In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1 workers'productiv
题目
In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1 workers'productivity.Instead,the studies ended 2 giving their name to the"Hawthorne effect",the extremely influential idea that the very 3 to being experimented upon changed subjects'behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to 5 of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what was done in the experiment;7 something was changed,productivity rose.A（n）8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers'behavior 10 itself.After several decades,the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12the descriptions on record,no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation of what happed.15,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days.18,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday,workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before 20 a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged"Hawthorne effect"is hard to pin down.6选？
A.conclude
B.matter
C.indicate
D.work
B.matter
C.indicate
D.work
相似考题
更多“In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they”相关问题
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第1题：
---Excuse me, where’s the Capital Theatre? ---_______.
A、There’s a status near it
B、It’s only two blocks away from here
C、I’ve got two theatre tickets for tonight.
D、Turn right and then you’ll find the cinema
参考答案：B
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第2题：
Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph?（ ）
[A] America will conduct an international-wide aid.
[B] The national-wide financial aid is proved helpful.
[C] Obama doesn't think highly of American aid system.
[D] Mr. Sumner's research is proved of great value.
正确答案：A
根据文章最后一段，下列哪一项是不正确的?
[A]美国将在全球范围内实施救助。
[B]国家范围的救助被证明是有效的。
[C]奥巴马对美国救助体系评价不高。
[D]萨姆纳先生的研究具有很高价值。
答案解析：[A]事实细节题。文章最后一段提出，根据萨姆纳先生的研究成果，世界银行的国家分类不具有合理性，因此应该进行改革，奥巴马总统也对美国救助计划不满，所以可以判断[C]、[D]正确；与此同时，奥巴马也提出要将“国际救助”转化为“国家救助”，巴西就是一个成功案例，这样可以更好地在国家范围内进行资金分配，因此可以判断[A]与原文不符，[B]表述正确。 所以[A]为本题答案。 -
第3题：
A swift current occurring in a narrow passage connecting two large bodies of water，which is produced by the continuously changing difference in height of tide at the two ends of the passage，is called a ______.
A.hydraulic current
B.rectilinear current
C.rotary current
D.harmonic current
正确答案：A
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第4题：
In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1 workers'productivity.Instead,the studies ended 2 giving their name to the"Hawthorne effect",the extremely influential idea that the very 3 to being experimented upon changed subjects'behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to 5 of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what was done in the experiment;7 something was changed,productivity rose.A（n）8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers'behavior 10 itself.After several decades,the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12the descriptions on record,no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation of what happed.15,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days.18,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday,workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before 20 a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged"Hawthorne effect"is hard to pin down.12选？A.contrary to
B.consistent with
C.parallel with
D.peculiar to答案：A解析：根据本空之前的句子，“霍桑实验还有另外一个让人意想不到的结果”得知，下面所说的内容应该是与记录中的一些描述相悖，因此需要一个表示转折的连接词。只有A项Contrary to表示“与……相反”，符合文意。 -
第5题：
Questions 105-109 refer to the following e-mail.
To: Bertrand Fournier, Plant manager b_fournier@dawson.com
From: John Reynolds, Industrial production manager j_reynolds@dawson.com
Re: Valbonne, France plant
Date: January 13
Dear Mr. Fournier,
Thank you for your e-mail requesting that our engineers from London examine your chocolate productiori plant in Valbonne again next month. All of us at Dawson corporate headquarters appre-ciate your factory's desire to manufacture the finest chocolate, and we want to provide a supportteam to ensure that this is possible. Before we schedule a trip for Edith Singh and Barry Weinstein to visit your plant again. I have a few questions in regard to the production problems you men-tioned. First, I was wondering when the refrigeration unit was inspected last. Some Dawson plants in Geneva and Warsaw recently reported problems with their refrigeration systems, so I suggest that the temperature of the refrigerators during the cooling phase be checked. Second, do you think it is necessary for Ms. Singh and Mr. Weinstein to stay in Valbonne an entire week?
