共用题干 Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journal
题目
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.
An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called______.
A: a research article
B: a review article
C: a case report
D: an editorial
A: a research article
B: a review article
C: a case report
D: an editorial
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第1题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A: Many medical journals also are published online.
B: A few medical journals are general medical journals.
C: Most medical journals are published only online.
D: Most medical journals are specialty journals.答案：C解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are physicians that report medical information to physi-cians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故答案为B。
由文章第二段第二句中“and some journals are published only online”可知，只是有一些医学杂志只刊登在网上。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze...Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals...Editorials in medical journals are...Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
由文章第三段中“Review articles summarize and analyze the information available for preventing , diagnosing or treating a particular disease.”可知，答案为B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal." 可知，给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。 -
第2题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A: Five.
B: Seven.
C: Four.
D: Six.答案：A解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are physicians that report medical information to physi-cians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故答案为B。
由文章第二段第二句中“and some journals are published only online”可知，只是有一些医学杂志只刊登在网上。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze...Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals...Editorials in medical journals are...Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
由文章第三段中“Review articles summarize and analyze the information available for preventing , diagnosing or treating a particular disease.”可知，答案为B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal." 可知，给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。 -
第3题：
Text 2 It used to be so straightforward.A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.A journal editor would then remove the authors’names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.Depending on the comments received,the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.Copyright rested with the journal publisher,and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer.The Internet–and pressure from funding agencies,who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it–is making access to scientific results a reality.The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD）has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this.The report,by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD,makes heavy reading for publishers who have,so far,made handsome profits.But it goes further than that.It signals a change in what has,until now,been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends,in part,upon wide distribution and ready access.It is big business.In America,the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between$7 billion and$11 billion.The International Association of Scientific,Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing.According to the OECD report,some 75%of scholarly journals are now online.Entirely new business models are emerging;three main ones were identified by the report’s authors.There is the so-called big deal,where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.There is open-access publishing,typically supported by asking the author（or his employer）to pay for the paper to be published.Finally,there are open-access archives,where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories.Other models exist that are hybrids of these three,such as delayed open-access,where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months,before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process,at least for the publication of papers.27.Which of the following is true of the OECD report?A.It criticizes government-funded research.
B.It introduces an effective means of publication.
C.It upsets profit-making journal publishers.
D.It benefits scientific research considerably.答案：C解析：文章第二段首先谈到互联网使得获得科学成果变成现实，接着谈到了最近OECD发布的一个报告，该报告描写了互联网对出版行业的影响，使得盈利不菲的出版商们很头痛（make heavy reading for的意思是让某人读起来很费力）。文章在提到这些出版商时给其加了一个盈利不菲的定语，这说明使其头疼的事情正是与该定语对应，在这里就是会对他们盈利产生不利，故答案为C。 -
第4题：
Text 2 It used to be so straightforward.A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.A journal editor would then remove the authors’names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.Depending on the comments received,the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.Copyright rested with the journal publisher,and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer.The Internet–and pressure from funding agencies,who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it–is making access to scientific results a reality.The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD）has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this.The report,by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD,makes heavy reading for publishers who have,so far,made handsome profits.But it goes further than that.It signals a change in what has,until now,been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends,in part,upon wide distribution and ready access.It is big business.In America,the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between$7 billion and$11 billion.The International Association of Scientific,Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing.According to the OECD report,some 75%of scholarly journals are now online.Entirely new business models are emerging;three main ones were identified by the report’s authors.There is the so-called big deal,where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.There is open-access publishing,typically supported by asking the author（or his employer）to pay for the paper to be published.Finally,there are open-access archives,where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories.Other models exist that are hybrids of these three,such as delayed open-access,where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months,before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process,at least for the publication of papers.26.In the first paragraph,the author discussesA.the background information of journal editing.
B.the publication routine of laboratory reports.
C.the relations of authors with journal publishers.
D.the traditional process of journal publication.答案：D解析：文章第一段主要介绍了一个具体的传统论文出版的流程，通常作为第一段的案例是作为铺垫以引出文章的主题，也是为了说明文章的中心，从后文我们可以看出文章谈到的是一个现代的出版模式，那么相对应，这里应该是谈到的传统的出版模式。由此可知D项为正确答案。A项错在editing一词上，第一段中并未涉及编辑期刊这一概念，而是在介绍传统的期刊出版，属于偷换概念故排除；B选项的“publication routine”，论述范围太窄，不能完全表达全文意思；同时，此段确实出现作者author与出版商publisher的关键词， -
第5题：
共用题干
Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.
Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.
Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.
Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.
Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A:Many medical journals also are published online.
B:A few medical journals are general medical journals.
C:Most medical journals are published only online.
