共用题干 第二篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists （生态学家）can' t be everywher
题目
共用题干
第二篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
（生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,
for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang,
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database
（数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large
amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping
large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All
that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety
of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their
neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,
we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re-
spond as the climate changes."
第二篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
（生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,
for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang,
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database
（数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large
amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping
large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All
that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety
of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their
neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,
we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re-
spond as the climate changes."
What are citizen scientists asked to do?
A:To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.
B:To send their research observations to a professional database.
C:To increase their knowledge about climate change.
D:To keep a record of their research observations.
A:To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.
B:To send their research observations to a professional database.
C:To increase their knowledge about climate change.
D:To keep a record of their research observations.
相似考题
更多“共用题干 第二篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists （生态学家）can' t be everywher”相关问题
-
第1题：
共用题干
Lakes,Too,Feel Global Warming
There's no doubt:In the last few decades,the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has
been in hundreds of years.Around the world,people are starting to measure the effects of global warming一
and trying to figure out what to do about it.
Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world,and they found
that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009,satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the sur-
faces of 167 lakes.During those 24 years,the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree
Celsius per year.
In some places,lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate,a
lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years.That difference may seem small一you might not
even notice it in your bath.But in a lake,slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）,and
algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.
The study shows that in some regions,lakes are warming faster than the air around them.This is impor-
tant because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using
lake temperatures as well,scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on
lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.
That's going to be useful,since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.Scientists
aren't the only ones concerned.Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of
the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it,especially by reducing the
amount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.
That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change,or UNFCCC.
Every year the convention meets,and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about
climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：由第二段可知，科学家从1985年开始记录湖水温度的，到现在还不到30年。
由第二段最后一句话可知，此判断正确。
湖水在亚洲温暖的快在文中没有信息依据。
由第三段最后一句话可知，此判断正确。
由第四段第二句话可知，科学家经常用空气温度来研究地球变暖的问题，说明他们关 注的主要焦点在于空气温度。
由第五段的内容可知，地球上的任何人都应关心全球变暖的问题。
在文中没有提及今年的UNFCCC在哪举行。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第2题：
共用题干
第一篇
Is Global Warming Good for Farming?
You might think a little global warming is good for farming. Longer,warmer growing seasons
and more carbon dioxide(CO2）一what plant wouldn't love that?The agricultural industry basically agrees on that. But global warming's effects on agriculture would actually be quite complicated一and mostly not for the better.
It's true that some crops will prosper on a warmer planet,but the key word there is"some."According to a government report,higher CO2 levels and longer growing seasons will increase yields for fruit growers in the Great Lakes region.But many major American crops already use CO2 so efficiently that more of it probably won't make much difference to them.
What will make a difference are all the other things we'll have more or as temperatures rise一namely droughts（干旱）,bugs and big storms. More droughts mean lower crop yields. Melting snow in the Western US will increase water availability in spring but decrease it in summer,forcing farmers to change cropping practices.As insects that eat crops adapt their migration patterns to our warmer climate,farmers will have to either use more insecticide or plant hardier crops.
Farmers on both coasts are already starting to reap some of what the nation's fossil-fuel addiction has sown.Crops in those regions require a certain number of colder days or"winter chill"before they break dormancy（冬眠）and begin flowering. Too few cold days breaks the plants' flowering schedule which in turn affects pollination（授粉）and hurts yield.
So,given how much is at stake for them,how are farm states working to shape climate legislation?In response to agricultural demands,the Waxman-Markey bill frees the agricultural industry from CO2 emission limits and gives up control over what activities guarantee carbon offset credit to the Agricultural Department.
Some farmers一and some farm state congressional leaders一have argued that because plants convert CO2 into oxygen,agricultural lands store more CO2 than they emit. This is only theoretically true.What we can say with certainty is that,like most big industries,farming is fossil-fuel intensive一large quantities of CO2 are emitted from farm equipment such as irrigation pumps and tractors.Under the influence of global warming the yields of American crops will_______.