I believe their examination could be completed within two days.
Please let me know your views on these issues. I look forward to hearing from you.
Regards,John Reynolds
To: John Reynolds, Industrial production manager j_reynolds@dawson.com
From: Bertrand Fournier, Plant manager b_fournier@dawson.com
Re: Valbonne, France plant
Date: January 15
Dear Mr. Reynolds,
Thank you for your reply. In response to your questions, we have carefully examined all of our equipment and the entire production process, from the grinding of the cocoa beans to the pressing of the chocolate. The refrigerators are cooling the product at the appropriate temperature, but we are still producing chocolate that is too bitter. We believe the problem may be either in the grind-ing or roasting of the cocoa beans, but we need your engineers to verify our suspicion. As to the duration of the engineers' visit, you may be correct. They do not need to stay a week in Valbonne,but I would suggest they stay at least three days.
Please confirm the dates of February 12～14 for their trip.
Regards, Bertrand Fournier
Why is Mr. Reynolds writing to Mr. Fournier?A.To request that Mr. Fournier visit London
B.To clarify details of an upcoming trip
C.To accept a position at Mr. Fournier's company
D.To express dissatisfaction with a recent plant inspection答案：D解析：从文章第一段可以得出。 -
第6题：
Deep inside a mountain near Sweetwater in East Tennessee is a bady?of water known as the Lost?Sea.It is listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world′s largest underground lake.The Lost Sea is part of an extensive and historic cave system called Craighead Caverns.
The caverns have been known and used since the days of the Cherokee Indian nation.The cave?expands into a series of huge rooms from a small opening on the side of the mountain.Approximately?one mile from the entrance,in a room called-The Council Room",many Indian artifacts have been?found.Some of the items discovered include pottery,arrowheads,weapons,and jewelry.
For many years there were persistent rumors of a large underground lake somewhere in a cave,but it was not discovered until 1905.In that year,a thirteen-year-old boy named Ben Sands crawled through a small opening three hundred feet underground.:He found himself in a large cave half filled?with water.
Today tourists visit the Lost Sea and ride far out onto it in glass-bottomed boats powered by electric motors.More than thirteen acres of water have been mapped out so far and still no end to the lake has been found.Even though teams of divers have tried to explore the Lost Sea,the full extent
of it is still unknown.
What was found in"The Council Room"?A.A small natural opening.
B.A large cave.
C.Another series of rooms.
D.Many old Indian objects.答案：D解析：【考情点拨】事实细节题。【应试指导】由第二段最后两句可知答案为D。 -
第7题：
The scientists have conducted a series of experiments.A:actions
B:tests
C:effects
D:technologies答案：B解析：科学家们已经进行了一系列的实验。action“行动，活动”，如：The government is taking actions to deal with a housing crisis．政府正在采取行动解决住房危机。test“试验”，如：I try to finish the test within ten minutes．我试图在10分钟之内完成这项试验。 effect “影响”，如：The sunshine has many effects on the skin．阳光对皮肤有很多种影响。technology “技术”，如：Science and technology are the primary productive force．科学技术是第一生产力。只有tests意思上和experiments最接近。 -
第8题：
What was found in“The Council Room”A.A small natural opening.
B.A large cave.
C.Another series of rooms.
