共用题干 Unpopular Subjects?Is there a place in today's society for the study of useless subjects in our universities? Just over 100 years ago Fitzgerald argued in a well-written letter_______(1)Nature that"Universities must be allowed to study useless subjec

The research should prove invaluable in the study of linguistics.

A:useless
B:practical
C:little
D:useful

共用题干
Unpopular Subjects?

Is there a place in today's society for the study of useless subjects in our universities?
Just over 100 years ago Fitzgerald argued in a well-written letter_______(1)Nature
that"Universities must be allowed to study useless subjects一_______(2)they don't,
who will?" He went on to use the_______(3) of Maxwell's electrodynamics（电动力
学）as one case where a"useless subject"has been transformed to a useful subject.
Nowadays this argument is again very much_______(4)in many universities.
Indeed one suspects that it is one of those arguments that must be_______(5)anew
（重新）by each generation. But now there is an added twist（歪曲）一subjects must not
only be useful,they must also be_______(6)enough that students will flock（蜂拥）
to do them,and even flock to pay to do them.
As universities become commercial operations,the pressure to_______(7)
subjects or departments that are less popular will become stronger and stronger. Perhaps
this is most strongly_______(8)at the moment by physics.There has been much
_______(9)in the press of universities that are closing down physics departments
and incorporate them with mathematics or engineering departments.
Many scientists think otherwise.They see physics as a_______(10)science,
which must be kept alive if only to_______(11)a base for other sciences and
engineering.It is of their great personal concern that physics teaching and research is under
_________(12)in many universities.How can it be preserved in the rush towards
commercial competition? A major turnaround（转变）in student popularity may have to
________(13)until the industrial world discovers that it needs physicists and starts
paying them well.
Physics is now not only unpopular;it is also"hard".We can do more about the latter
by_______（14) teaching in our schools and universities. We can also_______
(15)cooperative arrangements to ensure that physicists keep their research and teaching
up to date.

_________(1)
A:about
B:of
C:to
D:on

“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences（AAAS）,deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.Regrettably,however,the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010,leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by“federal,state and local governments,universities,foundations,educators,individual benefactors and others”to“maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response,the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences.Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,and business executives,as well as prominent figures from diplomacy,filmmaking,music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable.Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry,the report supports full literacy;stresses the study of history and government,particularly American history and American government;and encourages the use of new digital technologies.To encourage innovation and competition,the report calls for increased investment in research,the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century,increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages,international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately,despite 2?years in the making,"The Heart of the Matter"never gets to the heart of the matter:the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly,the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing“progressive,”or left-liberal propaganda.Today,professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine,and sometimes legitimate,intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education.Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A.Ways to Grasp“The Heart of the Matter”
B.Illiberal Education and“The Heart of the Matter”
C.The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education
D.Progressive Policy vs.Liberal Education

Though not biologically related,friends are as“related”as fourth cousins,sharing about 1%of genes.That is_（1）_a study,published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has__（2）_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_（3）__1,932 unique subjects which__（4）__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_（5）_.While 1%may seem_（6）_,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,“Most people do not even_（7）_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_（8）_our kin.”The study_（9）_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_（10）_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_（11）_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that_（12）_us in choosing genetically similar friends_（13）_”functional Kinship”of being friends with_（14）_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_（15）_than other genes Studying this could help_（16）_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being a major_（17）_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_（18）_to befriend those of similar_（19）_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to_（20）_that all subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.
13选？

A.according to
B.rather than
C.regardless of
D.along with

“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences（AAAS）,deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.Regrettably,however,the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.
In 2010,leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by“federal,state and local governments,universities,foundations,educators,individual benefactors and others”to“maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response,the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences.Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,and business executives,as well as prominent figures from diplomacy,filmmaking,music and journalism.
The goals identified in the report are generally admirable.Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry,the report supports full literacy;stresses the study of history and government,particularly American history and American government;and encourages the use of new digital technologies.To encourage innovation and competition,the report calls for increased investment in research,the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century,increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages,international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.
Unfortunately,despite 2?years in the making,"The Heart of the Matter"never gets to the heart of the matter:the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly,the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing“progressive,”or left-liberal propaganda.
Today,professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine,and sometimes legitimate,intellectual investigation.
The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education.Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.
The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are

A.supportive of free markets
B.cautious about intellectual investigation
C.conservative about public policy
D.biased against classical liberal ideas

