共用题干 Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,fin
题目
共用题干
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.
Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,and
Yet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.
Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,and
Yet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.
How tiny is one battery part?
A: Its width is one tenth of a hair.
B: It equals the width of a hair.
C: It is as thin as a piece of paper.
D: Its width is too tiny to measure.
A: Its width is one tenth of a hair.
B: It equals the width of a hair.
C: It is as thin as a piece of paper.
D: Its width is too tiny to measure.
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更多“共用题干 Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,fin”相关问题
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第1题：
共用题干
第一篇
Common-Cold Sense
You can't beat it,but you don't have to join it. Maybe it got the name"common cold"because it's
more common in winter. The fact is,though,being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one.Colds
are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses（鼻病毒）,and,at least so far,medical science is better at telling
you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.
Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults,because they have more colds than
adults一an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their
parents?Simple.They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.
There are more than 150 different cold viruses,and you never have the same one twice.Being infected
by one makes you immune to it一but only it.
Colds are usually spread by direct contact,not sneezing or coughing. From another person's hand to
your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route.The highest concentration of cold viruses
any where is found under the thumbnails of a boy,although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other
smooth surfaces.
Hygiene is your best defense.Wash your hands frequently,preferably with a disinfectant soap,
especially when children in your household have colds.
But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold.So,what works when a coughing,sneezing,runny
nose strikes?
The old prescription of two aspirins,lots of water,and bed rest is a good place to start.But you'll also
find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey),lemon,and water have real
benefits.The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is________.
A:to keep yourself clean
B:to use a disinfectant soap
C:to take two aspirins every day
D:to drink lots of water答案：A解析：第一段虽然提到了感冒常发生子冬天，但紧接着提到，受凉并不会导致感冒，所以A项 不是正确答案。由文章第四段第一句可知，感冒通常是由于与感冒的人身体直接接触而导致 的，而不是由于打喷嚏或咳嗽传染的，所以C项也不是正确答案。D项歪曲文章意思，选项B 与第一段第四句的意义相吻合，因此是正确答案。
文章第五段第一句话“Hygiene is your best defense.”的意思是“卫生是你的最佳防御。” 因此A项是正确答案。在本段第二句提到的用消毒肥皂洗手，是保持卫生的手段之一。
第二段中提到儿童平均一年得8次感冒，这是一个统计数据而不是儿童得感冒的原因； 文中并没有说“儿童从不洗手”；文中也没有说“儿童不喜欢吃柠檬”；所以A、C、D三项都不 对。B项与第二段最后一句意思一样，是正确答案。
第三段提到有150多种感冒病毒，而人们绝不会被同一种病毒侵害两次，因为人得了一 次感冒后对相应的病毒就获得了免疫力，所以只有C项才符合第三段的内容。
文中并没有提到得了感冒就胃疼，实际上文中根本就没有“stomachache”这个词或相关 的字眼，所以D项是正确答案。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了睡眠不足是现代美国社会的通病。分析了造成睡眠不足的一些原因， 以及睡眠不足产生的后果，建议人们增加睡眠以保持精力旺盛。 -
第2题：
共用题干
Common-cold Sense
You can't beat it,but you don't have to join it.Maybe it got the name"common cold"because it's more common in winter.The fact is,though,being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one.Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses,and,at least so far,medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.
Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults,because they have more colds than adults-an average of about eight per year.Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents?Simple.They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.
There are more than 150 different cold viruses,and you never have the same one twice.being infected by one makes you immune to it-but only it.
Colds are usually spread by direct contact,not sneezing or coughing.From another person's hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route.The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy,although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.
Hygiene is your best defense.Wash your hands frequently,preferably with a disinfectant soap,especially when children in your household have colds.
But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold.So,what works when a coughing,sneezing, runny nose strikes?
The old prescription of two aspirins,lots of water,and bed rest is a good place to start.But you'll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying.Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey),lemon,and water have real benefits.When one is having a cold,he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT______.
A:coughing
B:sneezing
C:having a runny nose
D:having a stomachache答案：D解析：由文章第一段最后一句可知，感冒是由于一种鼻病毒的传播而引起的，故选B。
由文章第五段第一句可知，保持卫生是应对感冒的最好防御，故选A。
由文章第二段最后一句可知，儿童对很多病毒还不具有免疫性，因此他们更易患感冒。故选B。
由文章第三段内容可知，一个人绝不会被同一种感冒病毒感染两次，和C项的表述内容相符，故选C。
由文章倒数第二段第二句的内容可知， 当一个人患感冒时，会出现咳嗽.打喷嚏以及流鼻涕的症状，而未提及有胃疼症状，故选D。 -
第3题：
共用题干
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47;in the early 21 st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74,women to about 80, and these______(51)are rising all the time .What has brought______(52) these changes?When we look at the life______(53)of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest______(54)of the time .In the early 20th century,these were the acute and of-ten______(55)infectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk.