D.Many old Indian objects.答案：D解析： -
第9题：
单选题What is one configuration method for loading a factory default configuration onto a J-series router？（）Aload override reset
Bload factory-default
Crollback factory-default
Drequest system factory-default
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
单选题A swift current occurring in a narrow passage connecting two large bodies of water which is produced by the continuously changing difference in height of tide at the two ends of the passage is called a(n)（）.Ahydraulic current
Brectilinear current
Crotary current
Dharmonic current
正确答案： A解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
问答题Practice 2 Until early in this century, the isolationist tendency prevailed in American foreign policy. Then two factors projected America into world affairs: its rapidly expanding power, and the gradual collapse of the international system centered on Europe, the watershed presidencies marked this progression: Theodore Roosevelt’s and Woodrow Wilson’s. These men held the reins of government when world affairs were drawing a reluctant nation into their vortex. Both recognized that America had a crucial role to play in world affairs though they justified its emergence from isolation with opposite philosophies. Roosevelt was a sophisticated analyst of the balance of power. He insisted on an international role for America because its national interest demanded it, and because a global balance of power was inconceivable to him without American participation. For Wilson, the justification of America’s international role was messianic: America had an obligation, not to the balance of power, but to spread its principles throughout the world. During the Wilson’s Administration, America emerged as a key player in world affairs, proclaiming principles which, while reflecting the truisms of American though, nevertheless marked a revolutionary departure for Old World diplomats. These principles held that peace depends on the spread of democracy, that states should be judged by the same ethical criteria as individuals, and that the national interest consists of adhering to a universal system of law.正确答案： 【参考译文】
直到本世纪初,孤立主义倾向在外交政策中一直大行其道。后来,两大因素致使美国置身于世界事务之中:其一是它迅猛膨胀的国力,其二是以欧洲为中心的国际体系的渐趋崩溃。具有分水岭意义的两届总统任期标志着这种事态的发展,西奥多·罗斯福和伍德罗·威尔逊。这两人执掌政府大权之际,正值世界事务将美国这个不愿介入国际事务的国家卷入它们的漩涡之时。这两位总统均认识到,美国应在世界事务中扮演关键的角色,尽管他们用截然相反的两套学说来为美国从孤立状态中脱颖而出寻找理据。
罗斯福对均势的分析可谓老谋深算。他坚定不移地认为,美国应扮演某种国际角色,因为美国的国家利益需要这一国际角色,而且对他来说,没有美国参与的全球均势将是无法想象的。对于威尔逊总统来说,美国扮演国际角色的理由更多地带有救世主的色彩:美国不仅仅对均势负有义务,而且也有义务将其自身的原则传播到全球每个角落。威尔逊总统执政期间,美国一跃而成为国际事务中的一个主要角色,到处宣扬其自身的原则。这些原则虽然折射出了美国思想中那些老生常谈的内容,但对于旧世界的外交家而言,仍标志着一种革命性的更弦易辙。美国的这些原则坚持认为,世界和平取决于民主的传播,人们在对国家进行评判时应采用与评判个人相同的道德准则,并且,国家利益在于坚持一套放之四海而皆准的法律体系。解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题It’s said that the power plant is now ______ large as what it was.Atwice as
Bas twice
Ctwice much
Dmuch twice
正确答案： B解析：
考查倍数表达法。句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数表达法有多种，此处考查的是“倍数词+as…as”表示“是……的几倍大”结构，故选A。 -
第13题：
About ________ of the workers in the factory were born in the ________.
A.two-thirds, 1970 B.two-thirds, 1970s C.two-third,1970 D.two-third, 1970s
正确答案：B
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第14题：
12． About_______ of the workers in the factory were born in the __________．
A． two- thirds;1970
B． two- thirds ; 1970s
C． two-third ; 1970
D． two-third ; 1970s
正确答案：B
12．B【解析】句意：工厂里大约2/3的工人出生在20世纪70年代。分数的表达为分子用基数词，分母用序数词，如果分子大于1，则分母要用复数，排除C、D，年代的表达要在年份后加s．故选B。 -
第15题：
In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1 workers'productivity.Instead,the studies ended 2 giving their name to the"Hawthorne effect",the extremely influential idea that the very 3 to being experimented upon changed subjects'behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to 5 of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what was done in the experiment;7 something was changed,productivity rose.A（n）8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers'behavior 10 itself.After several decades,the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12the descriptions on record,no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation of what happed.15,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days.18,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday,workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before 20 a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged"Hawthorne effect"is hard to pin down.11选？A.compared
B.shown
C.subjected
D.conveyed答案：C解析：空格所在的主语是the same data,介词to后面的宾语为：economic analysis；在语义上，二者之间的关系理应为“……数据被用于……分析”。联系上下文可知，the same data指代前面提到的实验数据。因此本题所在句的大致意思是：几十年后，上述实验的数据用于/接受了计量经济学分析。符合句意的只有C选项。 -
第16题：
It′ s said that the power plant is now __________large as what is was.A.twice as
B.as twice
C.twice much
D.much twice答案：A解析：考查倍数表达。倍数表达的基本结构一般为“A+倍数+as+形容词／副词+as+B”，表示。A正好是B的多少倍”。句意为“据说，这个发电厂是它过去的两倍大”。故选A。 -
第17题：
America's emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research.A:encouraged
B:endangered
C:endorsed
D:enlarged答案：A解析：本句意思：美国对于全民教育重要性的强调，促进了科学研究。spur促进，激励。en- courage鼓励，促进；endanger危及，危害；endorse签名，批准；enlarge扩大，放大。 -
第18题：
共用题干
第三篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be
observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they
would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a
hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become
one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of
common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor-
hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be
able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate
changes."What are citizen scientists asked to do?
