障的底部,足以不改变这些路标路障的原貌,可见这些机器人足够的小,即small。故本题选C。


    普通的路标、路障带有一个黑色的橡胶底座。因此该处用Normally,选B。


    结合上下文可知,此处that指的是前句所提到的“黑色的橡胶底座”,该句是说“用机器人换掉橡胶底座”。replace... with...意为“用……替换……”。故本题选D。


    该句是说怎样才能使机器人最有利于他们的需要。be useful to意为“对……有用,有利于”,故本题选C。


    该句说,机器人可以用于缓慢移动的维护性的操作,例如在为公路粉刷白色的标线操作中需要随时摆放和移动路标、路障的地方。该句是一个地点状语从句,由where来引导。


    由上题解析可知,这里是“在工作进行中”,因此用proceeds。故本题选A。


    逗号前面说,路障的雏形已经做成,而后面则说还没有投入使用。显然该处需要一个转折连接词while。故本题选B。


    “申请专利”是apply for a patent。故本题选A。


    上一句说,他计划开一家小型公司。显然是要推梢( marketing)这种路标、路障。


    该句是说,他打算向公路部门和其他国内能受益于这项发明的地方推销。 benefitfrom意为“从……获益”。故本题选A。

  • 第6题:

    共用题干
    Wide World of Robots
    Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补)with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
    “They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
    When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
    Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形).“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
    After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行) through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
    But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
    Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
    A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
    Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.

    Choset began to build robots in high school.
    A: Right
    B: Wrong
    C: Not mentioned

    答案:A
    解析:
    题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词,可在文中第二段找到相关叙述:”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”(当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后,在高中期间,他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。)由此可知,乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的,故此题说法为“正 确”的。
    题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组,可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述:”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”(有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动,但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲,并且能越过不同类型的地形。)由此可知,蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词,可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述:“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”(在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后,乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。)故此题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词,可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述: ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”(乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作,比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作,比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行,在池塘里游泳,甚至还能爬旗杆。)由此可知,与那些可以朝很多方向运动,能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组,可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述:”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”(对于某些心脏手术,医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢?)这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂,且恢复起来会很痛苦,但是并没有提到时间的问题,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后,赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述:”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”(赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人,然后又在猪身上测试机器人。)由此可知,赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人,但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词,可在文中第七段找到相关叙述:” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”(在波士顿,一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。)文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润,故此说法为“未提及”的。

  • 第7题:

    共用题干
    Wide World of Robots
    Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补)with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
    “They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
    When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
    Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形).“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
    After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行) through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
    But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
    Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
    A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
    Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.

    The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome Medrobotics.
    A: Right
    B: Wrong
    C: Not mentioned

    答案:C
    解析:
    题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词,可在文中第二段找到相关叙述:”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”(当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后,在高中期间,他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。)由此可知,乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的,故此题说法为“正 确”的。
    题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组,可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述:”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”(有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动,但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲,并且能越过不同类型的地形。)由此可知,蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词,可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述:“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”(在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后,乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。)故此题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词,可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述: ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”(乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作,比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作,比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行,在池塘里游泳,甚至还能爬旗杆。)由此可知,与那些可以朝很多方向运动,能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组,可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述:”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”(对于某些心脏手术,医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢?)这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂,且恢复起来会很痛苦,但是并没有提到时间的问题,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后,赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述:”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”(赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人,然后又在猪身上测试机器人。)由此可知,赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人,但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词,可在文中第七段找到相关叙述:” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”(在波士顿,一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。)文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润,故此说法为“未提及”的。

  • 第8题:

    共用题干
    U. S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars
    NASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes,flowing rivers and a Va-riety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.
    Laboratory tests aboard NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample;the lander's robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that iden-tifies vapors produced by the heating of samples.
    “We have water,”said William Boynton of the University of Arizona,lead scientist for ,the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer,or TEGA.“This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted.”
    The robotic arm is a critical part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of,what its water is like,and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life.
    The soil sample came from a trench approximately 2 inches deep.When the robotic arm first reached that depth,it hit a hard layer of frozen soil.Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop.Most of the material in Wednesday's sample had been exposed to the air for two days,letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle.
    “Mars is giving us some surprises,”said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona.“We're excited because surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck,different from what we expected,from all the Mars simulation tes-ting we've done so far.”
    Since landing on May 25,Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab,TEGA, a microscope,a conductivity probe and cameras.The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.
    The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead.
    “It's a 30-watt light bulb giving us a laser show on Mars,”said Victoria Hipkin of the Canadian Space Agency.
    A full-circle,color panorama of Phoenix's surroundings also has been completed by the spacecraft.
    “The details and patterns we see in the ground show an ice-dominated terrain as far as the eye can see,”said Mark Lemmon of Texas A & M University,lead scientist for
    Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager camera.“They help us plan measurements we're making within reach of the robotic arm and interpret those measurements on a wider scale.”

    Where are the scientists involved in the research from?
    A: They are from America.
    B: They are from Canada.
    C: They are from both America and Canada.
    D: They are from neither America nor Canada.

    答案:C
    解析:
    题干意为“美国国家航空航天局‘凤凰号’火星登陆器在火星上发现了什么?”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander, vast lakes, flowing rivers,water in a soil sample,living things作为定位线索,在第一段和第二段中找到 相关句:(第一段)NASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.(第二段) Laboratory tests aboard NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample; the lander's robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies va- pors produced by the heating of samples.定位线索词集中出现在第一段和第二段中,因此重 点关注这两个段落。第一段提到“美国国家航空航天局的科学家们称火星曾被巨大的湖泊,流动的河流以及其他潮湿的自然环境所覆盖,而这些都使其有了维持生命的可能”。第二段提到“在美国国家航空航天局的‘凤凰’号火星登陆器的实验室所做的实验中,已经在一份土壤样本中鉴定到水”。结合这两个句子的意思可知美国国家航空航天局“凤凰号”火星登陆器在火星上发现土壤样本中有水,因此答案为C项“土壤样本中有水”。
    题干意为“为什么前两次递送样本的尝试失败了?”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语first two attempts , samples , fresh material , air , scoop , robotic arm , hard rock作为定位线索,在第五段中找到相关句;The soil sample came from a trench approxi mately 2 inches deep.When the robotic arm first reached that depth,it hit a hard layer of fro zen soil.Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesday's sample had been exposed to the air for two days,letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle.定位线索词集中出现在第五段第三句中,因此首先重点关注这个句子。该句是一个复合句,句中出现了两个从句:when引导的定语从句和when引导的时间状语从句。该句意为“当新鲜的冻土暴露在空气中的时候,机器臂曾经两次尝试对冻土样本进行传送,但是样本同铲子粘在了一起,结果使得这两次尝试都以失败告终”。很明显,句中when引导的时间状语从句when the samples became stuck inside the scoop 陈述了原因。该题主要考查对复杂句子的理解。该题答案为C项“样本同铲子粘在了一起”。
    题干意为“下面哪个选项不是作者想要表达的意思?”利用备选项中的细节信息词/短语scientist , ice-rich layers of soil , life supporting material , water ice 作为定位线索,在第六段和第七段中找到相关句:(第六段)“Mars is giving us some surprises,” said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona.“We're excited be-cause surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck,different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulation testing we've done so far.”(第七段)Since landing on May 25,Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab,TEGA,a micro-scope,a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life (与life supporting material呼应)are present.定位线索词在 第六段的第四句和第七段的最后一句中出现了,因此首先重点关注这两个句子。第六段第四句提到“当富冰层被悬挂于甲板上方的太阳底下的时候,它会和铲子粘在一起,这是我们从未预期到的,也不同于我们迄今为止所做过的任何火星模拟试验”。从这个句子可以得出这样的结论:科学家们从未想到过富冰层会和铲子粘在一起,这也说明科学家们对火星上土壤的表现感到吃惊,这与B项“科学家们对火星上土壤的表现感到吃惊”意义一致。第七段最后一句提到“这支科学团队尝试确定火星上的水冰是否曾经大量融化,从而能支持生物存在,同时它还将寻找火星土壤中是否有以碳为基础的有机化合物,这些化合物是形成生命的‘原材料’”。依据这个句子可知科学家们一直要想知道火星上的水冰是否融化(与选项D意义一致),同时还可以得出这样的结论:科学家们想知道火星上是否有形成生命的原材料(这与选项C一致)。A项“科学家们试图打破火星土壤的富冰层”,这是文中没有涉及到的信息,因此 A项属于“无中生有”。所以答案为A.
    题干意为“参与研究的科学家们来自什么地方?”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词scientists , research , America , Canada作为定位线索,结果发现短文的第八段和第九段提到加拿大宇航局的科学家为“凤凰号”的火星探索提供了激光设备。既然这项研究是美国国家航空航天局的科学家们做的,因此研究的参与者必然包括美国科学家,因此答案为C项 “他们来自美国和加拿大”。