In the______(56)world these diseases are far______(57)today,and in some cases have almost disappcarcd.A number of______(58)have led to this:improvements in sanita- tion and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which______(59)bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations______(60)common diseases.______(61), people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition.
Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but______(62)people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing us from consistently reaching that age .The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those______(63)by viruses,such as influenza and AIDS.Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well.In most cases these diseases affect______(64)people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity______(65)more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as"lifestyle diseases",which means that it may be possiblem to halt their progress.51._________
A: countries
B: lives
C: years
D: ages答案：D解析：通过上下文可知此处应为“年龄”。
bring ahout意为“带来”,bring in意为“赚取，实现”（一定利润），没有bring to这个短语，如果用with，此句话必须变成what has it hrought with these changes才符合语法，但意思就不符合文章了。
life span是一个固定搭配，意为“寿命”。
从下一句可以看出此处应指那些不治之症。
本句举了天花的例子，下一句指出很多孩子死于这些病，所以此处应为一个表严重的词。high是形容词，不能修饰后面的形容词。acute不是比较级，所以and后面也不应用比较级。
本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，通过常识得知应该是发达国家。
本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，整段都在说明情况好转，故选C。
冒号后面列举的内容不能统一用其他几个词概括，只能用factor。
注意这里的which不是非限制定语从句中指代前面一句话的作用，而是指代前面两项内容：卫生的改善和杭生素的发明使用，所以which后的动词不用单三形式。cause 没有这样的语法搭配。
该选项为固定搭配，意为对某种疾病的预防接种。
前面说的是对疾病的防范和控制加强，后面说的是整体环境的改善，两者为并列关系，但是And在书面语中不能这样使用，所以只能选in addition。
整句话的意思是：从基因角度看，人都能活到85岁，但是虽然现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。所以此处应该填一个转折副词。
those指代流感和艾滋病等靠病毒传播的疾病，those后面的动词是过去分词作定语。spread的过去分词与原形相同。
本句最后指出一些病越来越年轻化，所以此处应选择younger的反义词。
obesitv是心脏病和糖尿病年轻化的重要原因，它和心脏病、糖尿病不是并列关系，而是因果关系，所以选择leading to，现在分词作结果状语。 -
第4题：
共用题干
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47;in the early 21 st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74,women to about 80, and these______(51)are rising all the time .What has brought______(52) these changes?When we look at the life______(53)of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest______(54)of the time .In the early 20th century,these were the acute and of-ten______(55)infectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk.
In the______(56)world these diseases are far______(57)today,and in some cases have almost disappcarcd.A number of______(58)have led to this:improvements in sanita- tion and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which______(59)bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations______(60)common diseases.______(61), people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition.
Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but______(62)people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing us from consistently reaching that age .The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those______(63)by viruses,such as influenza and AIDS.Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well.In most cases these diseases affect______(64)people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity______(65)more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as"lifestyle diseases",which means that it may be possiblem to halt their progress.60._________
A: against
B: for
C: to
D: from答案：A解析：通过上下文可知此处应为“年龄”。
bring ahout意为“带来”,bring in意为“赚取，实现”（一定利润），没有bring to这个短语，如果用with，此句话必须变成what has it hrought with these changes才符合语法，但意思就不符合文章了。
life span是一个固定搭配，意为“寿命”。
从下一句可以看出此处应指那些不治之症。
本句举了天花的例子，下一句指出很多孩子死于这些病，所以此处应为一个表严重的词。high是形容词，不能修饰后面的形容词。acute不是比较级，所以and后面也不应用比较级。
本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，通过常识得知应该是发达国家。
本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，整段都在说明情况好转，故选C。
冒号后面列举的内容不能统一用其他几个词概括，只能用factor。
注意这里的which不是非限制定语从句中指代前面一句话的作用，而是指代前面两项内容：卫生的改善和杭生素的发明使用，所以which后的动词不用单三形式。cause 没有这样的语法搭配。
该选项为固定搭配，意为对某种疾病的预防接种。
前面说的是对疾病的防范和控制加强，后面说的是整体环境的改善，两者为并列关系，但是And在书面语中不能这样使用，所以只能选in addition。
整句话的意思是：从基因角度看，人都能活到85岁，但是虽然现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。所以此处应该填一个转折副词。
those指代流感和艾滋病等靠病毒传播的疾病，those后面的动词是过去分词作定语。spread的过去分词与原形相同。
本句最后指出一些病越来越年轻化，所以此处应选择younger的反义词。
obesitv是心脏病和糖尿病年轻化的重要原因，它和心脏病、糖尿病不是并列关系，而是因果关系，所以选择leading to，现在分词作结果状语。 -
第5题：
共用题干
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.
Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,and
Yet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6?
A: It is made of metal.
B: It is a kind of watch battery.
C: It can only be seen with a microscope.
D: It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.答案：D解析：题干意为“根据第一段的内容来看，人们试图……”。利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语people , microorganisms , chicken pox , flu , various diseases , virus-related diseases , medicines作为定位线索，在第一段中找到相关句：What do chicken pox, the com-mon cold,the flu，and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses（与vi-rus-related diseases呼应）,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds．第一段第二句提到“这些都是由病毒引起的疾病”，这说明病毒会引起疾病。第三句提到“难怪大部分人一提到病毒，首先想到的是如何躲避病毒”，这说明因为病毒会引起疾病，所以人们都想尽力避开病毒，因此C项“因为病毒会造成各种疾病所以躲避病毒”是答案。虽然选项B也提到了躲避病毒，但是选项B后半句中提到的躲避的原因是因为病毒是看不见的，这在短文中没有提到，因此选项B属于“无中生有”的干扰项。提示：备选项中只要一部分信息在短文中没有被提及，该选项也属于“无中生有”的干扰项；备选项中只要有一部分信息与短文中的相关信息不一致，则该选项陈述的信息与短文信息不一致。
题干意为“Beicher所在的小组现在在做什么？”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's team , at present , ways , mass-producing micro-batteries , virus genes作为定位线索，在第二段和第三段中找到相关句：（第二段）Not everyone runs from the tiny dis-ease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachusetts,scientists have discovered that some vi-ruses can be helpful in an unusual way.They are putting viruses to work, teachiig them to build some if the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.（第三段）Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher,who first came up with the idea．At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)in Cambridge, she and her collaborators（与Belcher's team呼应）bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know a-bout biology, technology and production techniques．定位线索词集中出现在第三段中，该段第一句提到“病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见，但这对于工程师Belcher来说却并不陌生。她最先产生了这一想法”。该句中提到的“这一想法”回指上文（第二段）中提到的putting viru-ses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries，即用病毒制造世界上最小的充电电池。由此可知C项“用病毒制造电池”是答案。
题干意为“下列哪个选项的词义与第五段中shrink的词义相反？”该题属于词汇题。首先找到shrink在短文中所在的语境，并依据该语境判断出shrink的词义是“收缩”，也就是“缩小”，因此它的反义词是expand“增大，扩张”。所以答案为D。
题干意为“第六段中关于Belcher所研制的电池的陈述哪个正确？”利用题干及选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's battery, metal, watch battery, microscope, metallic disk作为定位线索，在第六段中找到相关句：The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viru-ses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope．定位线索词集中出现在第六段第二句中，该句意为“Belcher的电池模型是完全由病毒构成的金属圆盘，看起来就像普通的手表电池”。显然，B项“它是一种手表电池”与短文意思不一致：短文中出现的手表电池是用作比较，而不是说Belcher 的电池模型是手表电池。该句意思与D项“它是一种金属圆盘，里面有病毒”一致，因此D是答案。C项“它只能在显微镜下才能看见”，这与第六段最后一句意思不一致：第六段最后一句提到“电池里面的部件很小―小到用高倍显微镜才能看到”，这是在讲述电池部件的情况，并非说电池也需要用显微镜才能看见，因此选项D陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.
Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,and
Yet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.What is Belcher's team doing at present?
A: It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.
B: It is mass-producing micro-batteries.
C: It is making batteries with viruses.