D:Most medical journals are specialty journals.答案：C解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and health professions.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句话“… some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些医学杂志仅仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学杂志包含的文章类型有科研论文（research artides)、综述文章（review articles).病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials)和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话可知，包含同一主题的不同的研究结果的文章是综述文章（review article)。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor…to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论。故选C。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.
Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.
Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.
Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.
Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.An article dealing rjth results from different studies on the same topic is called___＿＿.
A:a research article
B:a review article
C:a case report
D:an editorial答案：B解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and health professions.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句话“… some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些医学杂志仅仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学杂志包含的文章类型有科研论文（research artides)、综述文章（review articles).病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials)和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话可知，包含同一主题的不同的研究结果的文章是综述文章（review article)。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor…to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论。故选C。 -
第7题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. in the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.The main readers of medical journals are______.
A:the general public
B:health professionals
C:medical critics
D:news reporters答案：B解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学刊物的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句“…some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些刊物仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学刊物包含的文章类型有科研论文（research articles)、综述文章( review articles)、病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials）和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种文章类型。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话“Review articles … Because the resalts of individual research studies can be affected by…on the same topic can be helpful…”可知，综合同一主题的各种研究结果的文章是综述文章。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使医学刊物的读者能够对刊物上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。故选C。 -
第8题：
共用题干
第二篇
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other
health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing,
many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A
few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical
journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus
on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies
on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of
different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze、the information available on a specific topic
based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be
affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching
conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case
conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular
illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the
authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-
spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide
it way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published
in that journal.How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A:Five.
B:Seven.
C:Four.
D:Six.答案：A解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information tophysicians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主 要读者。故答案为B。
被选项在内容上都是涉及到“医疗杂志的出版”，所以借助publish作为答案线索，发现 与答案相关句："many medical journals now have Websites on the Internet（该句与A内容一致）, and some journals publish only online.（该句直接与C矛盾）A few medical journals, like the Jour- nal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cov- er many fields of medicine.（该句与B内容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on。particular area of medicine.（该句与D内容一致）。”故选C。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research arti-dles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze…Case conferences and case re- ports may be published in medical journals…Editorials in medical journals are…Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
根据题干中的核心结构different studies on the same topic作为线索，找到答案相关句： "Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on acareful search of the medical literature."（该句说“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询 后找出的对有关某一具体主题的信息进行的汇总和分析”) "Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diag- nosing or treating a particular disease."(“对于同一主题的不同研究结果的汇总”在含义上与上 句“综述文章”的目的一致），因此判断选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知， 给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。第三篇 本篇文章主要讲述的是核辐射对人体的危害，以及可能导致的严重后果。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. in the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A:Many medical journals also are published online.
B:A few medical journals are general medical journals.
C:Most medical journals are published only online.
D:Most medical journals are specialty journals.答案：C解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学刊物的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句“…some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些刊物仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学刊物包含的文章类型有科研论文（research articles)、综述文章( review articles)、病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials）和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种文章类型。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话“Review articles … Because the resalts of individual research studies can be affected by…on the same topic can be helpful…”可知，综合同一主题的各种研究结果的文章是综述文章。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使医学刊物的读者能够对刊物上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。故选C。 -
第10题：
共用题干
第二篇
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other
health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing,
many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A
few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical
journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus
on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies
on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of
different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze、the information available on a specific topic
based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be
affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching
conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case
conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular
illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the
authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-
spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide
it way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published
in that journal.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A:Many medical journals also are published online.
B:A few medical journals are general medical journals.
C:Most medical journals are published only online.
D:Most medical journals are specialty journals.答案：C解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information tophysicians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主 要读者。故答案为B。
被选项在内容上都是涉及到“医疗杂志的出版”，所以借助publish作为答案线索，发现 与答案相关句："many medical journals now have Websites on the Internet（该句与A内容一致）, and some journals publish only online.（该句直接与C矛盾）A few medical journals, like the Jour- nal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cov- er many fields of medicine.（该句与B内容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on。particular area of medicine.（该句与D内容一致）。”故选C。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research arti-dles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze…Case conferences and case re- ports may be published in medical journals…Editorials in medical journals are…Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
根据题干中的核心结构different studies on the same topic作为线索，找到答案相关句： "Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on acareful search of the medical literature."（该句说“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询 后找出的对有关某一具体主题的信息进行的汇总和分析”) "Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diag- nosing or treating a particular disease."(“对于同一主题的不同研究结果的汇总”在含义上与上 句“综述文章”的目的一致），因此判断选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知， 给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。第三篇 本篇文章主要讲述的是核辐射对人体的危害，以及可能导致的严重后果。 -
第11题：
共用题干
第二篇
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other
health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing,
many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A
few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical
journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus
on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies
on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of
different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze、the information available on a specific topic
based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be
affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching
conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case
conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular
illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the
authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-
spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide
it way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published
in that journal.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called__________.