A:To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.
B:To send their research observations to a professional database.
C:To increase their knowledge about climate change.
D:To keep a record of their research observations.答案：B解析：
短文第一段提到科学家们不可能观察每一个地方的气候变化的现象，所以邀请普通人 为他们观察、收集信息。
短文第二段讲到，平民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方 面，并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。结合选项，可知答案 为B。
短文第二段最后一句话的后半部分“所要做的仅仅是每天或每周抽出几分钟的时间来 收集数据并发送到数据库”可知，"one”是针对citizen scientist来说的。
全文都在讲述普通人参与科学项目的研究，只有A选项不符合题意。其他选项都能在 文中找到。
短文最后一段指出，通过收集数据，我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会 有怎样的影响。所以选D。第5部分：补全短文 -
第19题：
Which writer′s idea had a greatinfluence on the two great leaders, Martin Luther King Jr. and MohandasGrandhi?A.Hawthorne.
B.Whitman.
C.Thoreau.
D.Jack London.答案：C解析：亨利?戴维?梭罗(Henry DavidThoreau)，美国作家、哲学家，超验主义代表人物。他有著名的代表作《论公民的不服从》(Civil Disobedience)，所宣传的这种依靠个人的力量，“非暴力抵抗”的王卜争形式对印度的甘地和美国黑人领袖马丁?路德?金产生了很大的影响。故选C。 -
第20题：
The Midwest is America′s most important ( ) area.A.agricultural
B.industrial
C.manufacturing
D.mining industry答案：A解析：美国地理。题目考查美国Midwest(中西部)的主要产业，答案是农业。 -
第21题：
单选题A swift current occurring in a narrow passage connecting two large bodies of water，which is produced by the continuously changing difference in height of tide at the two ends of the passage，is called a（）.Ahydraulic current
Brectilinear current
Crotary current
Dharmonic current
正确答案： C解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题The research became known as the “Hawthorne effect” becauseAit was the name of the plant where the study was conducted
Bit was the name suggested by the Harvard researchers
Cit was the name of the principal experimenter
DThere were Hawthorne plants growing at Western Electric where the study was conducted.
正确答案： A解析：
本题是细节题。第二段第一句提到：因为这一实验是在西电气公司的霍桑工厂进行的，所以这一现象逐渐被人们称之为“霍桑效应”。所以A为答案。 -
第23题：
单选题The knot used to join two lines or two large hawsers for towing is called a（）.Asquare knot
Bcarrick bend
Csheet bend
Dbowline
正确答案： C解析： 暂无解析 -
第24题：
单选题A large metallic device，mounted directly in the piping (usually located at the dock near the point where the vapor hose is attached)，designed to prevent the passage of a rapidly moving flame through the piping is called a（）.Aflame arrestor
Bflame screen
Cdetonation arrestor
Ddetonation blocker
正确答案： C解析： 暂无解析