A:be greatly enhanced
B:be certainly reduced
C:still remain stable
D:be hard to predict答案：D解析：本题是细节考查题。题干是：在全球变暖的影响下，美国粮食产量会如何？选D的依据是第一段最后一句：" But global warming's effects on a幼culture would actually be quite complicated一and mostly not for the better.”但是，全球变暖对农业的影响实际上是相当复杂的―并且大多数的影响都不会促进农业生产。选项D是说在全球变暖的影响下，美国粮食产量会很难预测，与原文意思一致。
本题是细节考查题。题干是：第三段最后一行的“hardier crops”指的是何种作物？选B的依据是第三段最后一句：" As insects that eat crops adapt their migration patterns to our warmer climate , farmers will have to either use more insecticide or plant hardier crops.”由于吃农作物的昆虫会改变其迁徒模式以适应变暖的气候，农民将不得不使用更多的杀虫剂或种植抗虫害能力更强的农作物。选项B的意思是对虫子有抵抗力的作物，与原文意思相符。
本题是细节考查题。题干是：美国东西两岸过度使用化石燃料的结果是什么？选A的依据是第四段最后一句：" Too few cold days breaks the plants' flowering schedule which in turn affects pollination（授粉）and hurts yield.”寒冷的日子太少会打乱这些作物的开花周期，进而影响作物的授粉和产量。选项A的意思由于冬季寒冷时间的缩短，作物的产量降低了，与原文意思相符。
本题是细节考查题。题干是：根据《瓦克斯曼?马基法案》，农业产业怎样？选B的依据是第五段的第二句：" In response to a护cultural demands , the Waxman-Markey bill frees the a护cultural industry from CO2 emission limits and gives up control over what activities guarantee carbon offset credit to the A幼cultural Department.”在应对农业需求方面，《瓦克斯曼·马基法案》使农业不受二氧化碳减排计划的约束，并且将如何才能保证有效的碳补偿的控制权交给了农业部。选项D的意思是根据《瓦克斯曼·马基法案》，农业产业可以产出多少二氧化碳量就排放多少，与原文相符。
本题是细节考查题。题干是：作者最有可能认同的有关农业产业的说法是哪个？选D的依据是最后一段最后一句：" What we can say with certainty is that , like most big industries,farming is fossil-fuel intensive一large quantities of CO2 are emitted from farm equipment such as irrigation pumps and tractors.”但我们能确定地说的是，与大多数大型产业一样，农业也是化石燃料密集型产业―灌溉水泵、拖拉机等农业设备往往会排放出大量的二氧化碳。选项D的意思是农业产业消耗很多化石燃料，与原文相符。后一句的wouldn't be surprise…均表明，与20世纪70年代的情况不同，现在实行4天工作制的可能性非常大。选项C的意思是4天工作制很有可能普及，与原文相符。 -
第3题：
共用题干
第一篇
An Expensive Mistake
Is there water on the planet Mars? Is there life on Mars?Was there ever life on Mars?Scientists from
NASA wanted to know the answers to tliese questions.They built a spacecraft to travel around Mars and get
informnation.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate orbiter.
The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars iii December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first,
everything was fine.However.when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft
didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.it was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft
couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.
How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists
planned? Finally,they found the anlswer. Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter. One team
was in England,and one teann was in the United States.There were many similarities in the way they
worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The
United States team used the metric systcnni（公制）.The oilier team used the English system.
Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit
(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong
path.The Orbiter got too close amid too hot,and it stopped functioning.
Why didn'tanybody see the mistake before it was too late?Many things contributed to the problem.
One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same
time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.
The Mars Climate Orbiter cost $94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Or-
biter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't
the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the
Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to get information about_______.
A:the size of Mars
B:possible life on Mars
C:the shape of Mars
D:the atmosphere of Mars答案：B解析：文章第一段以三个问句开头：“火星上有水吗？"“火星上有生命吗？"“火星上有过生命吗？”接着指出NASA的科学家们想知道这些问题的答案，他们建造了航天飞船环绕火星飞行来获得信息。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句话可知，飞船从地球到火星的旅程花费了九个半月的时间，故选B。
由文章第二段第三、四句话“Atfirst,everythingwasfine.However,whentheOrbitergotnearMars,somethingterriblehappened.”可知飞船是在接近火星时出现问题的。
由文章第三段和第四段可知，来自英国和美国的两组科学家共同负责飞船的工作，他们在做计算工作时采用了不同的计算准则。这造成计算数据出错，导致飞船绕火星飞行的轨道出现偏差。故选D。
由文章倒数第二段可知，科学家们没能发现错误的其中一个原因是NASA的科学家和数学家们同时还要负责另外两个航天器的工作，长时间的工作使他们非常疲惫。故选C。 -
第4题：
共用题干
An Expensive Mistake
Is there water on the planet Mars?Is there life in Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions.They built a space-craft to travel around Mars and get information.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter.
The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars in December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first,everything was fine.However,when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.It was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.
How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned?Finally,they found the answer.Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter.One team was in England,and one team was in United States.There were many similarities in the way they worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The United States team used the metric system（公制）.The other team used the English system.
Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path.The Orbiter got too close and too hot.And it stopped functioning.
Why didn't anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem.One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.
The Mars Climate Orbiter cost$94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Orbiter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to get information about______.
A:possible life on Mars
B:the size of Mars
C:the shape of Mars
D:the atmosphere of Mars答案：A解析：题干意为“NASA建造火星气候轨道器以获取关于火星上可能有生命的信息。”短文第一段提到，“火星上有水吗？ 火星上有生命吗？ 曾经是否有生命？ NASA的科学家想要知道这些问题的答案。他们建造了航天器绕火星飞行以获取这些信息。航天器的名字叫火星气候轨道器。”故选A。
题干意为“轨道器需要多长时间接近火星？ 不到一年。”短文第二段前两句提到，火星气候轨道器于1998年12月向火星进发，旅程用了九个半月。故此选B。
题干意为“轨道器什么时候开始出现问题？ 当它接近火星的时候。”短文第二段第三、四句提到，起初一切正常，然而当轨道器接近火星的时候，糟糕的事情发生了。故选B。
题干意为“是什么导致了轨道器的问题？科学家用了不同的测量系统。”短文第三段提出，有两组科学家一起开展关于轨道器的工作，一组在英国，另一组在美国。这两组科学家的工作方式大部分是相似的，但有一点重要的不同，那就是他们使用了不同的测量体系，美国组用的是公制，而英国组用的是英制，故选D。
题干意为“为什么NASA的科学家没有在轨道器前往火星前发现问题？”短文第五段第三、四句指出，其中的一个原因是，NASA的科学家和数学家在研究火星气候轨道器的同时还在研究另外两台航天器，长时间的工作让他们非常疲惫。故选D。 -
第5题：
共用题干
第三篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be
observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they
would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a
hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become
one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of
common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor-
hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be
able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate
changes."What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?