D: It is analyzing virus genes.答案：C解析：题干意为“根据第一段的内容来看，人们试图……”。利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语people , microorganisms , chicken pox , flu , various diseases , virus-related diseases , medicines作为定位线索，在第一段中找到相关句：What do chicken pox, the com-mon cold,the flu，and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses（与vi-rus-related diseases呼应）,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds．第一段第二句提到“这些都是由病毒引起的疾病”，这说明病毒会引起疾病。第三句提到“难怪大部分人一提到病毒，首先想到的是如何躲避病毒”，这说明因为病毒会引起疾病，所以人们都想尽力避开病毒，因此C项“因为病毒会造成各种疾病所以躲避病毒”是答案。虽然选项B也提到了躲避病毒，但是选项B后半句中提到的躲避的原因是因为病毒是看不见的，这在短文中没有提到，因此选项B属于“无中生有”的干扰项。提示：备选项中只要一部分信息在短文中没有被提及，该选项也属于“无中生有”的干扰项；备选项中只要有一部分信息与短文中的相关信息不一致，则该选项陈述的信息与短文信息不一致。
题干意为“Beicher所在的小组现在在做什么？”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's team , at present , ways , mass-producing micro-batteries , virus genes作为定位线索，在第二段和第三段中找到相关句：（第二段）Not everyone runs from the tiny dis-ease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachusetts,scientists have discovered that some vi-ruses can be helpful in an unusual way.They are putting viruses to work, teachiig them to build some if the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.（第三段）Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher,who first came up with the idea．At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)in Cambridge, she and her collaborators（与Belcher's team呼应）bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know a-bout biology, technology and production techniques．定位线索词集中出现在第三段中，该段第一句提到“病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见，但这对于工程师Belcher来说却并不陌生。她最先产生了这一想法”。该句中提到的“这一想法”回指上文（第二段）中提到的putting viru-ses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries，即用病毒制造世界上最小的充电电池。由此可知C项“用病毒制造电池”是答案。
题干意为“下列哪个选项的词义与第五段中shrink的词义相反？”该题属于词汇题。首先找到shrink在短文中所在的语境，并依据该语境判断出shrink的词义是“收缩”，也就是“缩小”，因此它的反义词是expand“增大，扩张”。所以答案为D。
题干意为“第六段中关于Belcher所研制的电池的陈述哪个正确？”利用题干及选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's battery, metal, watch battery, microscope, metallic disk作为定位线索，在第六段中找到相关句：The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viru-ses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope．定位线索词集中出现在第六段第二句中，该句意为“Belcher的电池模型是完全由病毒构成的金属圆盘，看起来就像普通的手表电池”。显然，B项“它是一种手表电池”与短文意思不一致：短文中出现的手表电池是用作比较，而不是说Belcher 的电池模型是手表电池。该句意思与D项“它是一种金属圆盘，里面有病毒”一致，因此D是答案。C项“它只能在显微镜下才能看见”，这与第六段最后一句意思不一致：第六段最后一句提到“电池里面的部件很小―小到用高倍显微镜才能看到”，这是在讲述电池部件的情况，并非说电池也需要用显微镜才能看见，因此选项D陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。 -
第7题：
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu (流感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come. The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms. Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症)，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system. There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help（）
- A、shorten the duration of the illness
- B、the patient buy medicine over the counter
- C、the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs
- D、prevent people from catching colds and the flu
正确答案:A -
第8题：
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu (流感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come. The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms. Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症)，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system. There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one. According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, （）
- A、one should identify the virus which causes it
- B、one should consult a doctor as soon as possible
- C、one should take medicine upon catching the disease
- D、one should remain alert when the disease is spreading
正确答案:C -
第9题：
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu (流感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come. The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms. Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症)，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system. There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold? （）
- A、A stuffy nose.
- B、A high temperature.
- C、A sore throat.
- D、A dry cough.
正确答案:C -
第10题：
单选题请阅读 Passage 2，完成第 26~30小题。Passage 2 The common cold is the world's most widespread illness， which is plague that flesh receives.The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold.They are not， They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person.You catch a cold by coming into contact， directly or indirectly， with someone who already has one.If cold causes colds， it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.But they do not.And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches， cold and wet，showed no increased tendency to catch colds.In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp， naked and starving， were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.At the Common Cold Research Unit in England， volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time.After taking hot baths， they put on bathing suits， allowed themselves to be with cold water， and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room.Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion.Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If， then， cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds， why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research， no one has yet found the answer， One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times， and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one has yet found a cure for the cold.There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin， but all they do is relieve the symptoms.Which of the following does not agree with the passage?AThe Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.
BColds are not caused by cold.