  • 第9题:

    Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.
    What did the social robot do during the experiment?

    A.It followed the social robot.
    B.It played with some toys.
    C.It set the trapped rats free.
    D.It moved around alone.

    答案:D
    解析:
    本题目为细节题,考察具体细节。根据题干关键词the asocial robot和experiment定位到第三段最后一句Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.同时,不具有社交能力的机器人只能进行简单的前后左右移动。正确答案D It moved around alone.是原文的同义替换。选项A的It followed the social robot.它跟随具备社交能力的老鼠,与原文the social robot rat followed the living rats around不符,原文说的是具备社交能力的老鼠跟随真老鼠,属于张冠李戴。选项B的It played with some toys.它玩一些玩具,与原文不符,原文中说的是具备社交能力的老鼠玩同样的玩具,属于张冠李戴。选项C的It set the trapped rats free.它释放了被困的老鼠也与原文内容不符,原文说的同样是具备社交能力的老鼠,而题干问的是不具备社交能力的老鼠在实验中做了什么,属于张冠李戴。

  • 第10题:

    Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.
    It can be learned from the text that rats________

    A.appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
    B.are more socially active than other animals
    C.behave differently from children in socializing
    D.are more sensitive to social cues than expected

    答案:D
    解析:
    本题目为推断题,考察基于全文主旨进行推断。题干并没有具体关键词,因此需要通过选项回到文中逐一对应。正确答案D are more sensitive to social cues than expected对社交线索比预期更敏感,与原文尾段首句The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.(这一发现显示了老鼠对社交暗示的敏感程度,即使是来自基本机器老鼠的社交暗示)属于类似表达。选项A的appear to be adaptable to new surroundings似乎能适应新环境,在文中并未提及,属于无中生有。选项B的are more socially active than other animals比其他动物更活跃,文中只提到其他动物也一样会对机器人着迷,属于偷换概念。干扰项C的behave differently from children in socializing在社交活动中表现得与孩子不同,与原文内容相反,原文内容指的是孩子们倾向于把机器人当作人来对待,即使他们只显示简单的社会信号。这一点与老鼠是一样的,属于正反混淆。

  • 第11题:

    共用题干
    Wide World of Robots

    Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补)with ma-
    chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
    says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
    builds or programs robots.
    When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals.He put motors
    on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars,
    Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
    graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’。labmates were working on
    something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
    hackward, left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different
    types of terrain(地形)."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
    After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
    snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
    sliding and inching forward.The robot、also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
    Choset’s snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass,swini in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
    But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the
    doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be
    very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
    sending in a thin robotic snake?
    Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the
    idea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
    A company caikd Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for g urgerie9 on people-
    Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
    of my robots,"Clioset says.

    Snake robots could move in only four directions.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:B
    解析:
    根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later, in high school, he built mobile robots simi- lar to small ears.”可知题干表述正确。
    根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling.”可知题干表述错误。
    根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col-leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
    文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作,只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作还多。故选C。
    提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段,但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦,并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
    倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型,他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致,因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B
    提到Medrobotic、公司的只有倒数第二段,但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上,并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分:概括大意与完成句子

  • 第12题:

    单选题
    Which of the general advantages listed does the electrical pyrometer have over the mechanical pyrometer?()
    A

    When heated, it will move proportional to the amount the metal has lengthened or expanded

    B

    The pointer associated with the pyrometer scale can be made to also measure engine RPM

    C

    It can be utilized in exhaust manifolds and heat exchangers interchangeably

    D

    It can indicate temperature at a distant point from the source heat


    正确答案: D
    解析: 暂无解析

  • 第13题:

    共用题干
    Wide World of Robots

    Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补)with ma-
    chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
    says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
    builds or programs robots.
    When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors
    on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
    Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
    graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on
    something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
    backward , left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different
    types of terrain(地形)."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
    After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
    snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
    sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
    Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
    But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the
    doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be
    very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
    sending in a thin robotic snake?
    Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the
    idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
    A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.
    Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
    of my robots,"Choset says.