A:To study when plants will have their first buds.
B:To find out the types of plants in the neighborhood.
C:To collect life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.
D:To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.答案：D解析：
短文第一段提到科学家们不可能观察每一个地方的气候变化的现象，所以邀请普通人 为他们观察、收集信息。
短文第二段讲到，平民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方 面，并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。结合选项，可知答案 为B。
短文第二段最后一句话的后半部分“所要做的仅仅是每天或每周抽出几分钟的时间来 收集数据并发送到数据库”可知，"one”是针对citizen scientist来说的。
全文都在讲述普通人参与科学项目的研究，只有A选项不符合题意。其他选项都能在 文中找到。
短文最后一段指出，通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会 有怎样的影响。所以选D。第5部分：补全短文 -
第6题：
共用题干
An Expensive Mistake
Is there water on the planet Mars?Is there life in Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions.They built a space-craft to travel around Mars and get information.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter.
The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars in December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first,everything was fine.However,when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.It was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.
How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned?Finally,they found the answer.Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter.One team was in England,and one team was in United States.There were many similarities in the way they worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The United States team used the metric system（公制）.The other team used the English system.
Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path.The Orbiter got too close and too hot.And it stopped functioning.
Why didn't anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem.One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.
The Mars Climate Orbiter cost$94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Orbiter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!How long did it take the Orbiter to get close to Mars?
A:One year.
B:Less than one year.
C:About two and a half year.
D:More than three years.答案：B解析：题干意为“NASA建造火星气候轨道器以获取关于火星上可能有生命的信息。”短文第一段提到，“火星上有水吗？ 火星上有生命吗？ 曾经是否有生命？ NASA的科学家想要知道这些问题的答案。他们建造了航天器绕火星飞行以获取这些信息。航天器的名字叫火星气候轨道器。”故选A。
题干意为“轨道器需要多长时间接近火星？ 不到一年。”短文第二段前两句提到，火星气候轨道器于1998年12月向火星进发，旅程用了九个半月。故此选B。
题干意为“轨道器什么时候开始出现问题？ 当它接近火星的时候。”短文第二段第三、四句提到，起初一切正常，然而当轨道器接近火星的时候，糟糕的事情发生了。故选B。
题干意为“是什么导致了轨道器的问题？科学家用了不同的测量系统。”短文第三段提出，有两组科学家一起开展关于轨道器的工作，一组在英国，另一组在美国。这两组科学家的工作方式大部分是相似的，但有一点重要的不同，那就是他们使用了不同的测量体系，美国组用的是公制，而英国组用的是英制，故选D。
题干意为“为什么NASA的科学家没有在轨道器前往火星前发现问题？”短文第五段第三、四句指出，其中的一个原因是，NASA的科学家和数学家在研究火星气候轨道器的同时还在研究另外两台航天器，长时间的工作让他们非常疲惫。故选D。 -
第7题：
共用题干
Lakes,Too,Feel Global Warming
There's no doubt;In the last few decades,the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has
been in hundreds of years,Around the world,people are starting to measure the effects of global warming一
and trying to figure out what to do about it.
Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world,and they found
that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009,satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the sur-
faces of 167 lakes.During those 24 years,the lakes got warmer一by an average of about 0.045 degree
Celsius per year.
In some places,lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate,a
lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years?That difference may seem imull一you might not
even notice it in your bath.But in a lake,slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）,and
algae can make the lake poisonous（有毒的）to fish.
The study shows that in some regions,lakes are warming faster than the air around them.This is impor-
tant because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming.By using
lake temperatures as well,scientists can get a better picture of global warming.The scientists say data on
lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.
That’s going to be useful,since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.Scientists
aren't the only ones concerned、 Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of
the planet.Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it,especially by reducing the
amount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.
That’s why the United Nations started the F'ramework Convention on Climate Change,or UNFCCC.
Every year the convention meets,and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about
climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：由第二段可知，科学家从1985年开始记录湖水温度的：到现在还不到30年。
由第二段最后一句话可知，此判断正确。
湖水在亚洲温暖的快在文中没有信息依据。
由第三段最后一句话可知，此判断正确。
由第四段第二句话可知，科学家经常用空气温度来研究地球变暖的问题，说明他们关 注的主要焦点在于空气温度。
由第五段的内容可知，地球上的任何人都应关心全球变暖的问题。
在文中没有提及今年的UNFCCC在哪举行。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第8题：
共用题干
Lakes,Too,Feel Global Warming
There's no doubt;In the last few decades,the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has
been in hundreds of years,Around the world,people are starting to measure the effects of global warming一
and trying to figure out what to do about it.
Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world,and they found
that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009,satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the sur-
faces of 167 lakes.During those 24 years,the lakes got warmer一by an average of about 0.045 degree
Celsius per year.
In some places,lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate,a
lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years?That difference may seem imull一you might not
even notice it in your bath.But in a lake,slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）,and
algae can make the lake poisonous（有毒的）to fish.
The study shows that in some regions,lakes are warming faster than the air around them.This is impor-
tant because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming.By using
lake temperatures as well,scientists can get a better picture of global warming.The scientists say data on
lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.
