“MICE”中的“C”指的是A．专业会议B．展览会与博览会C．奖励旅游D．大型文化体育盛事

请阅读Passage l。完成第21—25小题。
Passage 1
It's one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to"cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women--it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite's effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine(尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell,which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans?
The answer lies in evolution.
"It's exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way," Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring."Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away."
She said, but this study has proven that wrong."This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."

The passage is mainly about__________.
查看材料

A．mice' s inborn terror of cats
B．the evolution of Toxoplasma
C．a new study about the effects of a parasite on mice
D．a harmful parasite called Toxoplasma gondii

请阅读Passage l。完成第21—25小题。
Passage 1
It's one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to"cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women--it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite's effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine(尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell,which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans?
The answer lies in evolution.
"It's exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way," Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring."Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away."
She said, but this study has proven that wrong."This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."

The author's attitude towards the experiment is__________.
查看材料

A．positive
B．subjective
C．negative
D．objective

抗生素后效应的英文缩写是

A.MTC
B.PBE
C.PAE
D.MIC
E.MBC

共用题干
Eat to Live
A meager diet may give you health and long life,but it's not much fun-and it might not even be necessary.We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.
Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks.The genetic rejuvenation won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse,but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.
Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives,and fed another three on half-rations.Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old-equivalent to about 70 human years.
The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers,and found that-46 changed with age in the normally fed mice.The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production-probably bad news for mouse health .In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes.
"This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,"says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D.C.
No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice,but Spindler is hopeful."There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,"he says.
If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get ol- der,our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs,for example.A brief period of time of die- ting,says Spindler,could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.
But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it."The mice get less disease,they live longer,but they're hungry,"he says."Even seeing what a diet does,it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say:‘I can only eat half of that.’"
Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all.His company,Lifespan Genetics in California,is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.

Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?
A: To describe the influence of old age on mice.
B: To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.
C: To tell us how mice's liver genes behave.
D: To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.

根据以下材料，回答
It′s one of our common beliefs that miceare afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has neverseen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from itand run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wiredinto a mouse′ s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student atthe University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. Shehas found a way to "cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infectingthem with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii,might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third ofpeople around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseasesamong humans, especially pregnant women--it is linked to blindness and thedeath of unborn babies.
However, the parasite′s effects on mice areunique, Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat′ s urine (尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted thatnormal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected withthe parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that′s not all. The parasite was foundto be more powerful than originally thought--even after researchers cured themice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat′s smell, whichcould indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice′ sbrains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse′s braininstead of making it sick like it does to humans? The answer lies in evolution.
"It′s exciting scary to know how aparasite can manipulate a mouse′s brain this way," Ingram said. But shealso finds it inspiring. "Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor andtake antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptomsto also go away." She said, but this study has proven that wrong. "This may have huge implicationsfor infectious disease medicine."
The experiment found that mice infectedwith toxoplasma gondii ____________.

A.stayed far away from cat' s urine
B.moved around the area freely andfearlessly
C.because more sensitive to cat' s smell
D.were more afraid of cats

根据以下材料，回答
It′s one of our common beliefs that miceare afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has neverseen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from itand run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wiredinto a mouse′ s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student atthe University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. Shehas found a way to "cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infectingthem with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii,might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third ofpeople around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseasesamong humans, especially pregnant women--it is linked to blindness and thedeath of unborn babies.
However, the parasite′s effects on mice areunique, Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat′ s urine (尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted thatnormal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected withthe parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that′s not all. The parasite was foundto be more powerful than originally thought--even after researchers cured themice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat′s smell, whichcould indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice′ sbrains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse′s braininstead of making it sick like it does to humans? The answer lies in evolution.
"It′s exciting scary to know how aparasite can manipulate a mouse′s brain this way," Ingram said. But shealso finds it inspiring. "Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor andtake antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptomsto also go away." She said, but this study has proven that wrong. "This may have huge implicationsfor infectious disease medicine."
Which of the following statements istrue according to the passage?

A.Toxoplasma gondii causes people strangeand deadly diseases.
B.With certain infection the infectiousdisease cannot be cured completely.
C.Human beings infected by toxoplasmagondii will have permanent brain damage.
D.Toxoplasma gondii is harmful to humanbeings, but it does no harm to mice.

请阅读Passage l。完成第21—25小题。
Passage 1
It's one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to"cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women--it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite's effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine(尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell,which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans?
The answer lies in evolution.
"It's exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way," Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring."Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away."
She said, but this study has proven that wrong."This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."

Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
查看材料

A．Toxoplasma gondii causes people strange and deadly diseases.
B．With certain infection the infectious disease cannot be cured completely.
C．Human beings infected by toxoplasma gondii will have permanent brain damage.
D．Toxoplasma gondii is harmful to human beings, but it does no harm to mice.

共用题干
第一篇

A meager（不足的）diet may give you health and long life, but it's not much fun一and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful（有青春活力的）vigor （精力）even if we don't start to diet until old age.
Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation（恢复活力，返老还童） won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse,but could help its liver metabolize（使进入新陈代谢过程）drugs or get rid of toxins.
Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives,and fed another three on half-rations.Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old一equivalent to about 70 human years.
The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers,and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice.The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production一probably bad news for mouse health.In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes.But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes.
"This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly",says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D.C.
No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice,but Spindler is hopeful."There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,"he says.
If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older,our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs,for example.A brief period of time of dieting,says Spindler,could be enough to make sure a. drug is effective.
But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it."The mice get less disease,they live longer,but they're hungry,"he says."Even seeing what a diet does,it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say:I can only eat half of that."
Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all. His company,Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.

Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?
A:To describe the influence of old age on mice.
B:To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.
C:To tell us how mice's liver genes behave.
D:To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.

药敏实验中，纸片琼脂扩散法简称（ ）

A.M-H法
B.KB法
C.Kirby-Berg法
D.MIC
E.MBC

It’s one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse’ s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to “cure” mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women—it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite’s effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine (尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell, which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans The answer lies in evolution.
“It’s exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way,"Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring. "Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away,” she said, but this study has proven that wrong. “This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."

Which of the following statements is true according to the passage 查看材料

A.Toxoplasma gondii causes people strange and deadly diseases.
B.With certain infection the infectious disease cannot be cured completely.
C.Human beings infected by toxoplasma gondii will have permanent brain damage.
D.Toxoplasma gondii is harmful to human beings, but it does no harm to mice.

It’s one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse’ s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to “cure” mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women—it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite’s effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine (尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell, which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans The answer lies in evolution.
“It’s exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way,"Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring. "Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away,” she said, but this study has proven that wrong. “This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."

The author's attitude towards the experiment is__________.查看材料

A.positive
B.subjective
C.negative
D.objective