共用题干 Learn About Light1 Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years?The Greek philoso- phrrs believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision.However

共用题干
Dreams

Everyone can dream. Indeed,everyone does dream. Those who_________(51)that they never dream at
all actually dream_________(52)as frequently as the rest of us,______(53)they may not remember
anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly_________(54)of dreaming night after night very
seldom remember those dreams in_________(55)detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly
unrelated _________（56).Dreams are not simply visual一we dream with all our_________(57),so that we
appear to experience sound,touch,smell,and taste.
One of the world's oldest_________(58)written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams.This
volume is about five thousand years old,so you can see_________(59)dreams were believed to have a special
significance even then. Many ancient civilizations believed that you_________（60）never wake a sleeping person
as,during sleep,the soul had left the body and might not be able to return_________(61)time if the sleeper
were suddenly awoken.
From ancient times to the present_________(62),people have been making attempts to interpret
dreams and to_________(63)their significance. There are many books available on the_________(64)of
dream interpretation,although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream
_________(65)there are books.

_________(53)
A:though
B:besides
C:however
D:despite

共用题干
Learn about Light
1 .Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.
2 .In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is re-ferred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.
3 .Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day,the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashlights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.
4 .When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because nor-mally light rays travel in a straight line. However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）, etc.
5 .Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,number of wheel's teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.

Paragraph 3______
A: How Is the Nature of Light Explained Today?
B: What Are Sources of Light?
C: How Did Physicists Measure the Speed of Light?
D: How Does Light Travel?
E: How Did People Think of Light Years Ago?
F: What Causes a Shadow?

共用题干
第三篇

Small but Wise

On December 14,NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE
and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital
camera,and it will be taking pictures of some of the wildest objects in the known universe,including
asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
"I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen be-
fore,"said Ned Wright,a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit
(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap).Its camera is pointed outward,away
from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months
it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISE stands for
"Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer".As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features
that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light,including the familiar spectrum of light that be-
comes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a
tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter
the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light,so ordinary digital cameras don't see
them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can
be detected as warmth by the skin.
That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the
universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example, are giant rocks that float through space一but they
absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do
give off infrared radiation,so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During
its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space objects that will show up in WISE's pictures.These ob-
jects are "failed" stars一which means they are not massive enough to jump-start the same kind of reactions
that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that
they're almost impossible to see with visible light,but in the infrared spectrum they glow.

Which of the following statements about asteroids is NOT true?
A:The WISE telescope can catch and take pictures of them.
B:They do not reflect light that reaches them.
C:They float through space giving off visible light.
D:They are invisible to ordinary cameras.

共用题干
第三篇

Small but Wise

On December 14,NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE
and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital
camera,and it will be taking pictures of some of the wildest objects in the known universe,including
asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
"I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen be-
fore,"said Ned Wright,a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit
(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap).Its camera is pointed outward,away
from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months
it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISE stands for
"Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer".As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features
that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light,including the familiar spectrum of light that be-
comes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a
tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter
the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light,so ordinary digital cameras don't see
them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can
be detected as warmth by the skin.
That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the
universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example, are giant rocks that float through space一but they
absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do
give off infrared radiation,so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During
its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space objects that will show up in WISE's pictures.These ob-
jects are "failed" stars一which means they are not massive enough to jump-start the same kind of reactions
that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that
they're almost impossible to see with visible light,but in the infrared spectrum they glow.

What is so special about WISE?
A:It is as small as a trashcan.
B:It is small in size but carries a large camera.
C:Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.
D:Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.

共用题干
第三篇

Weaving with Light

In the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico,the native Huichol people live much the
way their ancestors did一without electricity,That’s because it's too expensive to string power lines to the
remote mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves,the Huichol create beautiful artwork.
They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity一at home or
on the road,they can only work during daylight hours?When it gets dark,they must stop whatever they're
doing.
Now，a team of scientists,designers,and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol
with light after the sun sets.The scientists'technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics
that can be made into clothes,bags,or other items.
By collecting the sun’s energy during the day,these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at
night一 Their inventors have named the fabrics" Portable（轻便的）Lights."Portable Lights have the potential
to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world.
At the core of Portable Lights technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes（高亮
度发光二极管）,or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights.
LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs（灯泡）.Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type
called incandescent lights（白炽灯）.Inside, electricity heats a metal coil（线圈）to about 2. 200 degrees
Celsius.At that temperature,bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by mnean-
descent lights,however,is heat一and invisible.With all that wasted energy,bulbs burn out quickly. They
are also easily broken.
LEDs,on the other hand,are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules（分子）that are arranged in
a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through a LED,the crystal structure produces light. Un-
like incandescent bulbs,they can produce light of various colors.Within a LED,the type of molecules and
their particular arrangement determine what color is produced.