That’s going to be useful,since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.Scientists
aren't the only ones concerned、 Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of
the planet.Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it,especially by reducing the
amount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.
That’s why the United Nations started the F'ramework Convention on Climate Change,or UNFCCC.
Every year the convention meets,and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about
climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：由第二段可知，科学家从1985年开始记录湖水温度的：到现在还不到30年。
由第二段最后一句话可知，此判断正确。
湖水在亚洲温暖的快在文中没有信息依据。
由第三段最后一句话可知，此判断正确。
由第四段第二句话可知，科学家经常用空气温度来研究地球变暖的问题，说明他们关 注的主要焦点在于空气温度。
由第五段的内容可知，地球上的任何人都应关心全球变暖的问题。
在文中没有提及今年的UNFCCC在哪举行。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第9题：
共用题干
第二篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
（生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,
for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang,
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database
（数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large
amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping
large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All
that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety
of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their
neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,
we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re-
spond as the climate changes."What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?
A:Only experts can participate in it.
B:Everybody can participate in it.
C:It collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants.
D:It has its own website.答案：A解析：由第二段可知，科学家是在请普通公民观察气候变化的某些迹象并将数据传到指定网址上，故选Co
由第二段第三句“…encourages ordinary people to observe a very spccific research interesl—…send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists."可知应选B。
仔细看该词所在句的前一句“Much like citizen journalists.., citizen scientists are ready for...”可知，one指one of citizen scientists。所以正确答案为B。
文章倒数第二段提到“People participating in the project一which ie open to everyone"，山 此可知这个计划向所有人开放，因此A为本题答案。
文章第一句“Understanding how nature responds to climate change"和文章最后一句“…to make an estimatc of how planu and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”都给出了研究的目的，所以D为正确答案。第三篇 本文主要介绍了撒哈扛沙漠的地理位置、气候权况、农业和交通运输状况 -
第10题：
共用题干
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events-flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring-all around the world.But ecologists can't be______(51)so they are turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.______(52)there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they are asking for your help in_______(53)signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages______(54)people to observe a very specific research interest-birds,trees,flowers budding,etc-and send their observations______(55)a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a______(56)amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.______(57)like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.______(58)that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and_______(59)it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year______(60) the National
Phenology（生物气候学）Network."Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists______(61)to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle______(62)on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project-which is______(63)to everyone-record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't______(64)to be plant experts-they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Scheartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,we'11 be able to make an'estimate of______(65)plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes."_________65
A:who
B:how
C:before
D:since答案：B解析：空格后的句子表明，生态学家正向公民科学家寻求帮助，可推测出每个地方不可能都有生态学家。故此处应选择A项。 everywhere每个地方；anywhere任何地方（通常用于疑问句或否定句）;somewhere某些地方；nowhere任何地方都不。
此处表示：因为世界上有很多地方，但科学家的数量却不足，所以他们才寻求帮助。所以选择D项。if如果，倘若；although尽管；when当……的时候；because因为。
气候变化的迹象需要人们进行“观察”。give给，给予；show展示；develop发展，开发； observe观察，观测。
结合上下文可知，公民科学家运动鼓励一般人观察非常具体的研究对象。special特殊的；professional专业的；skillful熟练的；ordinary普通的，一般的。
send…to…是固定搭配，表示“把……送往……”，符合题意。
公民科学家帮助搜集数据，为数不多的气候学家就可以分析大量的数据。空格处应该是在强调数据量的庞大，因此选择D项。small小的，少的limited有限的simple简单的，朴素的large大的，大规模的。
空格所在的句子把公民记者与公民科学家进行比较，表明他们的作用相似。much like 表示“就像……一样”，其中much修饰like，符合题意。very like与……很像，但不能用在句首，因此排除A项like与as都有“像……一样”的意思，若连用则意思重复，因此排除C项； many是形容词，不能修饰介词like，因此排除D项。
第二段最后一句表明，要想成为公民科学家中的一员，需要做的全部事情就是每天或每周留出几分钟来搜集并发送数据。all全部，所有；any任何；some一些，某些；most大多数，大部分。
根据第二段第三句可知，公民科学家搜集完信息后要将信息发往一个巨大的数据库，供专业科学家进行分析，所以此处选用send(送往，发送）。print打印，冲洗；answer回答；keep 保持，保留。
此处表示被称为国家物候网络的组织，应该用called，表示事物与名称的关系。known 被知道，若要表示“被称为”应用known as ; featured有……的特征；belonged属于，是……的成员；called被称为，被叫作。
这句话的大意是：这个团体最初的努力要依靠科学家和非科学家这类人去搜集花开叶落的信息。alike相似的，一类的（人或物），通常作后置定语；like相似的，一般作前置定语；un-like不同的; likely可能的，有希望的。
本句大意是：花季追踪计划搜集美国各地的植物的生长周期的数据。而且四个选项中唯有data可以与collects（搜集）搭配。point观点，看法；wonder奇迹，惊奇；data数据；interest 兴趣。
本句大意是：参与这一项目的人―这一项目对所有人开放―他们仅仅需要看看周围有什么。common普通的，平常的；suitable合适的；open开放的；strange奇怪的。
don't have to是固定搭配，意思是“无需，不必”，符合题意。want想要；forget忘记；mind 介意。
这句话的大意是：通过搜集数据，我们就能估算出植物和生物群落对气候变化会做出怎样的反应。how表示对方式的提问，用在此处符合题意。wh。谁，用来提问或连接先行词为人的定语从句；before在……之前；since自从，常用来引导时间状语从句，从句常用过去时，主句常用现在完成时。 -
第11题：