“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences（AAAS）,deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.Regrettably,however,the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010,leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by“federal,state and local governments,universities,foundations,educators,individual benefactors and others”to“maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response,the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences.Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,and business executives,as well as prominent figures from diplomacy,filmmaking,music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable.Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry,the report supports full literacy;stresses the study of history and government,particularly American history and American government;and encourages the use of new digital technologies.To encourage innovation and competition,the report calls for increased investment in research,the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century,increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages,international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately,despite 2?years in the making,"The Heart of the Matter"never gets to the heart of the matter:the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly,the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing“progressive,”or left-liberal propaganda.Today,professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine,and sometimes legitimate,intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education.Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.
Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to

A.retain people’s interest in liberal education
B.define the government’s role in education
C.keep a leading position in liberal education
D.safeguard individuals’rights to education

共用题干
Scotland:A Land of Wisdom

In the 1740s,the famous French philosopher Voltaire said,"We look to Scotland for all
our ideas of civilization."That's not a bad advertisement for any country when it comes to
attracting people to search for a first-class education.
According to the American author Arthur Herman,the Scots invented the modern world
itself.He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most
important ideas on which modern life depends一everything from the scientific method to
market economics.Their ideas did not just spread among intellectuals,but to those people
in business,government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.
It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlightenment（启蒙运
动）,which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800.Before that,
philosophy was mainly concerned with religion. For the thinkers of the Scottish
Enlightenment,the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.
Their reasoning was practical.For the philosopher David Hume,humanity was the right
subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of
how people think and feel.And from that we can make judgments about the societies we live
in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved for universal benefit.
Hume's enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific
method一the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow resident of
Edinburgh,Adam Smith,famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which
mankind does business.Trade,he argued,was a form of information.In pursuing our own
interests through trading in markets,we all come to benefit each other.
Smith's idea has dominated modern views of economics.It also has wide applications.
He was one of the philosophers to point out that nations can become rich,free and powerful
through peace,trade and invention.
Although the Scottish Enlightenment ended a long time ago,the ideas which evolved at
that time still underpin（构成······的基础）our theories of human exchange and enquiry. It
also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence
with orientation（方向）.

David Hume was the first philosopher to study mankind.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Schools and Education

1. Life in the twenty-first century demands preparation.Today,all individuals in a country must have adequate schooling to prepare them for their work as well as for their responsibilities as citizens.With this in mind,national leaders everywhere are placing more emphasis on the education of the young.In the United States,government officials,parents,and teachers are working hard to give their children一tomorrow's decision makers一the best preparation available.
2. There is no national school policy in the United States.Each of the fifty states makes its own rules and regulations for its school,but there are many similarities among the fifty school systems.Public schools in all states are supported by taxes paid by the citizens of the individual state. In most states the children are required to attend school until they reach the age of sixteen.
3. When they become six years old,children begin elementary school.After six years in elementary school,they go into junior high school and remain there for three years.The last three years of their public school education are spent in senior high school,from which they graduate at the age of eighteen.
4. A great number of high school graduates continue their education in one of the many colleges or universities in the country.After four years,they receive a bachelor's degree.Some continue studying for a master's degree and perhaps a doctor's degree.

Education is being________.
A:go on to study in colleges or universities
B:emphasized today
C:the taxes paid by the citizens of each state
D:to go abroad to do further study
E:attend school
F: private source

Directions: Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology. What′s your view about what subject university students should study? You are required to write a composition within 180 words, but no less than 150 words.

共用题干
Unpopular Subjects?

Is there a place in today's society for the study of useless subjects in our universities?
Just over 100 years ago Fitzgerald argued in a well-written letter_______(1)Nature
that"Universities must be allowed to study useless subjects一_______(2)they don't,
who will?" He went on to use the_______(3) of Maxwell's electrodynamics（电动力
学）as one case where a"useless subject"has been transformed to a useful subject.
Nowadays this argument is again very much_______(4)in many universities.
Indeed one suspects that it is one of those arguments that must be_______(5)anew
（重新）by each generation. But now there is an added twist（歪曲）一subjects must not
only be useful,they must also be_______(6)enough that students will flock（蜂拥）
to do them,and even flock to pay to do them.
As universities become commercial operations,the pressure to_______(7)
subjects or departments that are less popular will become stronger and stronger. Perhaps
this is most strongly_______(8)at the moment by physics.There has been much
_______(9)in the press of universities that are closing down physics departments
and incorporate them with mathematics or engineering departments.
Many scientists think otherwise.They see physics as a_______(10)science,
which must be kept alive if only to_______(11)a base for other sciences and
engineering.It is of their great personal concern that physics teaching and research is under
_________(12)in many universities.How can it be preserved in the rush towards
commercial competition? A major turnaround（转变）in student popularity may have to
________(13)until the industrial world discovers that it needs physicists and starts
paying them well.
Physics is now not only unpopular;it is also"hard".We can do more about the latter
by_______（14) teaching in our schools and universities. We can also_______
(15)cooperative arrangements to ensure that physicists keep their research and teaching
up to date.