    Choset began to build robots in high school.
    A: Right
    B: Wrong
    C: Not mentioned

    答案:A
    解析:
    根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later,in high school,he built mobile robots simi-lar to small cars.”可知题干表达正确。
    根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward ,left and ridit.But snakefre can twist in many direetions and travel over lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't , such as rolling."可知题干表述错误。
    根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col- leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
    文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作,只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作更多。故选C。
    提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段,但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦,并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
    倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型,他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致,因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B。
    提到Medrobotics公司的只有倒数第二段,但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上,并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分:概括大意与完成句子

  • 第14题:

    共用题干
    Motoring Technology
    1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year,plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate,much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.
    Travelling at speed has always been dangerous.One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants.They can ensure you don't miss important road signs or fall asleep .Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.
    Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obstacles in fog,while other technology"sees through"big vehicles blocking your view.
    And improvements to seat belts , pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoot- her and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety,as have,less surpris- ingly,size and shape.
    But whatever is in the fuel tank,you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash,automatically calling for help.
    Accidents cause many traffic jams,but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools.
    Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.

    Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?
    A: Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.
    B: Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.
    C: Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.
    D:Improvements in seat belts,pedal controls and tyres.

    答案:A
    解析:
    本题的答案在第一段第二句话“much research now is focused on safety and new fu-els",所以正确答案是D,改善汽车的安全和发展新型燃料。


    第二段最后一句话明确指出“most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults",选项B中human mistakes即human faults.


    选项B和C的内容在文中第三段提到“Radar can spot obstacles in fog , while other technology ‘ sees through ’ big vehicles blocking your view”,选项D在第四段中第一句话 提到“...improvements to seat belts,pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.”只有选项A未被提及。


    本题的答案可以直接从第五段倒数第一句话中找到“Satellite tracking and remote communications can also came into play if you crash , automatically calling for help.”这里 come into play是开始起作用的意思。


    文章最后一句话指出机器人司机可以使交通运行更通畅,也许有一天机器人会成为每个人的私人司机,但是最近的研究表明这个愿望不会很快实现,这正是选项A所 表达的意思“It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.”其他三个选项的内容文章根本就没有提及。

  • 第15题:

    共用题干
    Robotic Highway Cones
    A University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels.These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way,or into______(51),from computer commands made miles away. They can even be programmed to move on their own at any particular part of the day,said Shane Farritor,an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Nebraska.
    For example,if workers arrived at 6 am,the cones could move from the side of the highway to______(52)off the lane at that time.And they can return to the______(53)place at the end of the day."It just seems like a very good application for robots."Farritor said."The robot-ic cones would also help______(54)people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place,"Farritor said in a report on his creation.
    Work on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant. The______ (55)allowed Farritor to work on the project with graduate students at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard.
    The robots are placed at the bottom of the cones and barrels and are______(56)enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides."It would look exactly the same," Farritor said."______(57)there's a kind of rubbery,black base to them. We replace that ______(58)a robot."
    Farritor has talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots would be most______(59)to what they might need.
    The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation,like paint-ing a stripe on a road or moving asphalt,______(60)now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation______(61)."That way you don't have to block off a 10-mile strip for the operation,"Farritor said.
    ______(62)prototypes have been made,they are not in use anywhere. Farritor said he has______(63)for a patent and is considering what to do next. He is thinking about starting a small business. He is also thinking about______(64)the robots to roads departments and others across the country who may______(65)from them.