单选题Does everyone in your office always agree all the time？ When someone makes a suggestion， does everyone just smile and nod in agreement？ When you bring forward an idea， do people just accept t？ Well， if you answered yes" to any of these questions， you are in an extremely unusual workplace. People are people. And people butt heads.They disagree， they argue， and they fight. You can’t get around it. But you can learn to deal with it To hold your own， you need to learn how to argue effectively. If you’ve got an opinion， you need to defend it. And if you have a problem with something a colleague has done， you need to let tem know. This can make for some difficult discussions and meetings， but this is just a part of life and business skills. So how can you argue effectively？ Well， you need several. （）From the first paragraph we can know that in the office.Apeople sometimes argue
Bpeople always agree
Cpeople always get around it
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following?ADescribing the life cycle of the Plasmodium protozoan as it relates to the disease malaria
BComparing and contrasting the life cycles of the six variants of the Plasmodium protozoan known to cause malaria
CAddressing the public health implications of the life cycle of the Plasmodium parasite
DProviding information on how a person can avoid infection with malaria
EDescribing the life cycle of the Anopheles mosquito as it relates to the transmission of the Plasmodium protozoan to humans
正确答案： B解析：
主旨题。文章主要在介绍与疟疾原生动物疟原虫的生命周期，故应选A项。 -
第13题：
共用题干
第一篇
Is Global Warming Good for Farming?
You might think a little global warming is good for farming. Longer,warmer growing seasons
and more carbon dioxide(CO2）一what plant wouldn't love that?The agricultural industry basically agrees on that. But global warming's effects on agriculture would actually be quite complicated一and mostly not for the better.
It's true that some crops will prosper on a warmer planet,but the key word there is"some."According to a government report,higher CO2 levels and longer growing seasons will increase yields for fruit growers in the Great Lakes region.But many major American crops already use CO2 so efficiently that more of it probably won't make much difference to them.
What will make a difference are all the other things we'll have more or as temperatures rise一namely droughts（干旱）,bugs and big storms. More droughts mean lower crop yields. Melting snow in the Western US will increase water availability in spring but decrease it in summer,forcing farmers to change cropping practices.As insects that eat crops adapt their migration patterns to our warmer climate,farmers will have to either use more insecticide or plant hardier crops.
Farmers on both coasts are already starting to reap some of what the nation's fossil-fuel addiction has sown.Crops in those regions require a certain number of colder days or"winter chill"before they break dormancy（冬眠）and begin flowering. Too few cold days breaks the plants' flowering schedule which in turn affects pollination（授粉）and hurts yield.
So,given how much is at stake for them,how are farm states working to shape climate legislation?In response to agricultural demands,the Waxman-Markey bill frees the agricultural industry from CO2 emission limits and gives up control over what activities guarantee carbon offset credit to the Agricultural Department.
Some farmers一and some farm state congressional leaders一have argued that because plants convert CO2 into oxygen,agricultural lands store more CO2 than they emit. This is only theoretically true.What we can say with certainty is that,like most big industries,farming is fossil-fuel intensive一large quantities of CO2 are emitted from farm equipment such as irrigation pumps and tractors.What is the result of"the nation's fossil-fuel addiction"on both coasts?
A:Plants yield decreases due to shortened winter chill.
B:Plants yield without dormancy and flowering.
C:Crops require longer winter chill than before.
D:The yields are no longer influenced by the climate.答案：A解析：本题是细节考查题。题干是：在全球变暖的影响下，美国粮食产量会如何？选D的依据是第一段最后一句：" But global warming's effects on a幼culture would actually be quite complicated一and mostly not for the better.”但是，全球变暖对农业的影响实际上是相当复杂的―并且大多数的影响都不会促进农业生产。选项D是说在全球变暖的影响下，美国粮食产量会很难预测，与原文意思一致。
本题是细节考查题。题干是：第三段最后一行的“hardier crops”指的是何种作物？选B的依据是第三段最后一句：" As insects that eat crops adapt their migration patterns to our warmer climate , farmers will have to either use more insecticide or plant hardier crops.”由于吃农作物的昆虫会改变其迁徒模式以适应变暖的气候，农民将不得不使用更多的杀虫剂或种植抗虫害能力更强的农作物。选项B的意思是对虫子有抵抗力的作物，与原文意思相符。
本题是细节考查题。题干是：美国东西两岸过度使用化石燃料的结果是什么？选A的依据是第四段最后一句：" Too few cold days breaks the plants' flowering schedule which in turn affects pollination（授粉）and hurts yield.”寒冷的日子太少会打乱这些作物的开花周期，进而影响作物的授粉和产量。选项A的意思由于冬季寒冷时间的缩短，作物的产量降低了，与原文意思相符。
本题是细节考查题。题干是：根据《瓦克斯曼?马基法案》，农业产业怎样？选B的依据是第五段的第二句：" In response to a护cultural demands , the Waxman-Markey bill frees the a护cultural industry from CO2 emission limits and gives up control over what activities guarantee carbon offset credit to the A幼cultural Department.”在应对农业需求方面，《瓦克斯曼·马基法案》使农业不受二氧化碳减排计划的约束，并且将如何才能保证有效的碳补偿的控制权交给了农业部。选项D的意思是根据《瓦克斯曼·马基法案》，农业产业可以产出多少二氧化碳量就排放多少，与原文相符。
本题是细节考查题。题干是：作者最有可能认同的有关农业产业的说法是哪个？选D的依据是最后一段最后一句：" What we can say with certainty is that , like most big industries,farming is fossil-fuel intensive一large quantities of CO2 are emitted from farm equipment such as irrigation pumps and tractors.”但我们能确定地说的是，与大多数大型产业一样，农业也是化石燃料密集型产业―灌溉水泵、拖拉机等农业设备往往会排放出大量的二氧化碳。选项D的意思是农业产业消耗很多化石燃料，与原文相符。后一句的wouldn't be surprise…均表明，与20世纪70年代的情况不同，现在实行4天工作制的可能性非常大。选项C的意思是4天工作制很有可能普及，与原文相符。 -
第14题：
共用题干
第三篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be
observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they
would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a
hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become
one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of
common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor-
hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be
able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate
changes."In"All that's needed to become one…（Paragraph 2)",what does the word"one"stand for?