The central part of the Portable Lights technology is_________.
A:glass bulbs
B:digital clocks
C:incandescent lights
D:HB LEDs

共用题干
A Star Is Born

1 The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world's largest telescope（望远镜）and is
taking astronomers（天文学家） further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought
possible.Located 2,600 metres up in the Chilean Andes,it has four huge mirrors,each about the size of a London bus.The VLT is so powerful it can spot a burning match 10,000
kilometres away.
2 This astonishing power will allow astronomers to see events in space from the birth of
stars to the collision（碰撞）of galaxies（星系）on the edge of the cosmos（宇宙）.The
VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmos.The power of the VLT to see
the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed.
3 Take the case of Eta Carinae,one of the most explosive stars in the universe.This star
produces ultraviolet laser rays（紫外线）and it will destroy itself in a few million years' time.
It is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth
waiting for!
4 But it is at distances of millions,even billions,of light years that the VLT really shows
its power. The VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existed.
This gives astronomers their first-ever detailed views of events that took place in the earliest
days of the cosmos.
5 In other words,the VLT is a kind of a time machine.It takes astronomers back to a
time when complete galaxies crashed into each other. The effects of these past collisions
can now be seen by scientists,and astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more
about these exciting' events in the years to come.One day,we might be able to say we
have traveled back to the beginning of time,and we will have a much clearer picture of how
our planet was born.

Scientists believe the VLT will tell us more about_________.
A:its detecting power
B:millions of light years away in space
C:the location of the VLT
D:as an example
E:the birth of the earth
F:the rotation of the earth

共用题干
第三篇

Weaving with Light

In the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico,the native Huichol people live much the
way their ancestors did一without electricity,That’s because it's too expensive to string power lines to the
remote mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves,the Huichol create beautiful artwork.
They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity一at home or
on the road,they can only work during daylight hours?When it gets dark,they must stop whatever they're
doing.
Now，a team of scientists,designers,and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol
with light after the sun sets.The scientists'technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics
that can be made into clothes,bags,or other items.
By collecting the sun’s energy during the day,these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at
night一 Their inventors have named the fabrics" Portable（轻便的）Lights."Portable Lights have the potential
to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world.
At the core of Portable Lights technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes（高亮
度发光二极管）,or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights.
LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs（灯泡）.Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type
called incandescent lights（白炽灯）.Inside, electricity heats a metal coil（线圈）to about 2. 200 degrees
Celsius.At that temperature,bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by mnean-
descent lights,however,is heat一and invisible.With all that wasted energy,bulbs burn out quickly. They
are also easily broken.
LEDs,on the other hand,are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules（分子）that are arranged in
a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through a LED,the crystal structure produces light. Un-
like incandescent bulbs,they can produce light of various colors.Within a LED,the type of molecules and
their particular arrangement determine what color is produced.

To make a living,the Huichol create artwork and_________.
A:sell it to tourists in their villages
B:sell it in cities far away from their villages
C:display it in their village museums
D:keep it in their homes to attract tourists

共用题干
Learn About Light

1 Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years?The Greek philoso-
phrrs believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what
we call vision.However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light wag
like a wave.According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line.This theory was accepted
during the 19th century.
2 In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is referred to as the
photoelectric effect.This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to
are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree
that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to
see things around us.
3 Things that give off light are known as sources of light.During the day,the primary source of light is
the sun.Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashllights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass
tube.
4 When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines.This is because normally light rays
travel in a straight line.However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of
light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）,etc.
5 Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times.In 1849,Hippolyte
Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed
a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,
number of wheel'S teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313
million meters per second.In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per
second.This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.

Objects are visible to the human eye as light is_______.
A:sources of light
B:the speed of light
C:the path of light
D:a straight line
E:a beam of light
F:a form of energy

共用题干
第三篇

Weaving with Light

In the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico,the native Huichol people live much the
way their ancestors did一without electricity,That’s because it's too expensive to string power lines to the
remote mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves,the Huichol create beautiful artwork.
They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity一at home or
on the road,they can only work during daylight hours?When it gets dark,they must stop whatever they're
doing.
Now，a team of scientists,designers,and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol
with light after the sun sets.The scientists'technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics
that can be made into clothes,bags,or other items.
By collecting the sun’s energy during the day,these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at
night一 Their inventors have named the fabrics" Portable（轻便的）Lights."Portable Lights have the potential
to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world.
At the core of Portable Lights technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes（高亮
度发光二极管）,or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights.
LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs（灯泡）.Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type
called incandescent lights（白炽灯）.Inside, electricity heats a metal coil（线圈）to about 2. 200 degrees
Celsius.At that temperature,bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by mnean-
descent lights,however,is heat一and invisible.With all that wasted energy,bulbs burn out quickly. They
are also easily broken.
LEDs,on the other hand,are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules（分子）that are arranged in
a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through a LED,the crystal structure produces light. Un-
like incandescent bulbs,they can produce light of various colors.Within a LED,the type of molecules and
their particular arrangement determine what color is produced.