    51._________
    A: work
    B: place
    C: order
    D: action

    答案:B
    解析:
    根据前后文可知,该处内容是与其前out of the way相对着的,因此选项中place恰当,该句句意是,几英里以外的电脑就可以发出指令将这些机器人锥形路标和路障移开或者移入某一地点。故本题选B。


    由于工人们要在高速公路上施工,因此这些锥形障碍要移动到行车道上设置障碍,以方便工人们施工。在行车道上设置障碍即block off the lane。故本题选A。


    在一天的最后,也就是工人们施工结束的时候,这些锥形障碍当然是返回原来的位置(original place)。故本题选D。


    该句句意是,机器人还可以使人们从在高速公路上放置路标和路障的危险工作中解脱出来。“从……中解脱出来”是remove...from...。故本题选C。


    前一句说,这个想法使用的是国家科学研究院提供的资金。而The______ (55) 明显是前一句所提到的的grant,即“资金”。故本题选D。


    由于机器人安装在锥形路标和路障的底部,足以不改变这些路标路障的原貌,可见这些机器人足够的小,即small。故本题选C。


    普通的路标、路障带有一个黑色的橡胶底座。因此该处用Normally,选B。


    结合上下文可知,此处that指的是前句所提到的“黑色的橡胶底座”,该句是说“用机器人换掉橡胶底座”。replace... with...意为“用……替换……”。故本题选D。


    该句是说怎样才能使机器人最有利于他们的需要。be useful to意为“对……有用,有利于”,故本题选C。


    该句说,机器人可以用于缓慢移动的维护性的操作,例如在为公路粉刷白色的标线操作中需要随时摆放和移动路标、路障的地方。该句是一个地点状语从句,由where来引导。


    由上题解析可知,这里是“在工作进行中”,因此用proceeds。故本题选A。


    逗号前面说,路障的雏形已经做成,而后面则说还没有投入使用。显然该处需要一个转折连接词while。故本题选B。


    “申请专利”是apply for a patent。故本题选A。


    上一句说,他计划开一家小型公司。显然是要推梢( marketing)这种路标、路障。


    该句是说,他打算向公路部门和其他国内能受益于这项发明的地方推销。 benefitfrom意为“从……获益”。故本题选A。

  • 第16题:

    共用题干
    Motoring Technology
    1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year,plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate,much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.
    Travelling at speed has always been dangerous.One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants.They can ensure you don't miss important road signs or fall asleep .Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.
    Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obstacles in fog,while other technology"sees through"big vehicles blocking your view.
    And improvements to seat belts , pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoot- her and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety,as have,less surpris- ingly,size and shape.
    But whatever is in the fuel tank,you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash,automatically calling for help.
    Accidents cause many traffic jams,but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools.
    Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.

    Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers?
    A: It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.
    B: Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads.
    C: Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.
    D: Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.

    答案:A
    解析:
    本题的答案在第一段第二句话“much research now is focused on safety and new fu-els",所以正确答案是D,改善汽车的安全和发展新型燃料。


    第二段最后一句话明确指出“most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults",选项B中human mistakes即human faults.


    选项B和C的内容在文中第三段提到“Radar can spot obstacles in fog , while other technology ‘ sees through ’ big vehicles blocking your view”,选项D在第四段中第一句话 提到“...improvements to seat belts,pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.”只有选项A未被提及。


    本题的答案可以直接从第五段倒数第一句话中找到“Satellite tracking and remote communications can also came into play if you crash , automatically calling for help.”这里 come into play是开始起作用的意思。


    文章最后一句话指出机器人司机可以使交通运行更通畅,也许有一天机器人会成为每个人的私人司机,但是最近的研究表明这个愿望不会很快实现,这正是选项A所 表达的意思“It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.”其他三个选项的内容文章根本就没有提及。

  • 第17题:

    共用题干
    Motoring Technology
    1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year,plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate,much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.
    Travelling at speed has always been dangerous.One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants.They can ensure you don't miss important road signs or fall asleep .Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.
    Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obstacles in fog,while other technology"sees through"big vehicles blocking your view.
    And improvements to seat belts , pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoot- her and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety,as have,less surpris- ingly,size and shape.
    But whatever is in the fuel tank,you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash,automatically calling for help.
    Accidents cause many traffic jams,but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools.
    Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.