A:a research article
B:a review article
C:a case report
D:an editorial答案：B解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information tophysicians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主 要读者。故答案为B。
被选项在内容上都是涉及到“医疗杂志的出版”，所以借助publish作为答案线索，发现 与答案相关句："many medical journals now have Websites on the Internet（该句与A内容一致）, and some journals publish only online.（该句直接与C矛盾）A few medical journals, like the Jour- nal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cov- er many fields of medicine.（该句与B内容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on。particular area of medicine.（该句与D内容一致）。”故选C。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research arti-dles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze…Case conferences and case re- ports may be published in medical journals…Editorials in medical journals are…Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
根据题干中的核心结构different studies on the same topic作为线索，找到答案相关句： "Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on acareful search of the medical literature."（该句说“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询 后找出的对有关某一具体主题的信息进行的汇总和分析”) "Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diag- nosing or treating a particular disease."(“对于同一主题的不同研究结果的汇总”在含义上与上 句“综述文章”的目的一致），因此判断选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知， 给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。第三篇 本篇文章主要讲述的是核辐射对人体的危害，以及可能导致的严重后果。 -
第12题：
电子病历EMR是如下哪个答案的缩写？
- A、Electronic Medical Resource
- B、Electronic Medical Record
正确答案:B -
第13题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on______.
A: any medical event
B: articles published in the same issue
C: articles published in that journal
D: medical development答案：C解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are physicians that report medical information to physi-cians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故答案为B。
由文章第二段第二句中“and some journals are published only online”可知，只是有一些医学杂志只刊登在网上。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze...Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals...Editorials in medical journals are...Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
由文章第三段中“Review articles summarize and analyze the information available for preventing , diagnosing or treating a particular disease.”可知，答案为B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal." 可知，给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。 -
第14题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.The main readers of medical journals are______.
A: the general public
B: health professionals
C: medical critics
D: news reporters答案：B解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are physicians that report medical information to physi-cians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故答案为B。
由文章第二段第二句中“and some journals are published only online”可知，只是有一些医学杂志只刊登在网上。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze...Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals...Editorials in medical journals are...Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
由文章第三段中“Review articles summarize and analyze the information available for preventing , diagnosing or treating a particular disease.”可知，答案为B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal." 可知，给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。 -
第15题：
Text 2 It used to be so straightforward.A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.A journal editor would then remove the authors’names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.Depending on the comments received,the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.Copyright rested with the journal publisher,and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer.The Internet–and pressure from funding agencies,who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it–is making access to scientific results a reality.The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD）has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this.The report,by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD,makes heavy reading for publishers who have,so far,made handsome profits.But it goes further than that.It signals a change in what has,until now,been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends,in part,upon wide distribution and ready access.It is big business.In America,the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between$7 billion and$11 billion.The International Association of Scientific,Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing.According to the OECD report,some 75%of scholarly journals are now online.Entirely new business models are emerging;three main ones were identified by the report’s authors.There is the so-called big deal,where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.There is open-access publishing,typically supported by asking the author（or his employer）to pay for the paper to be published.Finally,there are open-access archives,where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories.Other models exist that are hybrids of these three,such as delayed open-access,where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months,before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process,at least for the publication of papers.29.With the open-access publishing model,the author of a paper is required toA.cover the cost of its publication.
B.subscribe to the journal publishing it.
C.allow other online journals to use it freely.
D.complete the peer-review before submission.答案：A解析：根据题干中的关键词“the open-access publishing model”可以定位于最后一段的“there is open-access publishing,…asking the author to pay for the paper to be published”，即主要依靠作者或其雇主支付论文出版费用，A项是该句的同义转述，为正确答案。该题只涉及原文这一句话，只要准确定位，就不会受其他选项干扰。 -
第16题：
共用题干
Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.
Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.
Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.
Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.
Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on______.
A:any medical event
B:articles published in the same issue
C:articles published in that journal
D:medical development答案：C解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and health professions.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句话“… some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些医学杂志仅仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学杂志包含的文章类型有科研论文（research artides)、综述文章（review articles).病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials)和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话可知，包含同一主题的不同的研究结果的文章是综述文章（review article)。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor…to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论。故选C。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.
Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.
Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.
Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.
Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.The main readers of medical journals are______.
A:the general public
B:health professionals
C:medical critics
D:news reporters答案：B解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and health professions.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句话“… some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些医学杂志仅仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学杂志包含的文章类型有科研论文（research artides)、综述文章（review articles).病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials)和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话可知，包含同一主题的不同的研究结果的文章是综述文章（review article)。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor…to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论。故选C。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.
Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.
Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.
Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.
Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.How many major types of articles are mentioned inl the passage?
A:Five.
B:Seven.
C:Four.
D:Six.答案：A解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and health professions.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句话“… some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些医学杂志仅仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学杂志包含的文章类型有科研论文（research artides)、综述文章（review articles).病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials)和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话可知，包含同一主题的不同的研究结果的文章是综述文章（review article)。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor…to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论。故选C。 -
第19题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. in the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called______.
A:a research article
B:a review article
C:a case report
D:an editorial答案：B解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学刊物的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句“…some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些刊物仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学刊物包含的文章类型有科研论文（research articles)、综述文章( review articles)、病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials）和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种文章类型。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话“Review articles … Because the resalts of individual research studies can be affected by…on the same topic can be helpful…”可知，综合同一主题的各种研究结果的文章是综述文章。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使医学刊物的读者能够对刊物上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。故选C。 -
第20题：
共用题干
第二篇
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other
health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing,
many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A
few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical
journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus
on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies
on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of
different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze、the information available on a specific topic
based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be
affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching
conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case
conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular
illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the
authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-
spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide
it way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published
in that journal.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on__________.
A:any medical event
B:articles published in the same issue
C:articles published in that journal
D:medical development答案：C解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information tophysicians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主 要读者。故答案为B。
被选项在内容上都是涉及到“医疗杂志的出版”，所以借助publish作为答案线索，发现 与答案相关句："many medical journals now have Websites on the Internet（该句与A内容一致）, and some journals publish only online.（该句直接与C矛盾）A few medical journals, like the Jour- nal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cov- er many fields of medicine.（该句与B内容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on。particular area of medicine.（该句与D内容一致）。”故选C。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research arti-dles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze…Case conferences and case re- ports may be published in medical journals…Editorials in medical journals are…Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
根据题干中的核心结构different studies on the same topic作为线索，找到答案相关句： "Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on acareful search of the medical literature."（该句说“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询 后找出的对有关某一具体主题的信息进行的汇总和分析”) "Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diag- nosing or treating a particular disease."(“对于同一主题的不同研究结果的汇总”在含义上与上 句“综述文章”的目的一致），因此判断选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知， 给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。第三篇 本篇文章主要讲述的是核辐射对人体的危害，以及可能导致的严重后果。 -
第21题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. in the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A:Five.
B:Seven.
C:Four.
D:Six.答案：A解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学刊物的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句“…some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些刊物仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学刊物包含的文章类型有科研论文（research articles)、综述文章( review articles)、病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials）和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种文章类型。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话“Review articles … Because the resalts of individual research studies can be affected by…on the same topic can be helpful…”可知，综合同一主题的各种研究结果的文章是综述文章。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使医学刊物的读者能够对刊物上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。故选C。 -
第22题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. in the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on＿____.
A:any medical event
B:articles published in the same issue
C:articles published in that journal
D:medical development答案：C解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学刊物的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句“…some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些刊物仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学刊物包含的文章类型有科研论文（research articles)、综述文章( review articles)、病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials）和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种文章类型。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话“Review articles … Because the resalts of individual research studies can be affected by…on the same topic can be helpful…”可知，综合同一主题的各种研究结果的文章是综述文章。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使医学刊物的读者能够对刊物上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。故选C。 -
第23题：
共用题干
第二篇
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other
health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing,
many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A
few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical
journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus
on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies
on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of
different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze、the information available on a specific topic
based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be
affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching
conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case
conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular
illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the
authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-
spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide
it way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published
in that journal.The main readers of medical journals are_________.
A:the general public
B:health professionals
C:medical critics
D:news reporters答案：B解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information tophysicians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主 要读者。故答案为B。
被选项在内容上都是涉及到“医疗杂志的出版”，所以借助publish作为答案线索，发现 与答案相关句："many medical journals now have Websites on the Internet（该句与A内容一致）, and some journals publish only online.（该句直接与C矛盾）A few medical journals, like the Jour- nal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cov- er many fields of medicine.（该句与B内容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on。particular area of medicine.（该句与D内容一致）。”故选C。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research arti-dles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze…Case conferences and case re- ports may be published in medical journals…Editorials in medical journals are…Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
根据题干中的核心结构different studies on the same topic作为线索，找到答案相关句： "Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on acareful search of the medical literature."（该句说“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询 后找出的对有关某一具体主题的信息进行的汇总和分析”) "Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diag- nosing or treating a particular disease."(“对于同一主题的不同研究结果的汇总”在含义上与上 句“综述文章”的目的一致），因此判断选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知， 给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。第三篇 本篇文章主要讲述的是核辐射对人体的危害，以及可能导致的严重后果。