The Huichol don't use electricity because ________.
A:it is too difficult for them to change their lifestyle
B:they know nothing about it
C:it costs too much to string power lines
D:they don't need it

共用题干
Learn about Light
1 .Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.
2 .In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is re-ferred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.
3 .Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day,the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashlights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.
4 .When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because nor-mally light rays travel in a straight line. However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）, etc.
5 .Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,number of wheel's teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.

Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment to measure______.
A: sources of light
B: the speed of light
C: the path of light
D: a straight line
E: a beam of light
F: a form of energy

共用题干
Learn about Light
1 .Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.
2 .In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is re-ferred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.
3 .Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day,the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashlights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.
4 .When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because nor-mally light rays travel in a straight line. However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）, etc.
5 .Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,number of wheel's teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.

Objects are visible to the human eye as light is______.
A: sources of light
B: the speed of light
C: the path of light
D: a straight line
E: a beam of light
F: a form of energy

共用题干
第三篇

Small but Wise

On December 14,NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE
and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital
camera,and it will be taking pictures of some of the wildest objects in the known universe,including
asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
"I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen be-
fore,"said Ned Wright,a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit
(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap).Its camera is pointed outward,away
from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months
it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISE stands for
"Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer".As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features
that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light,including the familiar spectrum of light that be-
comes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a
tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter
the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light,so ordinary digital cameras don't see
them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can
be detected as warmth by the skin.
That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the
universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example, are giant rocks that float through space一but they
absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do
give off infrared radiation,so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During
its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space objects that will show up in WISE's pictures.These ob-
jects are "failed" stars一which means they are not massive enough to jump-start the same kind of reactions
that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that
they're almost impossible to see with visible light,but in the infrared spectrum they glow.

The camera on WISE_________.
A:is equipped with expensive computers
B:produces images of objects giving off infrared radiation
C:reflects light visible to the human eyes
D:is similar to an ordinary digital camera

共用题干
第三篇

Shouldn't We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper

We know the famous ones一the Thomas Edison and the Alexander Graham Bells一but what about the less famous inventors?What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper（雨刷器）?Shouldn' t we know who they are?
Joan Mclean thinks so.In fact,Mclean,a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range,feels so strongly about this matter that she's developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning" who"invented"what",however,Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the"why"and"how" questions.According to Mclean,"when students learn the answers to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try".
Her students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean's statement."If I had not heard of the story of the windshield wiper's invention,"said Tommy Lee,a senior physics major,"I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive."Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.
So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy,but Anderson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield,she found herself wondering why there couldn't be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham,Alabama,Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas,a lever（操作杆）on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper.
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations,It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan's traffic light. It'5equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett's innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

What can we learn from this article?
A:Teachers should help students to sell their inventions to producers.
B:How to design a built-in device for cleaning the window.
C:We should know less famous inventors.
D:We should develop invention courses in universities.

共用题干
第三篇

Shouldn't We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper

We know the famous ones一the Thomas Edison and the Alexander Graham Bells一but what about the less famous inventors?What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper（雨刷器）?Shouldn' t we know who they are?
Joan Mclean thinks so.In fact,Mclean,a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range,feels so strongly about this matter that she's developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning" who"invented"what",however,Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the"why"and"how" questions.According to Mclean,"when students learn the answers to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try".
Her students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean's statement."If I had not heard of the story of the windshield wiper's invention,"said Tommy Lee,a senior physics major,"I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive."Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.
So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy,but Anderson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield,she found herself wondering why there couldn't be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham,Alabama,Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas,a lever（操作杆）on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper.
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations,It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan's traffic light. It'5equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett's innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

By mentioning"traffic light"and"windshield wiper",the author indicates that countless inventions are______.
A:beneficial,because their inventors are famous
B:beneficial,though their inventors are less famous
C:not useful,because their inventors are less famous
D:not useful,though their inventors are famous