CPeople suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
DA person rnay catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
正确答案： A解析： -
第11题：
单选题请阅读 Passage 2，完成第 26~30小题。Passage 2 The common cold is the world's most widespread illness， which is plague that flesh receives.The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold.They are not， They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person.You catch a cold by coming into contact， directly or indirectly， with someone who already has one.If cold causes colds， it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.But they do not.And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches， cold and wet，showed no increased tendency to catch colds.In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp， naked and starving， were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.At the Common Cold Research Unit in England， volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time.After taking hot baths， they put on bathing suits， allowed themselves to be with cold water， and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room.Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion.Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If， then， cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds， why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research， no one has yet found the answer， One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times， and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one has yet found a cure for the cold.There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin， but all they do is relieve the symptoms.The passage mainly discusses ____.Athe experiments on the common cold
Bthe cures about the common cold
Cwhy and how people catch colds
Dthe continued spread of common colds
正确答案： B解析： -
第12题：
共用题干
Common-cold Sense
You can't beat it,but you don't have to join it.Maybe it got the name"common cold"because it's more common in winter.The fact is,though,being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one.Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses,and,at least so far,medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.
Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults,because they have more colds than adults-an average of about eight per year.Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents?Simple.They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.
There are more than 150 different cold viruses,and you never have the same one twice.being infected by one makes you immune to it-but only it.
Colds are usually spread by direct contact,not sneezing or coughing.From another person's hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route.The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy,although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.
Hygiene is your best defense.Wash your hands frequently,preferably with a disinfectant soap,especially when children in your household have colds.
But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold.So,what works when a coughing,sneezing, runny nose strikes?
The old prescription of two aspirins,lots of water,and bed rest is a good place to start.But you'll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying.Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey),lemon,and water have real benefits.The best way to keep yourself from getting cold is
A:to keep yourself clean
B:to use a disinfectant soap
C:to take two aspirins every day
D:to drink lots of water答案：A解析：由文章第一段最后一句可知，感冒是由于一种鼻病毒的传播而引起的，故选B。
由文章第五段第一句可知，保持卫生是应对感冒的最好防御，故选A。
由文章第二段最后一句可知，儿童对很多病毒还不具有免疫性，因此他们更易患感冒。故选B。
由文章第三段内容可知，一个人绝不会被同一种感冒病毒感染两次，和C项的表述内容相符，故选C。
由文章倒数第二段第二句的内容可知， 当一个人患感冒时，会出现咳嗽.打喷嚏以及流鼻涕的症状，而未提及有胃疼症状，故选D。 -
第13题：
共用题干
第一篇
Common-Cold Sense
You can't beat it,but you don't have to join it. Maybe it got the name"common cold"because it's
more common in winter. The fact is,though,being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one.Colds
are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses（鼻病毒）,and,at least so far,medical science is better at telling
you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.
Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults,because they have more colds than
adults一an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their