    Satellite tracking and remote communication systems can be used to______.
    A: reduce oil consumption
    B: remove the obstacles on the road
    C: call for help when one's car crashes
    D: help drivers get out of a traffic jam

    答案:C
    解析:
    本题的答案在第一段第二句话“much research now is focused on safety and new fu-els",所以正确答案是D,改善汽车的安全和发展新型燃料。


    第二段最后一句话明确指出“most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults",选项B中human mistakes即human faults.


    选项B和C的内容在文中第三段提到“Radar can spot obstacles in fog , while other technology ‘ sees through ’ big vehicles blocking your view”,选项D在第四段中第一句话 提到“...improvements to seat belts,pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.”只有选项A未被提及。


    本题的答案可以直接从第五段倒数第一句话中找到“Satellite tracking and remote communications can also came into play if you crash , automatically calling for help.”这里 come into play是开始起作用的意思。


    文章最后一句话指出机器人司机可以使交通运行更通畅,也许有一天机器人会成为每个人的私人司机,但是最近的研究表明这个愿望不会很快实现,这正是选项A所 表达的意思“It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.”其他三个选项的内容文章根本就没有提及。

  • 第18题:

    共用题干
    Motoring Technology
    1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year,plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate,much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.
    Travelling at speed has always been dangerous.One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants.They can ensure you don't miss important road signs or fall asleep .Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.
    Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obstacles in fog,while other technology"sees through"big vehicles blocking your view.
    And improvements to seat belts , pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoot- her and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety,as have,less surpris- ingly,size and shape.
    But whatever is in the fuel tank,you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash,automatically calling for help.
    Accidents cause many traffic jams,but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools.
    Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.

    According to the second paragraph,most road accidents happen due to______.
    A:.heavy traffic
    B: human mistakes
    C: engine failure
    D: bad weather

    答案:B
    解析:
    本题的答案在第一段第二句话“much research now is focused on safety and new fu-els",所以正确答案是D,改善汽车的安全和发展新型燃料。


    第二段最后一句话明确指出“most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults",选项B中human mistakes即human faults.


    选项B和C的内容在文中第三段提到“Radar can spot obstacles in fog , while other technology ‘ sees through ’ big vehicles blocking your view”,选项D在第四段中第一句话 提到“...improvements to seat belts,pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.”只有选项A未被提及。


    本题的答案可以直接从第五段倒数第一句话中找到“Satellite tracking and remote communications can also came into play if you crash , automatically calling for help.”这里 come into play是开始起作用的意思。


    文章最后一句话指出机器人司机可以使交通运行更通畅,也许有一天机器人会成为每个人的私人司机,但是最近的研究表明这个愿望不会很快实现,这正是选项A所 表达的意思“It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.”其他三个选项的内容文章根本就没有提及。

  • 第19题:

    共用题干
    Wide World of Robots
    Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补)with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
    “They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
    When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
    Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形).“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
    After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行) through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
    But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
    Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
    A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
    Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.

    Snake robots could move in only four directions.
    A: Right
    B: Wrong
    C: Not mentioned

    答案:B
    解析:
    题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词,可在文中第二段找到相关叙述:”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”(当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后,在高中期间,他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。)由此可知,乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的,故此题说法为“正 确”的。
    题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组,可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述:”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”(有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动,但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲,并且能越过不同类型的地形。)由此可知,蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词,可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述:“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”(在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后,乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。)故此题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词,可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述: ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”(乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作,比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作,比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行,在池塘里游泳,甚至还能爬旗杆。)由此可知,与那些可以朝很多方向运动,能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组,可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述:”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”(对于某些心脏手术,医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢?)这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂,且恢复起来会很痛苦,但是并没有提到时间的问题,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后,赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述:”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”(赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人,然后又在猪身上测试机器人。)由此可知,赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人,但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词,可在文中第七段找到相关叙述:” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”(在波士顿,一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。)文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润,故此说法为“未提及”的。

  • 第20题:

    共用题干
    Wide World of Robots
    Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补)with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
    “They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
    When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
    Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形).“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
    After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行) through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
    But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
    Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
    A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
    Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.