共用题干
Cell Phones

I Believe it or not,cell phones have been around for over a quarter of a century.The first commercial
cell phone systemfl was developed by the Japancoc in I 979.But cell phones have changed a lot
since that
time.The early cell phones were big and heavy but they have developed into small and light palm-sized mod-
els.There have been huge (lcveloprnents in their functions,too;we have had call forwarding,text messaging,
answering services and hands-free use for years,but now there are countless new facilities,su,ch as instant ac-
cess to the Internet and receiving and sending photos.
2 Cell phones have become very common in our lives;recent statistics suggest as many as one in three
people cii the planet now have a cell phone,and most of them say they couldn't live without one.Cell phones
are used in every area of our lives and have become a necessary tool,used for essential arrangements,social
contact and business.They have made it easier to call for help on the highway.They have made it possible to
keep in touch with people"on the move”一when people are traveling.
3 Cell phones have made communication easier and have reduced the need for family arguments.We
can use cell phones to let our family know we'11 be late or if there’。a sudden change of tian or an emergen-
cy.Cell phones have eased the worries of millions of parents when their teenagers are out late,they can now
contact their children at any time.
4 This does not mean that cell phones are all good news.They have brought with them a number of
new headaches for their owners;it costs a lot to replace stolen phones,something that is becoming a frequent
occurrence,and have you ever seen such huge phone bills? More serious,however,is the potential health
problem they bring:there are fears that radiation from the phones may cause brain tumor（肿瘤）.This may be
a time bomb waiting to happen to younger people who have grown up with cell phones that they simply can't
live without!

We can use cell phones to communicate with others when we encounter__________.
A:a necessity
B:an emergency
C:a number of new hcadaches
D:family arguments
F:big and light palm-sized models
F:countless new facilities

共用题干
Learn About Light

1 Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years?The Greek philoso-
phrrs believed that light was made up of countless,tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what
we call vision.However,Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light wag
like a wave.According to them,light spread out and travelled like a straight line.This theory was accepted
during the 19th century.
2 In 1905,Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is referred to as the
photoelectric effect.This theory explains that particles make up light.The particles Einstein was referring to
are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）.Today,scientists agree
that light has a dual（二重）nature一it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to
see things around us.
3 Things that give off light are known as sources of light.During the day,the primary source of light is
the sun.Other sources of light include stars,flames,flashllights,street lamps and glowing gases in glass
tube.
4 When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines.This is because normally light rays
travel in a straight line.However,there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of
light. They are reflection,absorption,interference（干扰）,etc.
5 Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times.In 1849,Hippolyte
Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed
a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel,
number of wheel'S teeth and distance of the mirror,he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313
million meters per second.In a vacuum（真空）,however,the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per
second.This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.

Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment to measure_________.
A:sources of light
B:the speed of light
C:the path of light
D:a straight line
E:a beam of light
F:a form of energy

共用题干
第三篇

Weaving with Light

In the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico,the native Huichol people live much the
way their ancestors did一without electricity,That’s because it's too expensive to string power lines to the
remote mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves,the Huichol create beautiful artwork.
They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity一at home or
on the road,they can only work during daylight hours?When it gets dark,they must stop whatever they're
doing.
Now，a team of scientists,designers,and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol
with light after the sun sets.The scientists'technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics
that can be made into clothes,bags,or other items.
By collecting the sun’s energy during the day,these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at
night一 Their inventors have named the fabrics" Portable（轻便的）Lights."Portable Lights have the potential
to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world.
At the core of Portable Lights technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes（高亮
度发光二极管）,or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights.
LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs（灯泡）.Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type
called incandescent lights（白炽灯）.Inside, electricity heats a metal coil（线圈）to about 2. 200 degrees
Celsius.At that temperature,bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by mnean-
descent lights,however,is heat一and invisible.With all that wasted energy,bulbs burn out quickly. They
are also easily broken.
LEDs,on the other hand,are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules（分子）that are arranged in
a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through a LED,the crystal structure produces light. Un-
like incandescent bulbs,they can produce light of various colors.Within a LED,the type of molecules and
their particular arrangement determine what color is produced.

LEDs are different from light bulbs in that__________.
A:LEDg are made up of tiny pieces of rock
B:LEDs can send out light of different colors
C:LEDs belong to incandescent lights
D:LEDs look like crystals

If you are writing or studying,it makes very much difference where the light comes from.People who use books and pens every day have to be especially careful about the way the light shines on their work.
Every house gets its light either from daylight through the windows--which is the best to use--or from lamps or electricity;but whichever kind of light it is,the way it shines toward our book or work is a matter of great importance to the eyes.
Take a book,sit with your back toward the window,and try to read.Your shadow（影子）falls all over the page and makes it almost as bad for your eyes as if you were in a dark room.
Now turnaround and face the window.The page is in the shadow again,while the bright light is in your eyes.
Try sitting with your right side toward the window.This is very well for reading,but if you were writing,the shadow of your hand would fall across the page and bother（打搅）you a little.
There is just one other way:sit with your left side to the window.Now everything is perfect for reading and for writing,too.
Whatever kind of light is in the room,the rule about the right to sit is always the same.

Which of the following is true?

A.How the light shines on our work is of much importance.
B.The way the light shines on your work makes no difference.
C.We needn't care about where the light comes from.
D.People can write or study under a light that comes from any direction.