A:A citizen journalist.
B:A citizen scientist?
C:A scientist.
D:A citizen.答案：B解析：
短文第一段提到科学家们不可能观察每一个地方的气候变化的现象，所以邀请普通人 为他们观察、收集信息。
短文第二段讲到，平民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方 面，并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。结合选项，可知答案 为B。
短文第二段最后一句话的后半部分“所要做的仅仅是每天或每周抽出几分钟的时间来 收集数据并发送到数据库”可知，"one”是针对citizen scientist来说的。
全文都在讲述普通人参与科学项目的研究，只有A选项不符合题意。其他选项都能在 文中找到。
短文最后一段指出，通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会 有怎样的影响。所以选D。第5部分：补全短文 -
第15题：
共用题干
第三篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be
observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they
would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a
hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become
one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of
common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor-
hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be
able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate
changes."What are citizen scientists asked to do?
A:To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.
B:To send their research observations to a professional database.
C:To increase their knowledge about climate change.
D:To keep a record of their research observations.答案：B解析：
短文第一段提到科学家们不可能观察每一个地方的气候变化的现象，所以邀请普通人 为他们观察、收集信息。
短文第二段讲到，平民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方 面，并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。结合选项，可知答案 为B。
短文第二段最后一句话的后半部分“所要做的仅仅是每天或每周抽出几分钟的时间来 收集数据并发送到数据库”可知，"one”是针对citizen scientist来说的。
全文都在讲述普通人参与科学项目的研究，只有A选项不符合题意。其他选项都能在 文中找到。
短文最后一段指出，通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会 有怎样的影响。所以选D。第5部分：补全短文 -
第16题：
共用题干
第三篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be
observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they
would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a
hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become
one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of
common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor-
hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be
able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate
changes."Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need them_________.
A:to provide their personal life cycles
B:to observe the life cycle of plants
C:to collect data of the life cycle of living things
D:to teach children knowledge about climate change答案：C解析：
短文第一段提到科学家们不可能观察每一个地方的气候变化的现象，所以邀请普通人 为他们观察、收集信息。
短文第二段讲到，平民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方 面，并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。结合选项，可知答案 为B。
短文第二段最后一句话的后半部分“所要做的仅仅是每天或每周抽出几分钟的时间来 收集数据并发送到数据库”可知，"one”是针对citizen scientist来说的。
全文都在讲述普通人参与科学项目的研究，只有A选项不符合题意。其他选项都能在 文中找到。
短文最后一段指出，通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会 有怎样的影响。所以选D。第5部分：补全短文 -
第17题：
共用题干
第三篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be
observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they
would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a
hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become
one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of
common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor-
hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be
able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate
changes."What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?
A:Only experts can participate in it.
B:Everybody can participate in it.
C:It collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants.