parents?Simple.They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.
There are more than 150 different cold viruses,and you never have the same one twice.Being infected
by one makes you immune to it一but only it.
Colds are usually spread by direct contact,not sneezing or coughing. From another person's hand to
your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route.The highest concentration of cold viruses
any where is found under the thumbnails of a boy,although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other
smooth surfaces.
Hygiene is your best defense.Wash your hands frequently,preferably with a disinfectant soap,
especially when children in your household have colds.
But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold.So,what works when a coughing,sneezing,runny
nose strikes?
The old prescription of two aspirins,lots of water,and bed rest is a good place to start.But you'll also
find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey),lemon,and water have real
benefits.When you are having a cold,________.
A:it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time
B:it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time
C:it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time
D:it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time答案：C解析：第一段虽然提到了感冒常发生子冬天，但紧接着提到，受凉并不会导致感冒，所以A项 不是正确答案。由文章第四段第一句可知，感冒通常是由于与感冒的人身体直接接触而导致 的，而不是由于打喷嚏或咳嗽传染的，所以C项也不是正确答案。D项歪曲文章意思，选项B 与第一段第四句的意义相吻合，因此是正确答案。
文章第五段第一句话“Hygiene is your best defense.”的意思是“卫生是你的最佳防御。” 因此A项是正确答案。在本段第二句提到的用消毒肥皂洗手，是保持卫生的手段之一。
第二段中提到儿童平均一年得8次感冒，这是一个统计数据而不是儿童得感冒的原因； 文中并没有说“儿童从不洗手”；文中也没有说“儿童不喜欢吃柠檬”；所以A、C、D三项都不 对。B项与第二段最后一句意思一样，是正确答案。
第三段提到有150多种感冒病毒，而人们绝不会被同一种病毒侵害两次，因为人得了一 次感冒后对相应的病毒就获得了免疫力，所以只有C项才符合第三段的内容。
文中并没有提到得了感冒就胃疼，实际上文中根本就没有“stomachache”这个词或相关 的字眼，所以D项是正确答案。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了睡眠不足是现代美国社会的通病。分析了造成睡眠不足的一些原因， 以及睡眠不足产生的后果，建议人们增加睡眠以保持精力旺盛。 -
第14题：
共用题干
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.13._________
A: spread
B: affected
C: produced
D: created答案：A解析：通过上下文可知此处应为A项ages“年龄”。
bring about意思是“带来”,bring in意为“赚取，实现（一定利润）”，没有 bring to这个短语，如果用with，此句话必须变成what has it brought with these changes才符合语法，但意思就不符合文章了。所以答案为B。
life span是一个固定搭配，意为“寿命”。所以答案为D。
从下一句可以看出此处应指那些不治之症。所以答案为B。
本句举了天花的例子，下一句指出很多孩子死于这些病，所以此处应为一个表严重的词。high是形容词，不能修饰后面的形容词。acute不是比较级，所以and后面也不能用比较级。所以答案为D。
本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，通过常识得知应该是发达国家。所以答案为A。
本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，整段都在说明情况好转，故选C。
冒号后面列举的内容不能统一用其他几个词概括，只能用B项factors。
which指代前面两项内容：卫生的改善和杭生素的发明使用，所以which后的动词不能用单数形式。cause没有这样的语法搭配。所以答案为C。
vaccinations against…为固定搭配，意为对某种疾病的预防接种。所以答案为A。
前面说的是对疾病的防范和控制加强，后面说的是整体环境的改善，两者为并列关系，但是And在书面语中不能这样使用，所以只能选in addition，所以答案为C。
整句话意为：从基因角度看，人都能活到85岁，但是虽然现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。所以此处应该填一个转折副词。所以答案为D。
those指代流感和艾滋病等靠病毒传播的疾病，those后面的动词是过去分词作定语。spread的过去分词与原形相同。所以答案为A。
本句最后指出一些病越来越年轻化，所以此处应选择younger的反义词。所以答案为C。
obesity是心脏病和糖尿病年轻化的重要原因，它和心脏病、糖尿病不是并列关系，而是因果关系，所以选择B项leading to，现在分词作结果状语。 -
第15题：
共用题干
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.9._________
A: makes
B: causes
C: make
D: from答案：C解析：通过上下文可知此处应为A项ages“年龄”。
bring about意思是“带来”,bring in意为“赚取，实现（一定利润）”，没有 bring to这个短语，如果用with，此句话必须变成what has it brought with these changes才符合语法，但意思就不符合文章了。所以答案为B。
life span是一个固定搭配，意为“寿命”。所以答案为D。
从下一句可以看出此处应指那些不治之症。所以答案为B。
本句举了天花的例子，下一句指出很多孩子死于这些病，所以此处应为一个表严重的词。high是形容词，不能修饰后面的形容词。acute不是比较级，所以and后面也不能用比较级。所以答案为D。
本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，通过常识得知应该是发达国家。所以答案为A。
本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，整段都在说明情况好转，故选C。
冒号后面列举的内容不能统一用其他几个词概括，只能用B项factors。
which指代前面两项内容：卫生的改善和杭生素的发明使用，所以which后的动词不能用单数形式。cause没有这样的语法搭配。所以答案为C。
vaccinations against…为固定搭配，意为对某种疾病的预防接种。所以答案为A。
前面说的是对疾病的防范和控制加强，后面说的是整体环境的改善，两者为并列关系，但是And在书面语中不能这样使用，所以只能选in addition，所以答案为C。
整句话意为：从基因角度看，人都能活到85岁，但是虽然现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。所以此处应该填一个转折副词。所以答案为D。
those指代流感和艾滋病等靠病毒传播的疾病，those后面的动词是过去分词作定语。spread的过去分词与原形相同。所以答案为A。
本句最后指出一些病越来越年轻化，所以此处应选择younger的反义词。所以答案为C。
obesity是心脏病和糖尿病年轻化的重要原因，它和心脏病、糖尿病不是并列关系，而是因果关系，所以选择B项leading to，现在分词作结果状语。 -
第16题：
共用题干
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.
Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,and
Yet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word“shrink” appearing in para-graph 5?
A: Broaden.
B: Spread.
C: Extend.