_________(15)
A:fix
B:modify
C:review
D:develop

Though not biologically related,friends are as“related”as fourth cousins,sharing about 1%of genes.That is_（1）_a study,published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has__（2）_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_（3）__1,932 unique subjects which__（4）__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_（5）_.While 1%may seem_（6）_,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,“Most people do not even_（7）_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_（8）_our kin.”The study_（9）_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_（10）_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_（11）_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that_（12）_us in choosing genetically similar friends_（13）_”functional Kinship”of being friends with_（14）_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_（15）_than other genes Studying this could help_（16）_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being a major_（17）_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_（18）_to befriend those of similar_（19）_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to_（20）_that all subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.
7选？

A.visit
B.miss
C.seek
D.know

“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences（AAAS）,deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.Regrettably,however,the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.
In 2010,leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by“federal,state and local governments,universities,foundations,educators,individual benefactors and others”to“maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response,the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences.Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,and business executives,as well as prominent figures from diplomacy,filmmaking,music and journalism.
The goals identified in the report are generally admirable.Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry,the report supports full literacy;stresses the study of history and government,particularly American history and American government;and encourages the use of new digital technologies.To encourage innovation and competition,the report calls for increased investment in research,the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century,increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages,international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.
Unfortunately,despite 2?years in the making,"The Heart of the Matter"never gets to the heart of the matter:the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly,the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing“progressive,”or left-liberal propaganda.
Today,professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine,and sometimes legitimate,intellectual investigation.
The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education.Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.
According to Paragraph 3,the report suggests

A.an exclusive study of American history
B.a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects
C.the application of emerging technologies
D.funding for the study of foreign languages

“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences（AAAS）,deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.Regrettably,however,the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.
In 2010,leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by“federal,state and local governments,universities,foundations,educators,individual benefactors and others”to“maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response,the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences.Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,and business executives,as well as prominent figures from diplomacy,filmmaking,music and journalism.
The goals identified in the report are generally admirable.Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry,the report supports full literacy;stresses the study of history and government,particularly American history and American government;and encourages the use of new digital technologies.To encourage innovation and competition,the report calls for increased investment in research,the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century,increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages,international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.
Unfortunately,despite 2?years in the making,"The Heart of the Matter"never gets to the heart of the matter:the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly,the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing“progressive,”or left-liberal propaganda.
Today,professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine,and sometimes legitimate,intellectual investigation.
The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education.Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.
According to Paragraph 1,what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?

A.Critical
B.Appreciative
C.Contemptuous
D.Tolerant

Though not biologically related,friends are as“related”as fourth cousins,sharing about 1%of genes.That is_（1）_a study,published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has__（2）_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_（3）__1,932 unique subjects which__（4）__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_（5）_.While 1%may seem_（6）_,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,“Most people do not even_（7）_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_（8）_our kin.”The study_（9）_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_（10）_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_（11）_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that_（12）_us in choosing genetically similar friends_（13）_”functional Kinship”of being friends with_（14）_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_（15）_than other genes Studying this could help_（16）_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being a major_（17）_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_（18）_to befriend those of similar_（19）_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to_（20）_that all subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.
1选？

A.when
B.why
C.how
D.what

Researchers from the following universities are involved in the study except__________.

A.Columbia University
B.Stanford University
C.New England University
D.California University

共用题干
Schools and Education

1. Life in the twenty-first century demands preparation.Today,all individuals in a country must have adequate schooling to prepare them for their work as well as for their responsibilities as citizens.With this in mind,national leaders everywhere are placing more emphasis on the education of the young.In the United States,government officials,parents,and teachers are working hard to give their children一tomorrow's decision makers一the best preparation available.
2. There is no national school policy in the United States.Each of the fifty states makes its own rules and regulations for its school,but there are many similarities among the fifty school systems.Public schools in all states are supported by taxes paid by the citizens of the individual state. In most states the children are required to attend school until they reach the age of sixteen.
3. When they become six years old,children begin elementary school.After six years in elementary school,they go into junior high school and remain there for three years.The last three years of their public school education are spent in senior high school,from which they graduate at the age of eighteen.
4. A great number of high school graduates continue their education in one of the many colleges or universities in the country.After four years,they receive a bachelor's degree.Some continue studying for a master's degree and perhaps a doctor's degree.

In most states children,before they are 16,must________.
A:go on to study in colleges or universities
B:emphasized today
C:the taxes paid by the citizens of each state
D:to go abroad to do further study
E:attend school
F: private source

Directions: Some people think that alluniversity students should study whatever they like. Others believe that theyshould only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, suchas those related to science and technology. What′s your view about what subjectuniversity students should study? You are required to write a compositionwithin 180 words, but no less than 150 words.