D:It has its own website.答案：A解析：
短文第一段提到科学家们不可能观察每一个地方的气候变化的现象，所以邀请普通人 为他们观察、收集信息。
短文第二段讲到，平民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方 面，并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。结合选项，可知答案 为B。
短文第二段最后一句话的后半部分“所要做的仅仅是每天或每周抽出几分钟的时间来 收集数据并发送到数据库”可知，"one”是针对citizen scientist来说的。
全文都在讲述普通人参与科学项目的研究，只有A选项不符合题意。其他选项都能在 文中找到。
短文最后一段指出，通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会 有怎样的影响。所以选D。第5部分：补全短文 -
第18题：
共用题干
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events-flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring-all around the world.But ecologists can't be______(51)so they are turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.______(52)there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they are asking for your help in_______(53)signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages______(54)people to observe a very specific research interest-birds,trees,flowers budding,etc-and send their observations______(55)a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a______(56)amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.______(57)like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.______(58)that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and_______(59)it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year______(60) the National
Phenology（生物气候学）Network."Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists______(61)to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle______(62)on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project-which is______(63)to everyone-record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't______(64)to be plant experts-they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Scheartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,we'11 be able to make an'estimate of______(65)plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes."_________63
A:common
B:suitable
C:open
D:strange答案：C解析：空格后的句子表明，生态学家正向公民科学家寻求帮助，可推测出每个地方不可能都有生态学家。故此处应选择A项。 everywhere每个地方；anywhere任何地方（通常用于疑问句或否定句）;somewhere某些地方；nowhere任何地方都不。
此处表示：因为世界上有很多地方，但科学家的数量却不足，所以他们才寻求帮助。所以选择D项。if如果，倘若；although尽管；when当……的时候；because因为。
气候变化的迹象需要人们进行“观察”。give给，给予；show展示；develop发展，开发； observe观察，观测。
结合上下文可知，公民科学家运动鼓励一般人观察非常具体的研究对象。special特殊的；professional专业的；skillful熟练的；ordinary普通的，一般的。
send…to…是固定搭配，表示“把……送往……”，符合题意。
公民科学家帮助搜集数据，为数不多的气候学家就可以分析大量的数据。空格处应该是在强调数据量的庞大，因此选择D项。small小的，少的limited有限的simple简单的，朴素的large大的，大规模的。
空格所在的句子把公民记者与公民科学家进行比较，表明他们的作用相似。much like 表示“就像……一样”，其中much修饰like，符合题意。very like与……很像，但不能用在句首，因此排除A项like与as都有“像……一样”的意思，若连用则意思重复，因此排除C项； many是形容词，不能修饰介词like，因此排除D项。
第二段最后一句表明，要想成为公民科学家中的一员，需要做的全部事情就是每天或每周留出几分钟来搜集并发送数据。all全部，所有；any任何；some一些，某些；most大多数，大部分。
根据第二段第三句可知，公民科学家搜集完信息后要将信息发往一个巨大的数据库，供专业科学家进行分析，所以此处选用send(送往，发送）。print打印，冲洗；answer回答；keep 保持，保留。
此处表示被称为国家物候网络的组织，应该用called，表示事物与名称的关系。known 被知道，若要表示“被称为”应用known as ; featured有……的特征；belonged属于，是……的成员；called被称为，被叫作。
这句话的大意是：这个团体最初的努力要依靠科学家和非科学家这类人去搜集花开叶落的信息。alike相似的，一类的（人或物），通常作后置定语；like相似的，一般作前置定语；un-like不同的; likely可能的，有希望的。
本句大意是：花季追踪计划搜集美国各地的植物的生长周期的数据。而且四个选项中唯有data可以与collects（搜集）搭配。point观点，看法；wonder奇迹，惊奇；data数据；interest 兴趣。
本句大意是：参与这一项目的人―这一项目对所有人开放―他们仅仅需要看看周围有什么。common普通的，平常的；suitable合适的；open开放的；strange奇怪的。
don't have to是固定搭配，意思是“无需，不必”，符合题意。want想要；forget忘记；mind 介意。
这句话的大意是：通过搜集数据，我们就能估算出植物和生物群落对气候变化会做出怎样的反应。how表示对方式的提问，用在此处符合题意。wh。谁，用来提问或连接先行词为人的定语从句；before在……之前；since自从，常用来引导时间状语从句，从句常用过去时，主句常用现在完成时。 -
第19题：
共用题干
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events-flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring-all around the world.But ecologists can't be______(51)so they are turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.______(52)there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they are asking for your help in_______(53)signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages______(54)people to observe a very specific research interest-birds,trees,flowers budding,etc-and send their observations______(55)a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a______(56)amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.______(57)like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.______(58)that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and_______(59)it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year______(60) the National
Phenology（生物气候学）Network."Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists______(61)to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle______(62)on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project-which is______(63)to everyone-record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't______(64)to be plant experts-they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Scheartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,we'11 be able to make an'estimate of______(65)plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes."_________58
A:All
B:Any
C:Some
D:Most答案：A解析：空格后的句子表明，生态学家正向公民科学家寻求帮助，可推测出每个地方不可能都有生态学家。故此处应选择A项。 everywhere每个地方；anywhere任何地方（通常用于疑问句或否定句）;somewhere某些地方；nowhere任何地方都不。
此处表示：因为世界上有很多地方，但科学家的数量却不足，所以他们才寻求帮助。所以选择D项。if如果，倘若；although尽管；when当……的时候；because因为。
气候变化的迹象需要人们进行“观察”。give给，给予；show展示；develop发展，开发； observe观察，观测。
结合上下文可知，公民科学家运动鼓励一般人观察非常具体的研究对象。special特殊的；professional专业的；skillful熟练的；ordinary普通的，一般的。
send…to…是固定搭配，表示“把……送往……”，符合题意。
公民科学家帮助搜集数据，为数不多的气候学家就可以分析大量的数据。空格处应该是在强调数据量的庞大，因此选择D项。small小的，少的limited有限的simple简单的，朴素的large大的，大规模的。
空格所在的句子把公民记者与公民科学家进行比较，表明他们的作用相似。much like 表示“就像……一样”，其中much修饰like，符合题意。very like与……很像，但不能用在句首，因此排除A项like与as都有“像……一样”的意思，若连用则意思重复，因此排除C项； many是形容词，不能修饰介词like，因此排除D项。
第二段最后一句表明，要想成为公民科学家中的一员，需要做的全部事情就是每天或每周留出几分钟来搜集并发送数据。all全部，所有；any任何；some一些，某些；most大多数，大部分。
根据第二段第三句可知，公民科学家搜集完信息后要将信息发往一个巨大的数据库，供专业科学家进行分析，所以此处选用send(送往，发送）。print打印，冲洗；answer回答；keep 保持，保留。