D: Expand.答案：D解析：题干意为“根据第一段的内容来看，人们试图……”。利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语people , microorganisms , chicken pox , flu , various diseases , virus-related diseases , medicines作为定位线索，在第一段中找到相关句：What do chicken pox, the com-mon cold,the flu，and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses（与vi-rus-related diseases呼应）,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds．第一段第二句提到“这些都是由病毒引起的疾病”，这说明病毒会引起疾病。第三句提到“难怪大部分人一提到病毒，首先想到的是如何躲避病毒”，这说明因为病毒会引起疾病，所以人们都想尽力避开病毒，因此C项“因为病毒会造成各种疾病所以躲避病毒”是答案。虽然选项B也提到了躲避病毒，但是选项B后半句中提到的躲避的原因是因为病毒是看不见的，这在短文中没有提到，因此选项B属于“无中生有”的干扰项。提示：备选项中只要一部分信息在短文中没有被提及，该选项也属于“无中生有”的干扰项；备选项中只要有一部分信息与短文中的相关信息不一致，则该选项陈述的信息与短文信息不一致。
题干意为“Beicher所在的小组现在在做什么？”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's team , at present , ways , mass-producing micro-batteries , virus genes作为定位线索，在第二段和第三段中找到相关句：（第二段）Not everyone runs from the tiny dis-ease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachusetts,scientists have discovered that some vi-ruses can be helpful in an unusual way.They are putting viruses to work, teachiig them to build some if the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.（第三段）Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher,who first came up with the idea．At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)in Cambridge, she and her collaborators（与Belcher's team呼应）bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know a-bout biology, technology and production techniques．定位线索词集中出现在第三段中，该段第一句提到“病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见，但这对于工程师Belcher来说却并不陌生。她最先产生了这一想法”。该句中提到的“这一想法”回指上文（第二段）中提到的putting viru-ses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries，即用病毒制造世界上最小的充电电池。由此可知C项“用病毒制造电池”是答案。
题干意为“下列哪个选项的词义与第五段中shrink的词义相反？”该题属于词汇题。首先找到shrink在短文中所在的语境，并依据该语境判断出shrink的词义是“收缩”，也就是“缩小”，因此它的反义词是expand“增大，扩张”。所以答案为D。
题干意为“第六段中关于Belcher所研制的电池的陈述哪个正确？”利用题干及选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's battery, metal, watch battery, microscope, metallic disk作为定位线索，在第六段中找到相关句：The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viru-ses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope．定位线索词集中出现在第六段第二句中，该句意为“Belcher的电池模型是完全由病毒构成的金属圆盘，看起来就像普通的手表电池”。显然，B项“它是一种手表电池”与短文意思不一致：短文中出现的手表电池是用作比较，而不是说Belcher 的电池模型是手表电池。该句意思与D项“它是一种金属圆盘，里面有病毒”一致，因此D是答案。C项“它只能在显微镜下才能看见”，这与第六段最后一句意思不一致：第六段最后一句提到“电池里面的部件很小―小到用高倍显微镜才能看到”，这是在讲述电池部件的情况，并非说电池也需要用显微镜才能看见，因此选项D陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.
Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,and
Yet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.According to the first paragraph,people try to
A: kill microorganisms related to chicken pox,the flu,etc
B: keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible
C: stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases
D: cure themselves of virus-related diseases by taking medicines答案：C解析：题干意为“根据第一段的内容来看，人们试图……”。利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语people , microorganisms , chicken pox , flu , various diseases , virus-related diseases , medicines作为定位线索，在第一段中找到相关句：What do chicken pox, the com-mon cold,the flu，and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses（与vi-rus-related diseases呼应）,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds．第一段第二句提到“这些都是由病毒引起的疾病”，这说明病毒会引起疾病。第三句提到“难怪大部分人一提到病毒，首先想到的是如何躲避病毒”，这说明因为病毒会引起疾病，所以人们都想尽力避开病毒，因此C项“因为病毒会造成各种疾病所以躲避病毒”是答案。虽然选项B也提到了躲避病毒，但是选项B后半句中提到的躲避的原因是因为病毒是看不见的，这在短文中没有提到，因此选项B属于“无中生有”的干扰项。提示：备选项中只要一部分信息在短文中没有被提及，该选项也属于“无中生有”的干扰项；备选项中只要有一部分信息与短文中的相关信息不一致，则该选项陈述的信息与短文信息不一致。
题干意为“Beicher所在的小组现在在做什么？”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's team , at present , ways , mass-producing micro-batteries , virus genes作为定位线索，在第二段和第三段中找到相关句：（第二段）Not everyone runs from the tiny dis-ease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachusetts,scientists have discovered that some vi-ruses can be helpful in an unusual way.They are putting viruses to work, teachiig them to build some if the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.（第三段）Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher,who first came up with the idea．At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)in Cambridge, she and her collaborators（与Belcher's team呼应）bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know a-bout biology, technology and production techniques．定位线索词集中出现在第三段中，该段第一句提到“病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见，但这对于工程师Belcher来说却并不陌生。她最先产生了这一想法”。该句中提到的“这一想法”回指上文（第二段）中提到的putting viru-ses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries，即用病毒制造世界上最小的充电电池。由此可知C项“用病毒制造电池”是答案。
题干意为“下列哪个选项的词义与第五段中shrink的词义相反？”该题属于词汇题。首先找到shrink在短文中所在的语境，并依据该语境判断出shrink的词义是“收缩”，也就是“缩小”，因此它的反义词是expand“增大，扩张”。所以答案为D。
题干意为“第六段中关于Belcher所研制的电池的陈述哪个正确？”利用题干及选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's battery, metal, watch battery, microscope, metallic disk作为定位线索，在第六段中找到相关句：The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viru-ses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope．定位线索词集中出现在第六段第二句中，该句意为“Belcher的电池模型是完全由病毒构成的金属圆盘，看起来就像普通的手表电池”。显然，B项“它是一种手表电池”与短文意思不一致：短文中出现的手表电池是用作比较，而不是说Belcher 的电池模型是手表电池。该句意思与D项“它是一种金属圆盘，里面有病毒”一致，因此D是答案。C项“它只能在显微镜下才能看见”，这与第六段最后一句意思不一致：第六段最后一句提到“电池里面的部件很小―小到用高倍显微镜才能看到”，这是在讲述电池部件的情况，并非说电池也需要用显微镜才能看见，因此选项D陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。 -
第18题：
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu (流感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come. The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms. Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症)，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system. There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one. If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents （）
- A、are advised not to give them aspirin
- B、should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome
- C、are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination
- D、should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever
正确答案:A -
第19题：
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu (流感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come. The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms. Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症)，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system. There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one. We learn from the passage that （）
- A、one doesn’t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu
- B、aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu
- C、delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system
- D、over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu
正确答案:D -
第20题：
单选题请阅读 Passage 2，完成第 26~30小题。Passage 2 The common cold is the world's most widespread illness， which is plague that flesh receives.The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold.They are not， They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person.You catch a cold by coming into contact， directly or indirectly， with someone who already has one.If cold causes colds， it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.But they do not.And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches， cold and wet，showed no increased tendency to catch colds.In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp， naked and starving， were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.At the Common Cold Research Unit in England， volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time.After taking hot baths， they put on bathing suits， allowed themselves to be with cold water， and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room.Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion.Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If， then， cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds， why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research， no one has yet found the answer， One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times， and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one has yet found a cure for the cold.There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin， but all they do is relieve the symptoms.Arctic explorers may catch colds when ____.Athey are working in the isolated arctic regions
Bthey are writing reports in terribly cold weather
Cthey are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
Dthey are coming into touch again with the outside world
正确答案： B解析： -
第21题：
单选题请阅读 Passage 2，完成第 26~30小题。Passage 2 The common cold is the world's most widespread illness， which is plague that flesh receives.The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold.They are not， They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person.You catch a cold by coming into contact， directly or indirectly， with someone who already has one.If cold causes colds， it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.But they do not.And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches， cold and wet，showed no increased tendency to catch colds.In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp， naked and starving， were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.At the Common Cold Research Unit in England， volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time.After taking hot baths， they put on bathing suits， allowed themselves to be with cold water， and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room.Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion.Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If， then， cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds， why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research， no one has yet found the answer， One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times， and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one has yet found a cure for the cold.There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin， but all they do is relieve the symptoms.The author cites the Eskimos not suffering from common colds forever to indicate ____.Acommon colds are more severe than other plagues
Bviruses are the factors causing common colds
Ccommon colds are full of myth
Dthe idea that cold leads to colds doesn’t stand up
正确答案： D解析： -
第22题：
单选题请阅读 Passage 2，完成第 26~30小题。Passage 2 The common cold is the world's most widespread illness， which is plague that flesh receives.The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold.They are not， They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person.You catch a cold by coming into contact， directly or indirectly， with someone who already has one.If cold causes colds， it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.But they do not.And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches， cold and wet，showed no increased tendency to catch colds.In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp， naked and starving， were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.At the Common Cold Research Unit in England， volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time.After taking hot baths， they put on bathing suits， allowed themselves to be with cold water， and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room.Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion.Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If， then， cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds， why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research， no one has yet found the answer， One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times， and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one has yet found a cure for the cold.There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin， but all they do is relieve the symptoms.Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit ____.Aall suffered from cold and wet
Bnever caught colds
Ccaught colds easily
Dall caught colds because of the harsh environment
正确答案： D解析：