    The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
    A: Right
    B: Wrong
    C: Not mentioned

    答案:C
    解析:
    题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词,可在文中第二段找到相关叙述:”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”(当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后,在高中期间,他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。)由此可知,乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的,故此题说法为“正 确”的。
    题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组,可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述:”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”(有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动,但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲,并且能越过不同类型的地形。)由此可知,蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动,故此题说法为“错误”的。
    题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词,可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述:“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”(在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后,乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。)故此题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词,可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述: ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”(乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作,比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作,比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行,在池塘里游泳,甚至还能爬旗杆。)由此可知,与那些可以朝很多方向运动,能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比,乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
    题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组,可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述:”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”(对于某些心脏手术,医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢?)这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂,且恢复起来会很痛苦,但是并没有提到时间的问题,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后,赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述:”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”(赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人,然后又在猪身上测试机器人。)由此可知,赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人,但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到,故此说法为“未提及”的。
    题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词,可在文中第七段找到相关叙述:” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”(在波士顿,一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。)文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润,故此说法为“未提及”的。

  • 第21题:

    Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.James Wiles notes that rats________

    A.can remember other rat's facial features
    B.differentiate smells better than sizes
    C.respond more to cations than to looks
    D.can be scared by a plastic box on wheels

    答案:C
    解析:
    本题目为细节题,考察具体细节。根据题干关键词James Wiles定位到第六七段,尾段尾句We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,says Wiles.Wiles说:“我们人类似乎对机器人很着迷,事实证明其他动物也很着迷。”再结合尾段前面部分的阐述,会发现正确答案C respond more to actions than to looks对行动的反应多于对外表的反应,是原文的类似表达。干扰项A的can remember other rat's facial features能够记住其他老鼠的面部特征,与原文内容不符,原文第六段说的是假设赋予机器老鼠面部特征,那都不重要,属于偷换概念。选项B的differentiate smells better than sizes与体型大小相比,能够更好地区分气味,原文中只提到赋予机器老鼠真老鼠的气味,与原文不符,属于偷换概念。选项D的can be scared by a plastic box on wheels会被装有轮子的塑料盒子吓坏,文中机器老鼠只是装有轮子的塑料盒子,还是属于偷换概念。

  • 第22题:

    Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________

    A.pickup social signals from non-living rats
    B.distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
    C.attain sociable traits through special training
    D.send out warning messages to their fellow

    答案:A
    解析:
    本题目为细节题,考察具体细节。根据题干关键词Quinn and her colleagues和a test定位到第一段第二句。To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.为了查明这是否延伸到了非生物,Quinn和她的同事测试了老鼠能否从机器老鼠身上探测到社会信号。正确答案A是原文的同义替换。选项B的distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one区分友好的老鼠和敌对的老鼠,并未提及,是常识性干扰。选项C的attain sociable traits through special training通过特殊训练获得社交品质,原文并未提及,属于无中生有。选项D的send out warning messages to their fellow向它们的同伴发出警告信息,原文并未提及,属于无中生有。

  • 第23题:

    共用题干
    Wide World of Robots

    Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补)with ma-
    chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
    says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
    builds or programs robots.
    When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals.He put motors
    on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars,
    Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
    graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’。labmates were working on
    something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
    hackward, left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in many directions and travel over a lot of different
    types of terrain(地形)."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
    After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
    snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
    sliding and inching forward.The robot、also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
    Choset’s snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass,swini in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
    But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the
    doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be
    very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
    sending in a thin robotic snake?
    Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the
    idea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
    A company caikd Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for g urgerie9 on people-
    Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
    of my robots,"Clioset says.

    Zenati tested the robot on people after usinlg it in pigs.
    A:Right
    B:Wrong
    C:Not mentioned

    答案:B
    解析:
    根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later, in high school, he built mobile robots simi- lar to small ears.”可知题干表述正确。
    根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling.”可知题干表述错误。
    根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col-leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
    文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作,只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作还多。故选C。
    提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段,但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦,并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
    倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型,他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致,因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B
    提到Medrobotic、公司的只有倒数第二段,但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上,并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分:概括大意与完成句子