此处表示被称为国家物候网络的组织，应该用called，表示事物与名称的关系。known 被知道，若要表示“被称为”应用known as ; featured有……的特征；belonged属于，是……的成员；called被称为，被叫作。
这句话的大意是：这个团体最初的努力要依靠科学家和非科学家这类人去搜集花开叶落的信息。alike相似的，一类的（人或物），通常作后置定语；like相似的，一般作前置定语；un-like不同的; likely可能的，有希望的。
本句大意是：花季追踪计划搜集美国各地的植物的生长周期的数据。而且四个选项中唯有data可以与collects（搜集）搭配。point观点，看法；wonder奇迹，惊奇；data数据；interest 兴趣。
本句大意是：参与这一项目的人―这一项目对所有人开放―他们仅仅需要看看周围有什么。common普通的，平常的；suitable合适的；open开放的；strange奇怪的。
don't have to是固定搭配，意思是“无需，不必”，符合题意。want想要；forget忘记；mind 介意。
这句话的大意是：通过搜集数据，我们就能估算出植物和生物群落对气候变化会做出怎样的反应。how表示对方式的提问，用在此处符合题意。wh。谁，用来提问或连接先行词为人的定语从句；before在……之前；since自从，常用来引导时间状语从句，从句常用过去时，主句常用现在完成时。 -
第20题：
共用题干
第二篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
（生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,
for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang,
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database
（数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large
amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping
large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All
that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety
of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their
neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,
we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re-
spond as the climate changes."Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need them________________.
A:to provide their personal life cycles
B:to observe the life cycle of plants
C:to collect data of the life cycle of living things
D:to teach children knowledge about climate change答案：C解析：由第二段可知，科学家是在请普通公民观察气候变化的某些迹象并将数据传到指定网址上，故选Co
由第二段第三句“…encourages ordinary people to observe a very spccific research interesl—…send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists."可知应选B。
仔细看该词所在句的前一句“Much like citizen journalists.., citizen scientists are ready for...”可知，one指one of citizen scientists。所以正确答案为B。
文章倒数第二段提到“People participating in the project一which ie open to everyone"，山 此可知这个计划向所有人开放，因此A为本题答案。
文章第一句“Understanding how nature responds to climate change"和文章最后一句“…to make an estimatc of how planu and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”都给出了研究的目的，所以D为正确答案。第三篇 本文主要介绍了撒哈扛沙漠的地理位置、气候权况、农业和交通运输状况 -
第21题：
共用题干
第二篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
（生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,
for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang,
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database
（数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large
amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping
large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All
that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety
of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their
neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,
we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re-
spond as the climate changes."In"All that's needed to become one…（Paragraph 2)",what does the word"one"stands for?
A:A citizen journalist.
B:A citizen scientist.
C:A 5cientist.
D:A citizen.答案：B解析：由第二段可知，科学家是在请普通公民观察气候变化的某些迹象并将数据传到指定网址上，故选Co
由第二段第三句“…encourages ordinary people to observe a very spccific research interesl—…send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists."可知应选B。
仔细看该词所在句的前一句“Much like citizen journalists.., citizen scientists are ready for...”可知，one指one of citizen scientists。所以正确答案为B。
文章倒数第二段提到“People participating in the project一which ie open to everyone"，山 此可知这个计划向所有人开放，因此A为本题答案。
文章第一句“Understanding how nature responds to climate change"和文章最后一句“…to make an estimatc of how planu and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”都给出了研究的目的，所以D为正确答案。第三篇 本文主要介绍了撒哈扛沙漠的地理位置、气候权况、农业和交通运输状况 -
第22题：
共用题干
第二篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
（生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,
for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang,
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database
（数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large
amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping
large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All
that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety
of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their
neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,
we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re-
spond as the climate changes."What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?
A:To study when plants will have their first buds.
B:To find out the types of plants in the neighborhood.
C:To collect life cycle data on"variety of common plants from across the United States.
D:To investigate how plants and animalsw lll respond as the climate changes.答案：D解析：由第二段可知，科学家是在请普通公民观察气候变化的某些迹象并将数据传到指定网址上，故选Co
由第二段第三句“…encourages ordinary people to observe a very spccific research interesl—…send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists."可知应选B。
仔细看该词所在句的前一句“Much like citizen journalists.., citizen scientists are ready for...”可知，one指one of citizen scientists。所以正确答案为B。
文章倒数第二段提到“People participating in the project一which ie open to everyone"，山 此可知这个计划向所有人开放，因此A为本题答案。
文章第一句“Understanding how nature responds to climate change"和文章最后一句“…to make an estimatc of how planu and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”都给出了研究的目的，所以D为正确答案。第三篇 本文主要介绍了撒哈扛沙漠的地理位置、气候权况、农业和交通运输状况 -
第23题：
单选题The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows _____.Abow much pressure you are under
Bhow positive events can change your life
Chow stressful a major event can be
Dhow you can deal with life changing events
正确答案： B解析：
细节推断题。首段前两句阐述压力核对表，表明任何生活的重大变化都有精神压力，第四句则说明该表的分数表明你必须处理多少压力。A项与原文属同义转述。